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Raship NA, Tawil SNM, Nayan N, Ismail K. Effect of Al Concentration on Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of (Gd, Al) Co-Doped ZnO and Its n-ZnO/p-Si (1 0 0) Heterojunction Structures Prepared via Co-Sputtering Method. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2392. [PMID: 36984272 PMCID: PMC10053668 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunction structures of n-ZnO/p-Si were prepared through the growth of undoped ZnO and (Gd, Al) co-doped ZnO films onto p-type Si (1 0 0) substrates, using a co-sputtering method. The structural and optical properties of the Gd-doped ZnO films were studied as a function of different Al doping concentrations. The X-ray diffraction profiles indicated that the films had a nanocrystalline structure of ZnO with a (0 0 2) preferential orientation. An increase in the Al doping concentration deteriorated the (0 0 2) diffraction peak intensity. The transmittance measurements in the UV-Vis wavelength range indicated that the film's optical gap increased with increase in Al doping concentration. The heterojunction parameters were evaluated using the current-voltage (I-V) characterization carried out of the fabricated n-ZnO/p-Si heterostructure, in dark conditions at room temperature. From these measurements, the n-ZnO-based DMS/p-Si heterojunction diode with the use of (Gd, Al) co-doped ZnO film showed the lowest leakage current of 1.28 × 10-8 A and an ideality factor η of 1.11, close to the ideal diode behavior of η = 1, compared to the n-Gd-doped ZnO/p-Si and n-undoped ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amaliyana Raship
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nooraya Mohd Tawil
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Tropicalisation, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Khadijah Ismail
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Sungai Besi 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Hacini A, Hadi Ali A, Adnan NN, Nayan N. Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2022; 13:1589-1595. [PMID: 36636737 PMCID: PMC9811308 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ITO/Mo bilayer thin films were sputtered on n-type silicon and glass substrates and annealed with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The structural results show that both the as-deposited and the annealed ITO/Mo thin films have a polycrystalline structure, and that the annealing treatment enhanced the crystallinity of samples. Moreover, the XRD patterns exhibited a cubic structure preferentially oriented along the (222) and (400) planes. The AFM analysis shows that grain size and RMS roughness increased from 16.02 to 36.19 nm and 0.4 to 2.6 nm, respectively, when the laser energy was increased to 120 mJ. The as-deposited sample has an optical transmittance of nearly 80% in the 300-800 nm range. The laser annealing yielded a higher transmittance of 94% and increased the bandgap energy from 2.76 to 2.88 eV at 120 mJ. The annealing treatment decreased the resistivity from 15.63 × 10-4 to 1.73 × 10-4 Ω/cm-1. Additionally, the figure of merit of the ITO/Mo structure improved significantly from 6.63 × 10-4 Ω-1 of the as-deposited sample to 17.6 × 10-3 Ω-1 of the the annealed structure. The results indicate that the laser annealing could improve the efficiency of the transparent conductive layer, which can be potentially applied in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbaki Hacini
- Laser and Semiconductor Technology Research Group, COR PDSR, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Pagoh Educational Hub, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hadi Ali
- Laser and Semiconductor Technology Research Group, COR PDSR, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Pagoh Educational Hub, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Nadia Adnan
- Laser and Semiconductor Technology Research Group, COR PDSR, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Pagoh Educational Hub, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Raship NA, Tawil SNM, Nayan N, Ismail K, Bakri AS, Azman Z, Mohkhter F. Magnetic Domain Characterization and Physical Properties of Gd-Doped and (Gd, Al) Co-Doped ZnO Thin Films. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8025. [PMID: 36431511 PMCID: PMC9699135 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Undoped ZnO, Gd-doped ZnO with various doping concentration (1, 3, 5, and 7 at%), and 3 at% (Gd, Al) co-doped ZnO films were prepared on a glass substrate using the co-reactive sputtering method. The influence of the doping and co-doping process on the films was characterized using X-ray diffraction, FESEM, EDX, MFM, VSM, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and the Hall Effect measurement at room temperature. XRD study confirmed that the Gd and Al ions are incorporated into a ZnO lattice. EDX analysis confirmed the existence of Zn, O, Al, and Gd elements in the prepared Gd-doped ZnO and (Gd, Al) co-doped ZnO films, which suggests the successful doping procedure. All the deposited films obtained maximum optical transmittance above 80%, showing a high transparency of the films in the visible region. The optical band gap was found red-shifted from 3.11 to 3.21 eV with the increase in Gd doping concentration. The increase in band gap energy from 3.14 eV to 3.16 eV was obtained for 3 at% Gd and 3 at% (Gd, Al) co-doped ZnO films. The MFM measurement proved the existence of room-temperature ferromagnetism and spin polarization in Gd and (Gd, Al) co-doped ZnO films. By co-doping with Al, the result obtained from MFM shows the enhancement of magnetic properties, as it exhibited a smaller domain size with a shorter magnetic correlation length L, a larger phase shift Φrms, and the highest value of δfrms compared to the sample with 3 at% Gd incorporated into ZnO. The carrier concentration and electrical conductivity increased with the increase in Gd concentration, whereas the electrical resistivity and hall mobility showed a reverse trend. The similar trend of results obtained for 3 at% (Gd, Al) co-doped ZnO as compared to 3 at% Gd-doped ZnO also indicates greater electrical properties after a shallow donor such as aluminum was incorporated into Gd-doped ZnO thin films. In conclusion, for future applications, one should consider the possible influence of other types of shallow donor incorporation in an attempt to enhance the properties of new types of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amaliyana Raship
