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Ibrahim BM, Fakhre NA, Jalhoom MG, Qader IN, Shareef HY, Jalal AF. Removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions by modified cellulose. Environ Technol 2024; 45:2335-2347. [PMID: 35306975 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2056086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The new adsorbent was prepared by mixing cellulose with dicyclohexyl-18- crown-6 via microwave irradiation method and it was used to remove lead ions from aqueous solution. In contrast to the traditional way (in which grafted polymers are produced by using chemical-free radical producers), this method is rapid, reproducible, and gives a high-quality product. Different physicochemical techniques such as FTIR, SEM, and XRD and TGA were used for the characterization of the produced adsorbent. Based on the ANOVA statistical value, the adsorption of Pb2+ ion onto grafted cellulose has been found to be significant, with very low probability (p) values (<0.001). The pH and initial concentration were observed to be the most significant factors that affected the Pb2+ ion removal from the analysis of variance. Pseudo-second-order and Langmuir equations were applied to the adsorption of Pb2+ ion and under the optimized conditions, the maximum absorption capacity in modified cellulose of Pb2+ was 58.3 mg/g. Various factors which affect metal ion adsorption, including temperature, power of hydrogen, shaking time, adsorbent quantity, and metal ions concentration were studied. More importantly, the adsorbent could be reused by using 0.1 M nitric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bnar M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Raparin, Sulaymaneyah, Iraq
| | - Nabil A Fakhre
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Moayyed G Jalhoom
- Department of Production Engineering and Minerals, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ibrahim Nazem Qader
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Raparin, Sulaymaneyah, Iraq
| | - Huda Y Shareef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Aveen F Jalal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
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Jalal AF, Fakhre NA. Removal of dyes (BG, MG, and SA) from aqueous solution using a novel adsorbent macrocyclic compound. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275330. [PMID: 36201492 PMCID: PMC9536618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of macrocyclic compounds to remove organic dyes is fascinating because they have a wide surface area range and can be used for different things. new (14E, 34E)-7-Hydroxy-7, 8, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27-Octahydro-6H, 16H, 33H Tetrabenzo[f,k,u,z][1,5,13,20]Tetraoxacycloheptacosine-16,33-Dione (HOTTD) was obtained by a simple high-dilution method, and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, FESEM, EDX, and XRD. It worked well in removing organic dyes from aqueous solutions. Contact time, pH, dosage, initial concentration and temperature were studied. The optimum conditions were achieved by using 20 mg/L dye concentration, 50 mg dose of adsorbent and pH 9.0 at room temperature. The adsorption process was remarkably fast and reached equilibrium within 10 min for both Brilliant Green and Malachite Green while 70 min for Safranin. The batch adsorption experiments followed a pseudo 2nd order and Langmuir model with maximum adsorption capacity 19.26 mg/g, 18.28 mg/g, and 14.35 mg/g for Brilliant Green, Malachite green and Safranin respectively. The process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Adsorbent regeneration test provides an excellent value 5 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aveen F. Jalal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- * E-mail:
| | - Nabil A. Fakhre
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Jalal AF, Fakhre NA. Preparation and Characterization of Green Fe3 O4 Nanoparticle Using the Aqueous Plant Extract of Gundelia tournefortii L. ARO 2021. [DOI: 10.14500/aro.10843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) synthesized using a simple, fast, and environmentally acceptable green approach. Gundelia Tournefortii Extract, an aqueous plant extract, was used for the first time in green synthesis to prepare nanoparticles as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. Such biomolecules as flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidants are found in the aqueous leaf extract, and their presence has been determined to have an important role in the synthesis of Fe3O4-NPs. The techniques used in this analysis include Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The Vibrating Sample Magnetometer demonstrated that the samples were superparamagnetic, with a magnetization value of 48.6 emu/g. The prepared nanoparticle was applied to remove Chrystal Violet (CV), Malachite Green(MG), and Safranin (S) dyes from prepared aqueous solutions with the adsorption capacity of 13.9, 15.6, and 14.4 mg/g respectively.
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Azeez AM, Fakhre NA. Determination of ketoprofen in tablet dosage forms by derivative IR spectroscopy. Egypt J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.79993.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Risheed CM, Fakhre NA, Mohammed MI, Ali DK. Hollow Fiber Nano Membrane as Liquid Phase Microextraction for Determination of Enrofloxacin in the Prsence of Florfenicol and Tylosin in Chicken Tissues. Egypt J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2021.78841.3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Amin KF, Fakhre NA, Abdullah AM. Comparative Study of Different Derivative Spectrophotometric Techniques for the Analysis and Separation of Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Glimepiride. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190416122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In some cases, lifestyle changes are not enough to keep type 2 diabetes under
control, so there are several medications that may help. Metformin can lower your blood sugar levels,
Glimepiride makes more insulin, whereas Empagliflozin prevents the kidneys from reabsorbing sugar
into the blood and sending it out in the urine.
