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Ianevski A, Zusinaite E, Shtaida N, Kallio-Kokko H, Valkonen M, Kantele A, Telling K, Lutsar I, Letjuka P, Metelitsa N, Oksenych V, Dumpis U, Vitkauskiene A, Stašaitis K, Öhrmalm C, Bondeson K, Bergqvist A, Cox RJ, Tenson T, Merits A, Kainov DE. Low Temperature and Low UV Indexes Correlated with Peaks of Influenza Virus Activity in Northern Europe during 2010⁻2018. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030207. [PMID: 30832226 PMCID: PMC6466003 DOI: 10.3390/v11030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing pace of global warming, it is important to understand the role of meteorological factors in influenza virus (IV) epidemics. In this study, we investigated the impact of temperature, UV index, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation on IV activity in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during 2010–2018. Both correlation and machine learning analyses revealed that low temperature and UV indexes were the most predictive meteorological factors for IV epidemics in Northern Europe. Our in vitro experiments confirmed that low temperature and UV radiation preserved IV infectivity. Associations between these meteorological factors and IV activity could improve surveillance and promote development of accurate predictive models for future influenza outbreaks in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eva Zusinaite
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | | | - Miia Valkonen
- Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anu Kantele
- Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kaidi Telling
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Irja Lutsar
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | | | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Uga Dumpis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, 1067 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Astra Vitkauskiene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Science, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Kestutis Stašaitis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Christina Öhrmalm
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75309 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kåre Bondeson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75309 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anders Bergqvist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75309 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rebecca J Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway.
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
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Pal-Nath D, Didi-Cohen S, Shtaida N, Nath PR, Samani T, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. Improved productivity and oxidative stress tolerance under nitrogen starvation is associated with the ablated Δ5 desaturation in the green microalga Lobosphaera incisa. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shtaida N, Khozin-Goldberg I, Boussiba S. The role of pyruvate hub enzymes in supplying carbon precursors for fatty acid synthesis in photosynthetic microalgae. Photosynth Res 2015; 125:407-22. [PMID: 25846135 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are currently the focus of basic and applied research due to an ever-growing interest in renewable energy resources. This review discusses the role of carbon-unit supply for the production of acetyl-CoA, a direct precursor of fatty acid biosynthesis and the primary building block of the growing acyl chains for the purpose of triacylglycerol (TAG) production in photosynthetic microalgae under stressful conditions. It underscores the importance of intraplastidic acetyl-CoA generation for storage lipid accumulation. The main focus is placed on two enzymatic steps linking the central carbon metabolism and fatty acid synthesis, namely the reactions catalyzed by the plastidic isoform of pyruvate kinase and the chloroplastic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Alternative routes for plastidic acetyl-CoA synthesis are also reviewed. A separate section is devoted to recent advances in functional genomics studies related to fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassia Shtaida
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes of Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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Tourasse NJ, Shtaida N, Khozin-Goldberg I, Boussiba S, Vallon O. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the green microalga Lobosphaera (Parietochloris) incisa reveals a new type of palindromic repetitive repeat. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:580. [PMID: 26238519 PMCID: PMC4524435 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lobosphaera incisa, formerly known as Myrmecia incisa and then Parietochloris incisa, is an oleaginous unicellular green alga belonging to the class Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta). It is the richest known plant source of arachidonic acid, an ω-6 poly-unsaturated fatty acid valued by the pharmaceutical and baby-food industries. It is therefore an organism of high biotechnological interest, and we recently reported the sequence of its chloroplast genome. Results We now report the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of L. incisa from high-throughput Illumina short-read sequencing. The circular chromosome of 69,997 bp is predicted to encode a total of 64 genes, some harboring specific self-splicing group I and group II introns. Overall, the gene content is highly similar to that of the mitochondrial genomes of other Trebouxiophyceae, with 34 protein-coding, 3 rRNA, and 27 tRNA genes. Genes are distributed in two clusters located on different DNA strands, a bipartite arrangement that suggests expression from two divergent promoters yielding polycistronic primary transcripts. The L. incisa mitochondrial genome contains families of intergenic dispersed DNA repeat sequences that are not shared with other known mitochondrial genomes of Trebouxiophyceae. The most peculiar feature of the genome is a repetitive palindromic repeat, the LIMP (L. Incisa Mitochondrial Palindrome), found 19 times in the genome. It is formed by repetitions of an AACCA pentanucleotide, followed by an invariant 7-nt loop and a complementary repeat of the TGGTT motif. Analysis of the genome sequencing reads indicates that the LIMP can be a substrate for large-scale genomic rearrangements. We speculate that LIMPs can act as origins of replication. Deep sequencing of the L. incisa transcriptome also suggests that the LIMPs with long stems are sites of transcript processing. The genome also contains five copies of a related palindromic repeat, the HyLIMP, with a 10-nt motif related to that of the LIMP. Conclusions The mitochondrial genome of L. incisa encodes a unique type of repetitive palindromic repeat sequence, the LIMP, which can mediate genome rearrangements and play a role in mitochondrial gene expression. Experimental studies are needed to confirm and further characterize the functional role(s) of the LIMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Tourasse