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nooraya Mohd Tawil
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Center for Tropicalisation, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia
| | - Khadijah Ismail
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Anis Suhaili Bakri
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia
| | - Zulkifli Azman
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia
| | - Faezahana Mohkhter
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia
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Lim GP, Soon CF, Ma NL, Morsin M, Nayan N, Ahmad MK, Tee KS. Cytotoxicity of MXene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications: A mini review. Environ Res 2021; 201:111592. [PMID: 34175291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MXene based nanomaterial is an uprising two-dimensional material gaining tremendous scientific attentions due to its versatile properties for the applications in electronic devices, power generation, sensors, drug delivery, and biomedicine. However, the cytotoxic effects of MXene still remained a huge concern. Therefore, stringent analysis of biocompatibility of MXene is an essential requirement before introduction to human physiological system. Several in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies have been reported to investigate the interactions between MXenes with living organisms such as microbes, mammalian cells and animal models. The biological response and cytotoxicity reported were dependent on the physicochemical properties of MXene. The biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of MXene were dependent on size, dose, and surface coating. This review demystifies the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies associated with MXene. Various methods proposed to mitigate the cytotoxicity of MXene for in vivo applications were revealed. The machine learning methods were developed to predict the cytotoxicity of experimentally synthesized MXene compounds. Finally, we also discussed the current research gaps of applying MXenes in biomedical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gim Pao Lim
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Center, Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fhong Soon
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Center, Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Marlia Morsin
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Center, Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Center, Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Center, Institute for Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kian Sek Tee
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Megat Hasnan MMI, Mohd Noor IS, Nayan N, Ahmad MK, Mohd Said S, Mohd Sabri MF, Mohd Salleh MF, Mohamed Ali MS, Mohd Zin R. Enhancement of spin Seebeck effect of reverse spin crossover Fe (II) micellar charge transport using PMMA polymer electrolyte. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor
- Physics Division, Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43400 UPM Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT‐SRC), Block F5 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Parit Raja Johor 86400 Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT‐SRC), Block F5 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Parit Raja Johor 86400 Malaysia
| | - Suhana Mohd Said
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faiz Mohd Salleh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia
| | | | - Rosnah Mohd Zin
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Parit Raja Johor Darul Takzim 86400 Malaysia
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Chung ELT, Alghirani MM, Kamalludin MH, Nayan N, Jesse FFA, Wei OTA, Stephen MAFMH, Reduan MFH, Loh TC. Do different vaccination regimes affect the growth performance, immune status, carcase characteristics and meat quality of broilers? Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:32-37. [PMID: 32875813 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1817327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. A vaccination regime is a schedule for the administration of vaccines which may vary according to country or even by farm. This study aimed to measure the production and health performance of broilers treated with different vaccination regimes. 2. A total of 108 Cobb 500 broiler birds were randomly divided into three treatment groups, with six replicates consisting of six birds per replicate. Each treatment group was administered with different vaccination regimes against Newcastle Disease (ND), Infectious Bronchitis (IB) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Treatment 1 (T1) broilers were vaccinated against ND+IB and IBD on days 7 and 14 of age, respectively (control); Treatment 2 (T2) broilers were vaccinated against ND+IB on days 3 and 7 of age, and IBD on day 14; and Treatment 3 (T3) broilers were vaccinated against ND+IB on days 7 and 21 and IBD on day 14. Throughout the 42-day study period, data and samples were collected to determine the growth performance, immune status, carcase characteristics and meat quality. 3. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) on growth performance (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and cumulative feed conversion ratio), white blood cell count (heterophils percentage, lymphocytes percentage and heterophils to lymphocytes ratio), carcase characteristics (kill-out weight, de-feathered weight, dressing percentage, drumsticks and gastrointestinal tract weight) and meat quality (cooking loss and drip loss) between treatments. T1 broilers showed better growth, white blood cell count, carcase characteristics and meat quality compared to T2 and T3 broilers. 4. Based on findings from the current work, vaccination against ND+IB and IBD on days 7 and 14 proved to be the best vaccination regime for broiler production, due to the better production performance and health status of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L T Chung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M M Alghirani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M H Kamalludin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Nayan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F F A Jesse