Methods:
Mean centering, double divisor, ratio spectra-zero crossing, and successive derivative were
applied for the estimation of metformin, empagliflozin, and glimepiride respectively, in their prepared
laboratory mixtures and in pharmaceutical tablets, without prior chemical separation. The absorption
spectra of the mentioned drugs were recorded in the range of 200-400nm.
Results:
These methods were linear over concentration ranges of 1.0-10, 2.5-30, and 1.0-10 μgmL-1 of
metformin, empagliflozin, and glimepiride respectively. Mean centering for metformin was measured at
234 and 248 nm, while empagliflozin and glimepiride had amplitude values at 276 and 262 nm, respectively.
The derivative of double divisor was measured at 234, 278, and 288 nm for metformin, empagliflozin
and glimepiride, respectively. The ratio of spectra-zero crossing was quantified at amplitude values
of the analytical signal at 234 and 274 nm for metformin and empagliflozin, respectively, whereas
glimepiride was determined at 242 and 286 nm. The successive ratio of metformin, empagliflozin, and
glimepiride was determined at 284, 242, and 266 nm, respectively.
Conclusion:
The methods are validated according to the ICH guidelines where accuracy, precision and
repeatability are found to be within the acceptable limit. The methods were studied and optimized. Upon
validation linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ and selectivity were proved to be operative for
the analysis of specified drugs in pharmaceutical dosage configuration. Statistical illustration was done
between the suggested methods with the reported methods with consideration to accuracy and precision.
No significant difference was found by student’s t-test, F-test and one-way ANOVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanda F.M. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Nabil A. Fakhre
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
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M Amin KF, Abdullah AM, Fakhre NA. Mean centering-triple divisor and ratio derivative-zero crossing for simultaneous determination of some diabetes drugs in their quaternary mixture with severely overlapping spectra. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 222:117261. [PMID: 31228859 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two ratio derivative spectrophotometric methods were performed for the simultaneous analysis of metformin hydrochloride, empagliflozine, linagliptin, and pioglitazone hydrochloride in their synthetic mixtures without prior chemical separation. The drugs are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Despite the various advances in the management of diabetes, it remains to be the major cause of disability and morbidity, including blindness, amputation, heart disease, peripheral neuropathy, and kidney disease. These techniques consisted of several steps using ratio and derivative spectra. The absorption spectra of the mentioned drugs were recorded in the range of 200-350 nm, which have the concentration ranges of 1.0-10, 2.5-30, 5.0-40, and 2.5-30 μg mL-1 for metformin hydrochloride, empagliflozine, linagliptin, and pioglitazone hydrochloride, respectively, using zero-order spectra. The mean centring of ratio spectra combined with triple divisor were measured at the amplitude values 242, 256, 272 and 296 nm for metformin hydrochloride, empagliflozine, linagliptin and pioglitazone hydrochloride, respectively; the derivative ratio spectra-zero crossing quantifies the amplitude value of the analytical signal at 234, 244, 260 and 280 nm for metformin hydrochloride, empagliflozine, linagliptin and pioglitazone hydrochloride, respectively. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines, accuracy, precision and repeatability were found to be within the acceptable limits. Finally, statistical comparisons between the proposed methods and with the reported methods with respect to accuracy and precision show that no significant difference was found by using Student's t-test, the F-test and one-way ANOVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanda F M Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed M Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Nabil A Fakhre
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
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Fakhre NA, Ibrahim BM. The use of new chemically modified cellulose for heavy metal ion adsorption. J Hazard Mater 2018; 343:324-331. [PMID: 28992570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a simple one-step method to synthesize novel supramolecular polysaccharide composite from cellulose (CEL) and dibenzo-18-crown 6 using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The [CEL+DB18C6] composites obtained retain properties of their components, namely superior mechanical strength (from CEL), excellent adsorption capability for heavy metal ions from DB18C6. More importantly, the [CEL+DB18C6] composites exhibit truly supramolecular properties. By itself CEL and DB18C6 can adsorb heavy metals. However, adsorption capability of the composite was substantially and synergistically enhanced by adding DB18C6 to CEL. That is, the removal percentage value for Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ by [CEL+DB18C6] composites are much higher than removal percentage values of individual CEL and DB18C6 composites. It seems that DB18C6 synergistically interact with CEL to form more stable complexes with heavy metals, and as a consequence, the [CEL+DB18C6] composite can adsorb relatively larger amount heavy metals. The adsorption parameters, such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature were optimized. Desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of modified cellulose saturated with these metallic ions depends on the type and concentration of the regenerating solution (NH4Cl, HNO3, NaCl and CaCl2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A Fakhre
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University - Erbil, Iraq
| | - Bnar M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Raparin, Iraq.
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Rasheed CM, Fakhre NA, Ibrahim M. Simultaneous Determination of Enrofloxacin and Tylosin in Chicken Samples by Derivative Spectrophotometry. Arab J Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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