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Xu X, Franke T, Schilling K, Sommerdijk NAJM, Cölfen H. Binary Colloidal Nanoparticle Concentration Gradients in a Centrifugal Field at High Concentration. Nano Lett 2019; 19:1136-1142. [PMID: 30644753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Binary colloidal nanoparticles have been found to form different types of crystalline phases at varied radial positions in a centrifugal field by Chen et al. ( ACS Nano 2015, 9, 6944-50). The variety of binary phase behaviors resulted from the two different nanoparticle concentration gradients, but to date, the gradients can only be empirically controlled. For the first time, we are able to measure, fit, and simulate binary hard-sphere colloidal nanoparticle concentration gradients at high particle concentrations up to 30 vol %, which enables tailor-made gradients in a centrifugal field. By this means, a continuous range of binary particle concentration ratios can be accessed in one single experiment to obtain an extended phase diagram. By dispersing two differently sized silica nanoparticles labeled with two different fluorescence dyes in a refractive index matching solvent, we can use a multi-wavelength analytical ultracentrifuge (MWL-AUC) to measure the individual concentration gradient for each particle size in sedimentation-diffusion equilibrium. The influence of the remaining slight turbidity at high concentration can be corrected using the MWL spectra from the AUC data. We also show that the experimental concentration gradients can be fitted using a noninteracting nonideal sedimentation model. By using these fitted parameters, we are able to simulate nanoparticle concentration gradients, which agreed with the subsequent experiments at a high concentration of 10 vol % and thus allowed for the simulation of binary concentration gradients of hard-sphere nanoparticles in preparative ultracentrifuges (PUCs). Finally we demonstrated that by simulating the concentration gradients in PUCs, a continuous and extended binary nanoparticle phase diagram can be obtained by simply studying the structure evolution along the centrifugal field for one single sample instead of a large number of experiments with discrete compositions as in conventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
- Nanolytics GmbH , Am Mühlenberg 11 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
- Physical Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitätsstraße 10, Box 714 , 78457 Konstanz , Germany
| | - T Franke
- Nanolytics GmbH , Am Mühlenberg 11 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - K Schilling
- Nanolytics GmbH , Am Mühlenberg 11 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
| | - N A J M Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy , Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| | - H Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry , University of Konstanz , Universitätsstraße 10, Box 714 , 78457 Konstanz , Germany
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van Deelen TW, Su H, Sommerdijk NAJM, de Jong KP. Assembly and activation of supported cobalt nanocrystal catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2530-2533. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07741f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature oxidation of cobalt nanocrystals is the preferred treatment to obtain the most uniformly distributed and active Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. W. van Deelen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Universiteitsweg 99
- 3584 CG Utrecht
| | - H. Su
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- PO box 513
- Eindhoven
| | - N. A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- PO box 513
- Eindhoven
| | - K. P. de Jong
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- Universiteitsweg 99
- 3584 CG Utrecht
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Monaghan OR, Bomans PHH, Sommerdijk NAJM, Holder SJ. Controlling the melting transition of semi-crystalline self-assembled block copolymer aggregates: controlling release rates of ibuprofen. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive bicontinuous and multi-lamellar micelles were self-assembled from poly[ethylene oxide]-block-(poly[octadecyl methacrylate]-random-poly[docosyl methacrylate]).