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - O T A Wei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M A F M H Stephen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M F H Reduan
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa , Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - T C Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lim GP, Soon CF, Othman SA, Sultana N, Ahmad MK, Nayan N, Tee KS. Generation of HeLa spheroids in Ca-alginate-PEG microbeads using flicking technique as an improved three-dimensional cell culture system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Isiyaku AK, Ali AH, Nayan N. Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al-Ag/ITO multilayer contact. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2020; 11:695-702. [PMID: 32461871 PMCID: PMC7214864 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a widely used material for transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films due to its good optical and electrical properties. Improving the optoelectronic properties of ITO films with reduced thickness is crucial and quite challenging. ITO-based multilayer films with an aluminium-silver (Al-Ag) interlayer (ITO/Al-Ag/ITO) and a pure ITO layer (as reference) were prepared by RF and DC sputtering. The microstructural, optical and electrical properties of the ITO/Al-Ag/ITO (IAAI) films were investigated before and after annealing at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the insertion of the Al-Ag intermediate bilayer led to the crystallization of an Ag interlayer even at the as-deposited stage. Peaks attributed to ITO(222), Ag(111) and Al(200) were observed after annealing, indicating an enhancement in crystallinity of the multilayer films. The annealed IAAI film exhibited a remarkable improvement in optical transmittance (86.1%) with a very low sheet resistance of 2.93 Ω/sq. The carrier concentration increased more than twice when the Al-Ag layer was inserted between the ITO layers. The figure of merit of the IAAI multilayer contact has been found to be high at 76.4 × 10-3 Ω-1 compared to a pure ITO contact (69.4 × 10-3 Ω-1). These highly conductive and transparent ITO films with Al-Ag interlayer can be a promising contact for low-resistance optoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku
- Optical Fiber Laser Technology Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology Pagoh Educational Hub, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, P.M.B 2339, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Hadi Ali
- Optical Fiber Laser Technology Group, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology Pagoh Educational Hub, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Soon CF, Sundra SA, Zainal N, Sefat F, Ahmad MK, Nayan N, Tee KS, Cheong SC. Development of a Microdilution Device with One-step Dilution of Cytochalasin-B for Treating ORL-48 Cancer Microtissues. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mahat H, Hashim M, Saleh Y, Nayan N, Norkhaidi SB. Environmental Sustainability Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Pre-school Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/286/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nafisah S, Morsin M, Jumadi NA, Nayan N, Md Shah NZA, Razali NL, Mat Salleh M. One-step wet chemical synthesis of gold nanoplates on solid substrate using poly-l-lysine as a reducing agent. MethodsX 2018; 5:1618-1625. [PMID: 30568883 PMCID: PMC6290129 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-step wet chemical approach or seedless growth process has several advantages compared to the traditional seed-mediated growth method (SMGM), such as being simpler and not requiring a multistep growth of seeds. This study had introduced a one-step wet chemical method to synthesis gold nanoplates on a solid substrate. The synthesis was carried out by simply immersing clean ITO substrate into a solution, which was made from mixing of gold chloride (precursor), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or CTAB (stabilizing agent), and poly-l-lysine or PLL (reducing agent). Consequently, the size of the nanoplates in the range of (0.40 - 0.89) μm and a surface density within the range (21.89-57.19) % can be easily controlled by changing the concentration of PLL from 0.050 to 0.100 w/v % in H2O. At low PLL concentrations, the reduction of the gold precursor by PLL is limited, leading to the formation of gold nanoplates with a smaller size and surface density. The study on the sample by using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that gold peaks occurred. The optical properties of the samples were examined by a UV-vis Spectrophotometer and showed that there was no strong surface plasmon resonance band observed at UV-vis and infrared regions, which agreed to micron-sized gold nanoplates. •Gold nanoplates synthesized on the substrate using a simple one-step wet chemical synthesis approach with poly-l-lysine (PLL) as a reducing agent and CTAB as a stabilizing agent.•The nanoplate's size and surface density was strongly dependent on the concentration of PLL.•Gold nanoplates synthesized using PLL with a concentration 0.050% showed perfect triangular shape, less by-products and more homogenous in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suratun Nafisah
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Marlia Morsin
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Anida Jumadi
