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Petrocelli JJ, de Hart NM, Lang MJ, Yee EM, Ferrara PJ, Fix DK, Chaix A, Funai K, Drummond MJ. Cellular senescence and disrupted proteostasis induced by myotube atrophy are prevented with low-dose metformin and leucine cocktail. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1808-1832. [PMID: 36947713 PMCID: PMC10085594 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging coincides with the accumulation of senescent cells within skeletal muscle that produce inflammatory products, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, but the relationship of senescent cells to muscle atrophy is unclear. Previously, we found that a metformin + leucine (MET+LEU) treatment had synergistic effects in aged mice to improve skeletal muscle structure and function during disuse atrophy. Therefore, the study's purpose was to determine the mechanisms by which MET+LEU exhibits muscle atrophy protection in vitro and if this occurs through cellular senescence. C2C12 myoblasts differentiated into myotubes were used to determine MET+LEU mechanisms during atrophy. Additionally, aged mouse single myofibers and older human donor primary myoblasts were individually isolated to determine the translational potential of MET+LEU on muscle cells. MET+LEU (25 + 125 μM) treatment increased myotube differentiation and prevented myotube atrophy. Low concentration (0.1 + 0.5 μM) MET+LEU had unique effects to prevent muscle atrophy and increase transcripts related to protein synthesis and decrease transcripts related to protein breakdown. Myotube atrophy resulted in dysregulated proteostasis that was reversed with MET+LEU and individually with proteasome inhibition (MG-132). Inflammatory and cellular senescence transcriptional pathways and respective transcripts were increased following myotube atrophy yet reversed with MET+LEU treatment. Dasatinib + quercetin (D+Q) senolytic prevented myotube atrophy similar to MET+LEU. Finally, MET+LEU prevented loss in myotube size in alternate in vitro models of muscle atrophy as well as in aged myofibers while, in human primary myotubes, MET+LEU prevented reductions in myonuclei fusion. These data support that MET+LEU has skeletal muscle cell-autonomous properties to prevent atrophy by reversing senescence and improving proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Naomi M.M.P. de Hart
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marisa J. Lang
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Elena M. Yee
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Patrick J. Ferrara
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dennis K. Fix
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Micah J. Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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de Hart NM, Mahmassani ZS, Reidy PT, Kelley JJ, McKenzie AI, Petrocelli JJ, Bridge MJ, Baird LM, Bastian ED, Ward LS, Howard MT, Drummond MJ. Acute Effects of Cheddar Cheese Consumption on Circulating Amino Acids and Human Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2021; 13:614. [PMID: 33668674 PMCID: PMC7917914 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheddar cheese is a protein-dense whole food and high in leucine content. However, no information is known about the acute blood amino acid kinetics and protein anabolic effects in skeletal muscle in healthy adults. Therefore, we conducted a crossover study in which men and women (n = 24; ~27 years, ~23 kg/m2) consumed cheese (20 g protein) or an isonitrogenous amount of milk. Blood and skeletal muscle biopsies were taken before and during the post absorptive period following ingestion. We evaluated circulating essential and non-essential amino acids, insulin, and free fatty acids and examined skeletal muscle anabolism by mTORC1 cellular localization, intracellular signaling, and ribosomal profiling. We found that cheese ingestion had a slower yet more sustained branched-chain amino acid circulation appearance over the postprandial period peaking at ~120 min. Cheese also modestly stimulated mTORC1 signaling and increased membrane localization. Using ribosomal profiling we found that, though both milk and cheese stimulated a muscle anabolic program associated with mTORC1 signaling that was more evident with milk, mTORC1 signaling persisted with cheese while also inducing a lower insulinogenic response. We conclude that Cheddar cheese induced a sustained blood amino acid and moderate muscle mTORC1 response yet had a lower glycemic profile compared to milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M.M.P. de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Ziad S. Mahmassani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (Z.S.M.); (J.J.K.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Paul T. Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, 420 S Oak St., Oxford, OH 45056, USA;
| | - Joshua J. Kelley
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (Z.S.M.); (J.J.K.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Alec I. McKenzie
- Geoge E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, 500 Foothill Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA;
| | - Jonathan J. Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (Z.S.M.); (J.J.K.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Michael J. Bridge
- Cell Imaging Facility, University of Utah, 30 N 2030 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Lisa M. Baird
- Department of Human Genetics, 15 N 2030 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.M.B.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Eric D. Bastian
- Dairy West Innovation Partnerships, 195 River Vista Place #306, Twin Falls, ID 83301, USA;
| | - Loren S. Ward
- Glanbia Nutritionals Research, 450 Falls Avenue #255, Twin Falls, ID 83301, USA;
| | - Michael T. Howard
- Department of Human Genetics, 15 N 2030 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (L.M.B.); (M.T.H.)
| | - Micah J. Drummond
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, 250 S 1850 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (Z.S.M.); (J.J.K.); (J.J.P.)
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