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Shestakova LN, Lyubova TS, Lermontova SA, Belotelov AO, Peskova NN, Klapshina LG, Balalaeva IV, Shilyagina NY. Comparative Analysis of Tetra(2-naphthyl)tetracyano-porphyrazine and Its Iron Complex as Photosensitizers for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122655. [PMID: 36559148 PMCID: PMC9786040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a rapidly developing modality of primary and adjuvant anticancer treatment. The main trends today are the search for new effective photodynamic agents and the creation of targeted delivery systems with the function of controlling the release of the agent in the tumor. Recently, the new group of cyanoarylporphyrazine dyes was reported, which combine the properties of photosensitizers and sensors of the local microenvironment. Such unique characteristics allow the release of the photosensitizer from the transport carrier to be assessed in real time in vivo. The aim of the present work was to compare the photophysical and photobiological properties of tetra(2-naphthyl)tetracyanoporphyrazine and its newly synthesized Fe(II) complex. We have shown that the chelation of the Fe(II) cation with the porphyrazine macrocycle leads to a decrease in molar extinction and an increase in the quantum yield of fluorescence and photostability. We demonstrate that the iron cation significantly affects the rate of dye accumulation in cells, the dark toxicity and photodynamic activity, and the direction of the changes depends on the particular cell line. However, in all the cases, the photodynamic index of a metal complex was higher than that of a metal-free base. In general, both of the compounds were found to be very promising for PDT, including for the use with transport delivery systems, and can be recommended for further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia N. Shestakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Tatyana S. Lyubova
- Razuvaev Institute of Organomettalic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Tropinina, 49, 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Lermontova
- Razuvaev Institute of Organomettalic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Tropinina, 49, 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Artem O. Belotelov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nina N. Peskova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Larisa G. Klapshina
- Razuvaev Institute of Organomettalic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Tropinina, 49, 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina V. Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Y. Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Balalaeva IV, Mishchenko TA, Turubanova VD, Peskova NN, Shilyagina NY, Plekhanov VI, Lermontova SA, Klapshina LG, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Cyanoarylporphyrazines with High Viscosity Sensitivity: A Step towards Dosimetry-Assisted Photodynamic Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195816. [PMID: 34641360 PMCID: PMC8510116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant relevance of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an efficient strategy for primary and adjuvant anticancer treatment, several challenges compromise its efficiency. In order to develop an "ideal photosensitizer" and the requirements applied to photosensitizers for PDT, there is still a need for new photodynamic agents with improved photophysical and photobiological properties. In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of two tetracyanotetra(aryl)porphyrazine dyes with 4-biphenyl (pz II) and 4-diethylaminophenyl (pz IV) groups in the periphery of the porphyrazine macrocycle. Photophysical properties, namely, fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime of both photosensitizers, demonstrate extremely high dependence on the viscosity of the environment, which enables them to be used as viscosity sensors. PzII and pz IV easily enter cancer cells and efficiently induce cell death under light irradiation. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, we demonstrated the possibility of assessing local intracellular viscosity and visualizing viscosity changes driven by PDT treatment with the compounds. Thus, pz II and pz IV combine the features of potent photodynamic agents and viscosity sensors. These data suggest that the unique properties of the compounds provide a tool for PDT dosimetry and tailoring the PDT treatment regimen to the individual characteristics of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Balalaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.V.B.); (N.N.P.); (N.Y.S.)
| | - Tatiana A. Mishchenko
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.M.); (V.D.T.); (M.V.V.)
- Department of Basic and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victoria D. Turubanova
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.M.); (V.D.T.); (M.V.V.)
- Department of Basic and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nina N. Peskova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.V.B.); (N.N.P.); (N.Y.S.)
| | - Natalia Y. Shilyagina
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.V.B.); (N.N.P.); (N.Y.S.)
| | - Vladimir I. Plekhanov
- Department of Radiophysical Methods in Medicine, Federal Research Center Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ul’yanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Svetlana A. Lermontova
- Sector of Chromophors for Medicine, G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin st., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.L.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Larisa G. Klapshina
- Sector of Chromophors for Medicine, G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin st., 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.A.L.); (L.G.K.)
| | - Maria V. Vedunova
- Department of Neurotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.M.); (V.D.T.); (M.V.V.)