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Zehan An’nisa Md Shah
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Liyana Razali
- Microelectronics & Nanotechnology - Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Institute of Integrated Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Mat Salleh
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Nayan N, Sonnenberg A, Hendriks W, Cone J. Screening of white‐rot fungi for bioprocessing of wheat straw into ruminant feed. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:468-479. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Nayan
- Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
- Plant Breeding Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - A.S.M. Sonnenberg
- Plant Breeding Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - W.H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - J.W. Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
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Soon CF, Tee KS, Wong SC, Nayan N, Sargunan Sundra, Ahmad MK, Sefat F, Sultana N, Youseffi M. Comparison of biophysical properties characterized for microtissues cultured using microencapsulation and liquid crystal based 3D cell culture techniques. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:13-29. [PMID: 29189979 PMCID: PMC5809678 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing three dimensional (3D) cells is an emerging research in tissue engineering. Biophysical properties of the 3D cells regulate the cells growth, drug diffusion dynamics and gene expressions. Scaffold based or scaffoldless techniques for 3D cell cultures are rarely being compared in terms of the physical features of the microtissues produced. The biophysical properties of the microtissues cultured using scaffold based microencapsulation by flicking and scaffoldless liquid crystal (LC) based techniques were characterized. Flicking technique produced high yield and highly reproducible microtissues of keratinocyte cell lines in alginate microcapsules at approximately 350 ± 12 pieces per culture. However, microtissues grown on the LC substrates yielded at lower quantity of 58 ± 21 pieces per culture. The sizes of the microtissues produced using alginate microcapsules and LC substrates were 250 ± 25 μm and 141 ± 70 μm, respectively. In both techniques, cells remodeled into microtissues via different growth phases and showed good integrity of cells in field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM). Microencapsulation packed the cells in alginate scaffolds of polysaccharides with limited spaces for motility. Whereas, LC substrates allowed the cells to migrate and self-stacking into multilayered structures as revealed by the nuclei stainings. The cells cultured using both techniques were found viable based on the live and dead cell stainings. Stained histological sections showed that both techniques produced cell models that closely replicate the intrinsic physiological conditions. Alginate microcapsulation and LC based techniques produced microtissues containing similar bio-macromolecules but they did not alter the main absorption bands of microtissues as revealed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Cell growth, structural organization, morphology and surface structures for 3D microtissues cultured using both techniques appeared to be different and might be suitable for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Fhong Soon
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, MiNT-SRC, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Kian Sek Tee
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, MiNT-SRC, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Soon Chuan Wong
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, MiNT-SRC, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, MiNT-SRC, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sargunan Sundra
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, MiNT-SRC, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Biosensor and Bioengineering Lab, MiNT-SRC, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Medical and Healthcare Technology Department, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Naznin Sultana
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mansour Youseffi
- Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Medical and Healthcare Technology Department, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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Mohd Said ND, Sahdan MZ, Nayan N, Saim H, Adriyanto F, Bakri AS, Morsin M. Difference in structural and chemical properties of sol–gel spin coated Al doped TiO2, Y doped TiO2 and Gd doped TiO2 based on trivalent dopants. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29686-29697. [PMID: 35547299 PMCID: PMC9085301 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ti3+ state in metal doped TiO2 based on lattice distortion that encouraged the formation of oxygen vacancy defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Damsyik Mohd Said
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology – Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC)
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
- Malaysia
- Electrical Engineering Department
- Politeknik Kota Kinabalu
| | - Mohd Zainizan Sahdan
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology – Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC)
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
- Malaysia
| | - Nafarizal Nayan
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology – Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC)
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
- Malaysia
| | - Hashim Saim
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology – Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC)
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
- Malaysia
| | - Feri Adriyanto
- Electrical Engineering Department
- Sebelas Maret University
- Surakarta 57126
- Indonesia
| | - Anis Suhaili Bakri