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS 7141 - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. .,Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, FRC CNRS 550, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. .,ARNA Laboratory, INSERM UMR 869, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Nastassia Shtaida
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Olivier Vallon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS 7141 - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Shtaida N, Khozin-Goldberg I, Solovchenko A, Chekanov K, Didi-Cohen S, Leu S, Cohen Z, Boussiba S. Downregulation of a putative plastid PDC E1α subunit impairs photosynthetic activity and triacylglycerol accumulation in nitrogen-starved photoautotrophic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:6563-76. [PMID: 25210079 PMCID: PMC4246187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (cpPDC) catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate forming acetyl-CoA, an immediate primer for the initial reactions of de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis. Little is known about the source of acetyl-CoA in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic microalgae, which are capable of producing high amounts of the storage lipid triacylglycerol (TAG) under conditions of nutrient stresses. We generated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-1618 mutants with decreased expression of the PDC2_E1α gene, encoding the putative chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit E1α, using artificial microRNA. A comparative study on the effects of PDC2_E1α silencing on FAs and TAG production in C. reinhardtii, grown photoautotrophically and mixotrophically, with and without a nitrogen source in the nutrient medium, was carried out. Reduced expression of PDC2 _E1α led to a severely hampered photoautotrophic growth phenotype with drastic impairment in TAG accumulation under nitrogen deprivation. In the presence of acetate, downregulation of PDC2_E1α exerted little to no effect on TAG production and photosynthetic activity. In contrast, under photoautotrophic conditions, especially in the absence of a nitrogen source, a dramatic decline in photosynthetic oxygen evolution and photosystem II quantum yield against a background of the apparent over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron chain was recorded. Our results suggest an essential role of cpPDC in the supply of carbon precursors for de novo FA synthesis in microalgae under conditions of photoautotrophy. A shortage of this supply is detrimental to the nitrogen-starvation-induced synthesis of storage TAG, an important carbon and energy sink in stressed Chlamydomonas cells, thereby impairing the acclimation ability of the microalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassia Shtaida
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119234, GSP-1 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Chekanov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 119234, GSP-1 Moscow, Russia
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Stefan Leu
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Zvi Cohen
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel
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Tourasse NJ, Barbi T, Waterhouse JC, Shtaida N, Leu S, Boussiba S, Purton S, Vallon O. The complete sequence of the chloroplast genome of the green microalga Lobosphaera (Parietochloris) incisa. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:2073-5. [PMID: 25423517 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.982562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We hereby report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of the green unicellular alga Lobosphaera (Parietochloris) incisa (strain SAG 2468). The genome consists of a circular chromosome of 156,028 bp, which is 72% A-T rich and does not contain a large rRNA-encoding inverted repeat. It is predicted to encode a total of 111 genes including 78 protein-coding, three rRNA, and 30 tRNA genes. The genome sequence also carries a self-splicing group I intron and a group II intron remnant. Overall, the gene and intron content of the L. incisa chloroplast genome is highly similar to that of other species of Trebouxiophyceae. In contrast, the L. incisa chloroplast genome harbors 88 copies of various intergenic dispersed DNA repeat sequences that are all unique to L. incisa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Tourasse
- a Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS 7141 - Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France
| | - Tommaso Barbi
- b Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London , London , UK , and
| | - Janet C Waterhouse
- b Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London , London , UK , and
| | - Nastassia Shtaida
- c Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Midreshet Ben-Gurion , Israel
| | - Stefan Leu
- c Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Midreshet Ben-Gurion , Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- c Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Midreshet Ben-Gurion , Israel
| | - Saul Purton
- b Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London , London , UK , and
| | - Olivier Vallon
- a Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR CNRS 7141 - Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France
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