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Gangadhara KS, Nagaraj M, Nandini P, Malawadi S. Sensitivity of KOH Mount in the Early Diagnosis of Fungal Infections of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses in COVID-19 Infected Patients Suspected with Mucormycosis. NJLM 2023. [DOI: 10.7860/njlm/2023/58024.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mucormycosis represents a group of life threatening infections caused by fungi of the order Mucorales especially in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a highly invasive and rapidly progressive disease resulting in high grades of morbidity and increased mortality. Aim: To study the sensitivity of potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount in the early diagnosis of mucormycosis in COVID-19 infected patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective, longitudinal (single group) study was done in McGANN Teaching District Hospital, Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India, among the patients with high index of clinical suspicion of mucormycosis from May 2021 to August 2021. Specimen from the nasal cavity or the suspected lesion on hard palate, gums, skin was sent for KOH mount and fungal culture and also biopsy of the nasal mucosa sent for histopathological examination. The sample was sent both preoperatively and intraoperatively. The positive KOH report and its role in early diagnosis and management of mucormycosis suspected cases were assessed. Results: Out of 26 patients, 6 (23.1%) were females and 20 (76.9%) were males. COVID-19 positive suspected mucormycosis were 5 (19.2%) and post COVID-19 suspected mucormycosis were 21 (80.8%). Species isolated after processing the sample were rhizopus in 10 (38.5%), candida in 1 (3.8%), aspergillus in 1 (3.8%); while in 14 (53.8%) no organisms were isolated. Out of 26 patients KOH positive sample on the day of admission confirming with positive intraoperative histopathological examination were 10 (41.7%). Admission day fungal culture positivity was seen in (n=12, 46.2% ) and negativity in 14 (53.8%) cases. Intraoperative fungal culture was positive in 24 (92.3%) cases. There was 100% specificity for both fungal culture and KOH mount and sensitivity for KOH was 41.7% and 50% for fungal culture. False negativity rate for KOH was 58.3% and for fungal culture was 50%. Conclusion: The results of KOH mount can be obtained within an hour of sending nasal scrapping samples. Hence, it helps in making the early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment for suspected cases. But in the current study, even in patients presenting with high clinical suspicion of mucormycosis, the sensitivity of KOH mount on the day of admission to the hospital was 41.7%.In view of severe morbidity and mortality of mucormycosis, this sensitivity though less is of paramount importance in these patients because treatment can be started early.
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Pasar R, Ms P, R HN, M D, P N, M B, R BP, M P. Simultaneous determination of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in curry leaf using LC-MS/MS and risk assessment. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1831-1838. [PMID: 35315569 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the method development, validation, and simultaneous determination of dimethoate and its metabolite omethoate in curry leaf. Samples were extracted following modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction protocol and analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limit of quantification in the matrix was 0.005 μg g-1 for dimethoate and omethoate. Extraction using acetonitrile recorded the average recoveries in the range of 82.25 to 112.97% for dimethoate and 85.57 to 107.22% for omethoate at 0.005, 0.025 and 0.050 μgg-1 fortification levels and relative standard deviation less than 5%. Similarly, the relative standard deviation values for intraday (Repeatability) and interday (Reproducibility) tests were less than 15%. Dissipation kinetics of dimethoate 30% emulsifiable concentrate at 200 and 400 g a.i h-1 recorded initial deposits of 5.20 and 10.05 μg g-1 and 0.33 and 0.48 μg g-1 for dimethoate and omethoate, respectively, and half-life of 3.07 and 3.34 days. The estimated hazard index value found more than one at a day after dimethoate application. It is not safe for consumer health to use curry leaves in the initial days after application. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnamma Pasar
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Pallavi Ms
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Harischandra Naik R
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Devaraj M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Nandini P
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Bheemanna M
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Badariprasad P R
- Pesticide Residue and Food Quality Analysis Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584 104, India
| | - Paramasivam M
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 003, India
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Chandrasekar R, Sivagami B, Eswarisai M, Nandini P, Pallavi Y, Sai Dikshitha P, Shirisha V, Yamini Y. Analytical method validation for related substances in sodium valproate oral solution by gas chromatography. Futur J Pharm Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sodium Valproate is the sodium salt of valproic acid (VPA). Valproic acid is mainly used for the treatment of epilepsy. The specific aim of the study is to develop and validate an optimized method for the determination of six related substances such as N,N-dimethyl valpronamide, valeric acid, 2-methyl valeric acid, 2-ethyl valeric acid, 2-isopropyl valeric acid and 2-n-butyl valeric acid in Sodium Valproate Oral Solution by Gas Chromatography. Chromatographic separations of these six related substances were achieved on DB-FFAP fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.53 mm) bonded with a 0.5-µm layer of macrogol 20,000 2-nitroterephthalate materials used as stationary phase. The six related impurities were extracted using heptane and monitored by Gas Chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector. The performance of the developed method was assessed by evaluating system suitability, method precision, specificity, linearity and range, ruggedness, accuracy, robustness.