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Affiliation(s)
- O. R. Monaghan
- Functional Materials Group
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Kent
- Canterbury
- UK
| | - P. H. H. Bomans
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- d. 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
| | - N. A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Center for Multiscale Electron Microscopy
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- d. 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
| | - S. J. Holder
- Functional Materials Group
- School of Physical Sciences
- University of Kent
- Canterbury
- UK
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McKenzie BE, de Visser JF, Portale G, Hermida-Merino D, Friedrich H, Bomans PHH, Bras W, Monaghan OR, Holder SJ, Sommerdijk NAJM. The evolution of bicontinuous polymeric nanospheres in aqueous solution. Soft Matter 2016; 12:4113-4122. [PMID: 27055859 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00053c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex polymeric nanospheres in aqueous solution are desirable for their promising potential in encapsulation and templating applications. Understanding how they evolve in solution enables better control of the final structures. By unifying insights from cryoTEM and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we present a mechanism for the development of bicontinuous polymeric nanospheres (BPNs) in aqueous solution from a semi-crystalline comb-like block copolymer that possesses temperature-responsive functionality. During the initial stages of water addition to THF solutions of the copolymer the aggregates are predominantly vesicles; but above a water content of 53% irregular aggregates of phase separated material appear, often microns in diameter and of indeterminate shape. We also observe a cononsolvency regime for the copolymer in THF-water mixtures from 22 to 36%. The structured large aggregates gradually decrease in size throughout dialysis, and the BPNs only appear upon cooling the fully aqueous dispersions from 35 °C to 5 °C. Thus, the final BPNs are ultimately the result of a reversible temperature-induced morphological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E McKenzie
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Soft Matter Cryo-TEM Research Unit, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Sommerdijk NAJM. Transient phases and prenucleation clusters in biomimetic calcium phosphate mineralization. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311097157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Sanders HMHF, Strijkers GJ, Mulder WJM, Huinink HP, Erich SJF, Adan OCG, Sommerdijk NAJM, Merkx M, Nicolay K. Morphology, binding behavior and MR-properties of paramagnetic collagen-binding liposomes. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2009; 4:81-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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van den Beucken JJJP, Walboomers XF, Leeuwenburgh SCG, Vos MRJ, Sommerdijk NAJM, Nolte RJM, Jansen JA. Multilayered DNA coatings: in vitro bioactivity studies and effects on osteoblast-like cell behavior. Acta Biomater 2007; 3:587-96. [PMID: 17317349 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the effect of multilayered DNA coatings on (i) the formation of mineralized depositions from simulated body fluids (SBF); and (ii) osteoblast-like cell behavior with and without pretreatment in SBF. DNA coatings were generated using electrostatic self-assembly, with poly-d-lysine or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) as cationic polyelectrolytes, on titanium substrates. Coated substrates and non-coated controls were immersed in SBF with various compositions. The deposition of calcium phosphate was enhanced on multilayered DNA coatings as compared with non-coated controls, and was dependent on the type of cationic polyelectrolyte used in the build-up of the DNA coatings. Further analysis showed that the depositions consisted of carbonated apatite. Non-pretreated DNA coatings were found to have no effect on osteoblast-like cell behavior compared with titanium controls. On the other hand, SBF-pretreatment of DNA coatings affected the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells through an increased deposition of osteocalcin. The results of this study are indicative of the bone-bonding capacities of DNA coatings. Nevertheless, future animal experiments are required to provide conclusive evidence for the bioactivity of DNA coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J J P van den Beucken
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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Van den Beucken JJJP, Walboomers XF, Vos MRJ, Sommerdijk NAJM, Nolte RJM, Jansen JA. Macrophage behavior on multilayered DNA-coatingsin vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 80:612-20. [PMID: 17031824 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A pivotal factor to consider in the development of biomaterials and biomaterial coatings is the inflammatory response to these materials. The insertion of implants is followed by protein adsorption and subsequent interactions with cellular components of the biological surroundings, in which macrophages play a dominant role through the production of a myriad of signaling molecules. In view of this, the aims of the present study were to evaluate (i) gross protein adsorption to, and (ii) in vitro behavior of macrophages on novel biomaterial coatings, composed of poly-D-lysine (PDL) or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and DNA, and to compare these coatings with negative (noncoated glass) and positive controls (noncoated glass + LPS-stimulation). The results demonstrate that multilayered DNA-coatings do not affect gross protein adsorption compared to noncoated controls. Cell culture experiments showed that the attachment to, and viability and morphology of two types of macrophages cultured on multilayered DNA-coatings is comparable to noncoated controls. Still, macrophages repeatedly showed decreased secretion levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha on multilayered DNA-coatings, whereas no differences were observed in the secretion of IL-1beta, IL-10, and TGF-beta1. Appropriate animal studies are required to elucidate if these in vitro indications have clinical effects on the inflammatory and wound healing processes around implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J J P Van den Beucken
