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Shabalina IG, Edgar D, Gibanova N, Kalinovich AV, Petrovic N, Vyssokikh MY, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Enhanced ROS Production in Mitochondria from Prematurely Aging mtDNA Mutator Mice. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2024; 89:279-298. [PMID: 38622096 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
An increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and an ensuing increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been suggested to be a cause of the aging process ("the mitochondrial hypothesis of aging"). In agreement with this, mtDNA-mutator mice accumulate a large amount of mtDNA mutations, giving rise to defective mitochondria and an accelerated aging phenotype. However, incongruously, the rates of ROS production in mtDNA mutator mitochondria have generally earlier been reported to be lower - not higher - than in wildtype, thus apparently invalidating the "mitochondrial hypothesis of aging". We have here re-examined ROS production rates in mtDNA-mutator mice mitochondria. Using traditional conditions for measuring ROS (succinate in the absence of rotenone), we indeed found lower ROS in the mtDNA-mutator mitochondria compared to wildtype. This ROS mainly results from reverse electron flow driven by the membrane potential, but the membrane potential reached in the isolated mtDNA-mutator mitochondria was 33 mV lower than that in wildtype mitochondria, due to the feedback inhibition of succinate oxidation by oxaloacetate, and to a lower oxidative capacity in the mtDNA-mutator mice, explaining the lower ROS production. In contrast, in normal forward electron flow systems (pyruvate (or glutamate) + malate or palmitoyl-CoA + carnitine), mitochondrial ROS production was higher in the mtDNA-mutator mitochondria. Particularly, even during active oxidative phosphorylation (as would be ongoing physiologically), higher ROS rates were seen in the mtDNA-mutator mitochondria than in wildtype. Thus, when examined under physiological conditions, mitochondrial ROS production rates are indeed increased in mtDNA-mutator mitochondria. While this does not prove the validity of the mitochondrial hypothesis of aging, it may no longer be said to be negated in this respect. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Vladimir P. Skulachev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Edgar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Natalia Gibanova
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Anastasia V Kalinovich
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Mikhail Yu Vyssokikh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.
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Shabalina IG, Vyssokikh MY, Gibanova N, Csikasz RI, Edgar D, Hallden-Waldemarson A, Rozhdestvenskaya Z, Bakeeva LE, Vays VB, Pustovidko AV, Skulachev MV, Cannon B, Skulachev VP, Nedergaard J. Improved health-span and lifespan in mtDNA mutator mice treated with the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant SkQ1. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:315-339. [PMID: 28209927 PMCID: PMC5361666 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MtDNA mutator mice exhibit marked features of premature aging. We find that these mice treated from age of ≈100 days with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 showed a delayed appearance of traits of aging such as kyphosis, alopecia, lowering of body temperature, body weight loss, as well as ameliorated heart, kidney and liver pathologies. These effects of SkQ1 are suggested to be related to an alleviation of the effects of an enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in mtDNA mutator mice: the increased mitochondrial ROS released due to mitochondrial mutations probably interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiolipin, releasing malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal that form protein adducts and thus diminishes mitochondrial functions. SkQ1 counteracts this as it scavenges mitochondrial ROS. As the results, the normal mitochondrial ultrastructure is preserved in liver and heart; the phosphorylation capacity of skeletal muscle mitochondria as well as the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue is also improved. The SkQ1-treated mice live significantly longer (335 versus 290 days). These data may be relevant in relation to treatment of mitochondrial diseases particularly and the process of aging in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Shabalina
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Yu Vyssokikh
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Gibanova
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert I Csikasz
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Edgar
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,Present address: Buck Institute for research on aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Anne Hallden-Waldemarson
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zinaida Rozhdestvenskaya
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lora E Bakeeva
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria B Vays
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Antonina V Pustovidko
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim V Skulachev
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Barbara Cannon
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir P Skulachev
- The Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Shabalina IG, Landreh L, Edgar D, Hou M, Gibanova N, Atanassova N, Petrovic N, Hultenby K, Söder O, Nedergaard J, Svechnikov K. Leydig cell steroidogenesis unexpectedly escapes mitochondrial dysfunction in prematurely aging mice. FASEB J 2015; 29:3274-86. [PMID: 25900807 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-271825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Point mutations and deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulate in tissues during aging in animals and humans and are the basis for mitochondrial diseases. Testosterone synthesis occurs in the mitochondria of Leydig cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction (as induced here experimentally in mtDNA mutator mice that carry a proofreading-deficient form of mtDNA polymerase γ, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in all cells types so far studied) would therefore be expected to lead to low testosterone levels. Although mtDNA mutator mice showed a dramatic reduction in testicle weight (only 15% remaining) and similar decreases in number of spermatozoa, testosterone levels in mtDNA mutator mice were unexpectedly fully unchanged. Leydig cell did not escape mitochondrial damage (only 20% of complex I and complex IV remaining) and did show high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (>5-fold increased), and permeabilized cells demonstrated absence of normal mitochondrial function. Nevertheless, within intact cells, mitochondrial membrane potential remained high, and testosterone production was maintained. This implies development of a compensatory mechanism. A rescuing mechanism involving electrons from the pentose phosphate pathway transferred via a 3-fold up-regulated cytochrome b5 to cytochrome c, allowing for mitochondrial energization, is suggested. Thus, the Leydig cells escape mitochondrial dysfunction via a unique rescue pathway. Such a pathway, bypassing respiratory chain dysfunction, may be of relevance with regard to mitochondrial disease therapy and to managing ageing in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Shabalina
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luise Landreh
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Edgar
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mi Hou
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natalia Gibanova
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nina Atanassova
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olle Söder
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Konstantin Svechnikov
- *Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Astrid Lindgren's Children Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; and Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria
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