Results
The correlation coefficient was within the acceptance criteria in the range of 0.9998. The evaluated concentrations for Sodium Valproate were in the ranges of 5.05–25.27 ppm. The average recovery values were in the range of 92.4–100.4%. Solution Stability experiments were performed to evaluate the degradation behavior of SVS.
Conclusion
A novel, precise and sensitive GC method was developed, validated and optimized for the determination of six related substances in sodium Valproate oral solution. The results obtained from the validation experiments demonstrated that the method is accurate, precise, linear, specific, sensitive and robust. Hence, the proposed method can be an alternative method, for the determination of related substances in sodium valproate oral solution drug substance.
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Nandini P, Ganesh PS, Girija ASS, Priyadharshini JV. In silico Analysis of Plant Based Quorum Sensing Inhibitor against Chromobacterium violaceum CviR. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i48b33284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum), a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporing coccobacillus has a quorum-sensing system consisting of CviI/CviR, a homologous gene. Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism of intercellular communication in bacteria that received substantial attention as an alternate strategy for combating bacterial resistance and the development of new anti-infective agents.
Methods: DATA SET Information of photochemical from the natural source deposited as a machine readable format in PubChem database was utilized to retrieve the compound for the study. To study ligand - receptor interactions, docking paves way to accomplish the protein ligand interaction was docked through rigid docking CviR protein (PDB ID: 3QP5) was prepared and energy minimized to evaluate the best affinity among the complex.
Results: The results showed that the Alpha.,2.Alpha.- Epoxy-1.Beta.- Methyl Cholesta-4,6- Dien-3-One had high affinity for CviR receptor protein and Alpha.,2.Alpha.- Epoxy-1.Beta.- Methyl Cholesta-4,6- Dien-3-One binds to the active site of CviR with binding energy of -9.6 kcal/mol.
Conclusion: Overall study concluded that 1. Alpha., 2. Alpha.- Epoxy-1.Beta.-Methyl Cholesta-4,6-Dien-3-One with highest binding affinity for the CviR protein possessing strong inhibitory binding interaction. Hence, we concluded that 1.Alpha.,2.Alpha.-Epoxy-1.Beta.- Methyl Cholesta-4, 6-Dien-3-One good serves as potential an anti-quorum sensing molecule for treating C. violaceum infection.