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, the Netherlands
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van den Beucken JJJP, Walboomers XF, Vos MRJ, Sommerdijk NAJM, Nolte RJM, Jansen JA. Biological responses to multilayered DNA-coatings. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 81:231-8. [PMID: 16969822 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the basic biological response to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based coatings for soft tissue implants. To that end, in vitro experiments were used to study their cytocompatibility, and in vivo subcutaneous implantation studies with transponders in a rat model were performed to evaluate their histocompatibility. The DNA-based coatings were fabricated using the electrostatic self-assembly technique using cationic poly-D-lysine or poly-allylamine hydrochloride and anionic DNA. Noncoated substrates served as controls. In vitro, the behavior of primary rat dermal fibroblasts was assessed in terms of cell proliferation and morphology. Both types of multilayered DNA-coatings significantly increased rat dermal fibroblast proliferation without altering the morphological appearance of the cells. The tissue response to multilayered DNA-coatings was assessed using an in vivo rat model, in which transponders were inserted subcutaneously for 4 and 12 weeks. No macroscopic signs of inflammation or adverse tissue reactions were observed at implant retrieval. Histological analyses demonstrated a uniform tissue response to all types of implants. All implants were encapsulated in a fibrous tissue capsule without intervening inflammatory cells at the implant surface. Histomorphometrically, multilayered DNA-coatings induced fibrous tissue capsules with similar quality and thickness compared to noncoated controls. In addition, all fibrous tissue capsules showed similar expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin. This study demonstrates that multilayered DNA-coatings are cytocompatible and histocompatible, and justifies further research on their functionalization with biologically active compounds to modulate tissue responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J J P van den Beucken
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, College of Dental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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van den Beucken JJJP, Walboomers XF, Boerman OC, Vos MRJ, Sommerdijk NAJM, Hayakawa T, Fukushima T, Okahata Y, Nolte RJM, Jansen JA. Functionalization of multilayered DNA-coatings with bone morphogenetic protein 2. J Control Release 2006; 113:63-72. [PMID: 16687187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The focus of the present study was to functionalize multilayered DNA-coatings with the osteoinductive factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) using different loading modalities. The multilayered DNA-coatings were built up from either poly-d-lysine (PDL) or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and DNA using electrostatic self-assembly (ESA). The amounts of BMP-2 loaded into the multilayered DNA-coatings and its subsequent release characteristics were determined using radiolabeled BMP-2. Additionally, the effect of BMP-2 functionalized multilayered DNA-coatings on the in vitro behavior of bone marrow-derived osteoblast-like cells was evaluated in terms of proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and cell morphology. The results demonstrate the feasibility of multilayered DNA-coatings to be functionalized by embedding BMP-2 according to three different loading modalities: superficial (s), deep (d), and double-layer (dl). BMP-2 was incorporated proportionally into the multilayered DNA-coatings as: s+(4*d)=dl. All differently loaded multilayered DNA-coatings showed an initial burst release followed by an incremental sustained release of the remaining BMP-2. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the loaded factor remained biologically active, as an accelerated calcium deposition was observed on s- and dl-loaded multilayered DNA-coatings, without affecting cell proliferation. In contrast, d-loaded multilayered DNA-coatings influenced osteoblast-like cell behavior by decreasing the deposition of calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J J P van den Beucken
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center 309, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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van den Beucken JJJP, Walboomers XF, Vos MRJ, Sommerdijk NAJM, Nolte RJM, Jansen JA. Cyto- and histocompatibility of multilayered DNA-coatings on titanium. