Differentiating Females with Rett Syndrome and Those with Multi-Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Physiological Biomarkers: A Novel Approach

This study explored the use of wearable sensor technology to investigate autonomic function in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Rett syndrome (RTT). We aimed to identify autonomic biomarkers that can correctly differentiate females with ASD and Rett Syndrome using an innovative methodology that applies machine learning approaches. Our findings suggest that we can predict (95%) the status of ASD/Rett. We conclude that physiological biomarkers may be able to assist in the differentiation between patients with RTT and ASD and could allow the development of timely therapeutic strategies.

Pharmacokinetic Profile and Efficacy of a Fentanyl Transdermal Delivery System for Acute Postoperative Pain after Intra-abdominal Gynecologic Surgery for Cancer

PURPOSE

This prospective, randomized, single-blind study evaluated the efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of a transdermal delivery system for fentanyl to provide relief of acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing intra-abdominal gynecologic surgery for cancer.

METHODS

Forty female patients were randomized to either transdermal fentanyl 50 microg/hour (n = 20) or transdermal placebo (n = 20). Transdermal systems were placed 1 hour preoperatively and removed 25 hours later. Pain control was supplemented with a nonopioid drug, bupivacaine 0.125-0.25%, administered through an epidural catheter via patient-controlled epidural analgesia. Serum fentanyl concentrations, bupivacaine consumption, pain scores [visual analog scale (VAS)], sedation rating score, adverse events, and physiological parameters were recorded for 48 hours postoperatively.

RESULTS

The minimum effective concentration of fentanyl in serum (0.63 ng/mL) was achieved at 11.3 +/- 4.9 hours after application, and serum concentrations remained above this level until 13 hours after removal. The TTS-F group had lower VAS pain scores and a significant 66% reduction in utilization of bupivacaine compared with placebo. Pain scores were significantly correlated with serum fentanyl concentration (P = 0.025). All physiological parameters fluctuated within normal range and no differences were observed between treatments. Adverse events were similar between the groups with only the incidence of local erythema significantly higher in the TTS-F group (30% vs. 5%, P < 0.05), and sedation scores were significantly higher in the TTS-F group during the immediate postoperative period.

CONCLUSION

The transdermal therapeutic system for administration of fentanyl, combined with epidural administration of a nonopioid analgesic such as bupivacaine is effective in controlling postoperative pain after gynecologic surgery. Additionally, the safety/tolerability of this regimen was similar to placebo plus bupivacaine.