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van Eijk AM, Choubey S, Barla P, Haque MA, Nandini P, Acharya S, Sullivan SA, Mohanty S, Satpathi S, Carlton JM. Malaria in Sundargarh district, Odisha, India: Epidemiological and behavioral aspects from surveys. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105647. [PMID: 32735794 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To characterize malaria and assist in prevention efforts, we conducted a series of epidemiological studies in Sundargarh district, India, as part of an NIH-funded International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research. In a published survey around Rourkela in 2013-2014 (N = 1307), malaria prevalence was found to be 8.3%. Using these data, villages were divided into low (<2%), medium (2-10%) and high (>10%) malaria prevalence, and risk factors assessed by type of village. In the six low malaria villages, four persons were positive by PCR; in the four medium malaria villages, prevalence was 7% (35 infections, 7 P. vivax); and in the three high malaria villages, prevalence was 21% (62 infections, 10 P. vivax and 5 mixed with P. vivax and P. falciparum). A total of 30.6% infections were submicroscopic and 40.6% were asymptomatic. Our analyses showed that the rainy season and male gender were risk factors for malaria; in high malaria villages, young age was an additional risk factor, and indoor and outdoor spraying was protective compared to no spraying. We undertook a subsequent behavioral survey in four of the medium and high malaria villages in 2017 to investigate the behavioral aspects of malaria risk. Among 500 participants in 237 households, adult men (15+ years) were more likely to be outside in the evening (34.5% vs. 7.9% among adult women 15+ years and 0.7% among children, p < 0.001), or to sleep outside (7.5% vs. 0.5% and 0%, respectively, p < 0.001). Although women were more likely to get up before 6 a.m. (86.6%, vs. 70.5% among men, 50.7% among children, p < 0.001), men were more likely to be outside in the early morning (77.6% among men, 11.2% among women, and 11.1% among children, p < 0.001). More children used insecticide treated nets the previous night (73.4%) than men (45.6%) or women (39.6%), and repellents were used by 29.5% of 234 households (insecticide creams were not used at all). Malaria control and elimination in India will need local approaches, and the promotion of repellent cream use by at-risk groups could be further explored in addition to mass-screen or treat programs in high-risk villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria van Eijk
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Sandhya Choubey
- Jigyansha, International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Sector 1 Health Center, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Punam Barla
- Jigyansha, International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Sector 1 Health Center, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Mohammed A Haque
- Jigyansha, International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Sector 1 Health Center, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - P Nandini
- Jigyansha, International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Sector 1 Health Center, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Acharya
- Jigyansha, International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Sector 1 Health Center, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Steven A Sullivan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Sanjib Mohanty
- Jigyansha, International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Sector 1 Health Center, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Satpathi
- Jigyansha, International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Sector 1 Health Center, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Jane M Carlton
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Rao PN, van Eijk AM, Choubey S, Ali SZ, Dash A, Barla P, Oraon RR, Patel G, Nandini P, Acharya S, Mohanty S, Carlton JM, Satpathi S. Dengue, chikungunya, and scrub typhus are important etiologies of non-malarial febrile illness in Rourkela, Odisha, India. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:572. [PMID: 31269906 PMCID: PMC6607595 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a diagnostic surveillance study to identify Plasmodium, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Orientia tsutsugamushi infections among febrile patients who underwent triage for malaria in the outpatient department at Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India. METHODS Febrile patients were enrolled from January 2016-January 2017. Blood smears and small volumes or vacutainers of blood were collected from study participants to carry out diagnostic assays. Malaria was diagnosed using rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), microscopy, and PCR. Dengue, chikungunya, and scrub typhus infections were identified using rapid diagnostic test kits and ELISA. RESULTS Nine hundred and fifty-four patients were prospectively enrolled in our study. The majority of patients were male (58.4%) and more than 15 years of age (66.4%). All 954 enrollees underwent additional testing for malaria; a subset of enrollees (293/954) that had larger volumes of plasma available was also tested for dengue, chikungunya and scrub typhus by either RDT or ELISA or both tests. Fifty-four of 954 patients (5.7%) were positive for malaria by RDT, or microscopy, or PCR. Seventy-four of 293 patients (25.3%) tested positive for dengue by either RDT or ELISA, and 17 of 293 patients (5.8%) tested positive for chikungunya-specific IgM by either ELISA or RDT. Ten of 287 patients tested (3.5%) were positive for scrub typhus by ELISA specific for scrub typhus IgM. Seventeen patients among 290 (5.9%) with results for ≥3 infections tested positive for more than one infection. Patients with scrub typhus and chikungunya had high rates of co-infection: of the 10 patients positive for scrub typhus, six were positive for dengue (p = 0.009), and five of 17 patients positive for chikungunya (by RDT or ELISA) were also diagnosed with malaria (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Dengue, chikungunya and scrub typhus are important etiologies of non-malarial febrile illness in Rourkela, Odisha, and comorbidity should be considered. Routine febrile illness surveillance is required to accurately establish the prevalence of these infections in this region, to offer timely treatment, and to implement appropriate methods of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra N Rao
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,, Present Address: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Maria van Eijk
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandhya Choubey
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Syed Zeeshan Ali
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Aditee Dash
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Punam Barla
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Rajshri Rani Oraon
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Gautam Patel
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - P Nandini
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Subrata Acharya
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjib Mohanty
- Center for the Study of Complex Malaria in India, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Jane M Carlton
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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