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 77:202-11. [PMID: 16392121 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA-containing biomaterial coatings offer potential beneficial effects for both soft and hard tissue implants because of the structural properties of DNA. In the current study, the aim was to assess the in vitro cyto- and in vivo histocompatibility of multilayered DNA-coatings generated using the electrostatic self-assembly technique, with poly-D-lysine or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) as the cationic counterparts of anionic DNA. Multilayered DNA-coatings were fabricated on titanium substrates. Noncoated titanium substrates served as controls. In vitro experiments with rat primary dermal fibroblasts (RDF) assessing their viability were performed using a Live/Dead assay and an MTT-based assay. The presence of multilayered DNA-coatings did not affect RDF cell viability. On the other hand, an increased proliferation was demonstrated on both types of multilayered DNA-coatings. An in vivo rat model was used to study the soft tissue histocompatibility of subcutaneously inserted implants during implantation periods of 4 and 12 weeks. Light microscopic analysis revealed that all implants were surrounded by a fibrous capsule containing alpha-smooth muscle actin, and that the presence of a multilayered DNA-coating did not induce any adverse effects in terms of inflammation and wound healing. Histomorphometrically, no significant differences in capsule quality or thickness were observed dependent on multilayered DNA-coating or implantation period. The cyto- and histocompatibility of multilayered DNA-coatings demonstrated in this study allows their use and functionalization with appropriate compounds to modulate cell and tissue responses in dental and medical implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J J P van den Beucken
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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Rehor A, Botterhuis NE, Hubbell JA, Sommerdijk NAJM, Tirelli N. Glucose sensitivity through oxidation responsiveness. An example of cascade-responsive nano-sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b510998a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Brustolin
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - F. Goldoni
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - N. A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Cornelissen JJLM, Fischer M, Sommerdijk NAJM, Nolte RJM. Helical superstructures from charged Poly(styrene)-Poly(isocyanodipeptide) block copolymers. Science 1998; 280:1427-30. [PMID: 9603730 DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5368.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers containing a poly(styrene) tail and a charged helical poly(isocyanide) headgroup derived from isocyano-L-alanine-L-alanine and isocyano-L-alanine-L-histidine were prepared. Analogous to low-molecular mass surfactants, these block copolymers self-assembled in aqueous systems to form micelles, vesicles, and bilayer aggregates. The morphology of these aggregates can be controlled by variation of the length of the poly(isocyanide) block, the pH, and the anion-headgroup interactions. The chirality of the macromolecules results in the formation of helical superstructures that have a helical sense opposite to that of the constituent block copolymers. The great variety of morphologies displayed by these block copolymers and the fact that they are easily accessible from poly(styrene) and different types of peptides open new opportunities for applications in the fields of life and materials sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- JJLM Cornelissen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Nijmegen SON Research Center, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Sommerdijk NAJM, Buynsters PJJA, Akdemir H, Geurts DG, Pistorius AMA, Feiters MC, Nolte RJM, Zwanenburg B. Expression of Supramolecular Chirality in Aggregates of Chiral Amide-Containing Surfactants. Chemistry 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(199801)4:1<127::aid-chem127>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sommerdijk NAJM, Buynsters PJJA, Akdemir H, Geurts DG, Nolte RJM, Zwanenburg B. Aziridines as Synthons for Chiral Amide-Containing Surfactants. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo974027l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sommerdijk NAJM, Buynsters PJJA, Akdemir H, Geurts DG, Nolte RJM, Zwanenburg B. Aziridines as Precursors for Chiral Amide-Containing Surfactants. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo962298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Institute for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. J. J. A. Buynsters
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Institute for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H. Akdemir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Institute for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D. G. Geurts
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Institute for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. M. Nolte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Institute for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Zwanenburg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Institute for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sommerdijk NAJM, Hoeks THL, Synak M, Feiters MC, Nolte RJM, Zwanenburg B. Stereodependent Fusion and Fission of Vesicles: Calcium Binding of Synthetic Gemini Phospholipids Containing Two Phosphate Groups. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja962303s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. J. M. Sommerdijk
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Center for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T. H. L. Hoeks
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Center for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Synak
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Center for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. Feiters
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Center for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. M. Nolte
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Center for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Zwanenburg
- Contribution from the Department of Organic Chemistry, NSR-Center for Molecular Structure, Design and Synthesis, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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