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology – Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC)
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
- Malaysia
| | - Marlia Morsin
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology – Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC)
- Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
- Malaysia
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Nayan N, Hendriks WH, Cone JW, Sonnenberg A. 533 Selection of white-tot fungi for bioprocessing of wheat straw into ruminant feed. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nayan N, Sonnenberg ASM, Hendriks WH, Cone JW. Differences between two strains of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora on improving the nutritive value of wheat straw for ruminants. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:352-361. [PMID: 28517113 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated differences between two strains of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora on improving the nutritive value and in vitro degradability of wheat straw. METHODS AND RESULTS Wheat straw was treated with the fungi for 7 weeks. Weekly samples were analysed for ergosterol content, in vitro gas production (IVGP), chemical composition and lignin-degrading enzyme activity. Ergosterol data showed CS1 to have a faster initial growth than CS2 and reaching a stationary phase after 3 weeks. The IVGP of CS1-treated wheat straw exceeded the control earlier than CS2 (4 vs 5 weeks). CS1 showed a significantly higher (P < 0·001) selectivity in lignin degradation compared to CS2. Both strains showed peak activity of laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) at week 1. CS1 showed a significantly higher (P < 0·001) laccase activity, but lower (P = 0·008) MnP activity compared to CS2. CONCLUSION Both CS strains improved the nutritive value of wheat straw. Variation between strains was clearly demonstrated by their growth pattern and enzyme activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The differences among the two strains provide an opportunity for future selection and breeding programs in improving the extent and selectivity of lignin degradation in agricultural biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nayan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A S M Sonnenberg
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W H Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Majeed U, Mustafa MK, Nayan N. Effect on silicon nitride thin films properties at various pressure of R.F. magnetron sputtering. Mal J Fund Appl Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.11113/mjfas.v11n2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Silicon nitride is a well-known kind of material with numerous applications such as gate dielectrics and etch-masks in semiconductor device fabrication, anti reflective coatings in solar panel manufacturing and optical waveguides in biosensing fields. In this work, Silicon nitride thin films were prepared using radio frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature. The properties of thin films were investigated with respect to sputtering-gas pressure during film deposition. The produced thin films were characterized with spectral reflectance, AFM, FTIR and FE-SEM techniques for growth rate and optical properties, surface roughness and morphology, chemical bonding information and surface micro structures respectively. Spectral reflectance results showed that there existed an optimum value of sputtering-gas pressure for increase in growth rate and beyond that value the growth rate started decreasing. Refractive index was found to increase with increased pressure confirmed the films were Si-rich. AFM results revealed the increment in surface roughness is in direct proportion with working pressure. FTIR results showed the overlapping of Si-N and Si-O characteristic bands and its shift toward higher wave number due to increasing Si content in deposited films. FE-SEM results showed prominent changes in surface micro structure with higher sputtering-gas pressures.
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Soon CF, Omar WIW, Berends RF, Nayan N, Basri H, Tee KS, Youseffi M, Blagden N, Denyer MCT. Biophysical characteristics of cells cultured on cholesteryl ester liquid crystals. Micron 2014; 56:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Soon CF, Khaghani SA, Youseffi M, Nayan N, Saim H, Britland S, Blagden N, Denyer MCT. Interfacial study of cell adhesion to liquid crystals using widefield surface plasmon resonance microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 110:156-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zainizan Sahdan M, Nayan N, Haimi Dahlan S, Mahmoud ME, Hashim U. Sol-Gel Synthesis of TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films from In-House Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Powder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2012.24b005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nayan N, Akay HU, Walsh MR, Bell WV, Troyer GL, Dukes RE, Mohan P. CFD modeling of pharmaceutical isolators with experimental verification of airflow. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2007; 61:237-254. [PMID: 17933207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have been developed to predict the airflow in a transfer isolator using a commercial CFD code. In order to assess the ability of the CFD approach in predicting the flow inside an isolator, hot wire anemometry measurements and a novel experimental flow visualization technique consisting of helium-filled glycerin bubbles were used. The results obtained have been shown to agree well with the experiments and show that CFD can be used to model barrier systems and isolators with practical fidelity. This indicates that CFD can and should be used to support the design, testing, and operation of barrier systems and isolators.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nayan
- Computational Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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