- Department of Basic and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- Department of Basic and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory (CDIT), Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, Building B3, 4th Floor, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya st., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-3396
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Alzeibak R, Mishchenko TA, Shilyagina NY, Balalaeva IV, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Targeting immunogenic cancer cell death by photodynamic therapy: past, present and future. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001926. [PMID: 33431631 PMCID: PMC7802670 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed major breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy. This development has been largely motivated by cancer cell evasion of immunological control and consequent tumor resistance to conventional therapies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is considered one of the most promising ways to achieve total tumor cell elimination. It activates the T-cell adaptive immune response and results in the formation of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anticancer treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, we first discuss the role of PDT based on several classes of photosensitizers, including porphyrins and non-porphyrins, and critically evaluate their potential role in ICD induction. We emphasize the emerging trend of ICD induction by PDT in combination with nanotechnology, which represents third-generation photosensitizers and involves targeted induction of ICD by PDT. However, PDT also has some limitations, including the reduced efficiency of ICD induction in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we critically evaluate strategies for overcoming this limitation, which is essential for increasing PDT efficiency. In the final part, we suggest several areas for future research for personalized cancer immunotherapy, including strategies based on oxygen-boosted PDT and nanoparticles. In conclusion, the insights from the last several years increasingly support the idea that PDT is a powerful strategy for inducing ICD in experimental cancer therapy. However, most studies have focused on mouse models, but it is necessary to validate this strategy in clinical settings, which will be a challenging research area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Alzeibak
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Y Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory (CDIT), Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Guryev EL, Shilyagina NY, Kostyuk AB, Sencha LM, Balalaeva IV, Vodeneev VA, Kutova OM, Lyubeshkin AV, Yakubovskaya RI, Pankratov AA, Ingel FI, Novik TS, Deyev SM, Ermilov SA, Zvyagin AV. Preclinical Study of Biofunctional Polymer-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:123-132. [PMID: 30985900 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are new-generation photoluminescent nanomaterials gaining considerable recognition in the life sciences due to their unique optical properties that allow high-contrast imaging in cells and tissues. Upconversion nanoparticle applications in optical diagnosis, bioassays, therapeutics, photodynamic therapy, drug delivery, and light-controlled release of drugs are promising, demanding a comprehensive systematic study of their pharmacological properties. We report on production of biofunctional UCNP-based nanocomplexes suitable for optical microscopy and imaging of HER2-positive cells and tumors, as well as on the comprehensive evaluation of their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicological properties using cells and laboratory animals. The nanocomplexes represent a UCNP core/shell structure of the NaYF4:Yb, Er, Tm/NaYF4 composition coated with an amphiphilic alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride with 1-octadecene (PMAO) and conjugated to the Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin 9_29) with high affinity to the HER2 receptor. We demonstrated the specific binding of UCNP-PMAO-DARPin to HER2-positive cancer cells in cultures and xenograft animal models allowing the tumor visualization for at least 24 h. An exhaustive study of the general and specific toxicity of UCNP-PMAO-DARPin including the evaluation of their allergenic, immunotoxic, and reprotoxic properties was carried out. The obtained experimental body of evidence leads to a conclusion that UCNP-PMAO and UCNP-PMAO-DARPin are functional, noncytotoxic, biocompatible, and safe for imaging applications in cells, small animals, and prospective clinical applications of image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii L Guryev
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | | | - Alexey B Kostyuk
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Ludmila M Sencha
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia.,Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Olga M Kutova
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia
| | - Alexander V Lyubeshkin
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Moscow 119333, Russia
| | | | | | - Faina I Ingel
- Center for Strategic Planning, Ministry of Health, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Tamara S Novik
- Research and Production Center "Farmbiomed" LLC, Moscow 129226, Russia
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey A Ermilov
- Scientific and Technological Center "Amplituda" LLC, Moscow 124460, Russia
| | - Andrei V Zvyagin
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russia.,Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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Brilkina AA, Dubasova LV, Sergeeva EA, Pospelov AJ, Shilyagina NY, Shakhova NM, Balalaeva IV. Photobiological properties of phthalocyanine photosensitizers Photosens, Holosens and Phthalosens: A comparative in vitro analysis. J Photochem Photobiol B 2018; 191:128-134. [PMID: 30616037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photobiological properties of phthalocyanine photosensitizers, namely, clinically approved Photosens and new compounds Holosens and Phthalosens were analyzed on transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (T24) and human hepatic adenocarcinoma (SK-HEP-1). Photosens is a sulfated aluminum phthalocyanine with the number of sulfo groups 3.4, which is characterized by a high degree of hydrophilicity, slow cellular uptake, localization in lysosomes and the lowest photodynamic activity. Holosens is an octacholine zinc phthalocyanine, a cationic compound with significant charge. Holosens more efficiently enters the cells; it is localized in Golgi apparatus in addition to lysosomes and exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on cell viability upon irradiation. The highest photodynamic activity was demostrated by Phthalosens. Phthalosens is a metal-free analog of Photosens with a number of sulfo groups 2.5, which determines its amphiphilicity. Phthalosens is characterized by the highest rate of cellular uptake through the outer cell membrane, localization in cell membrane as well as in lysosomes and Golgi apparatus, and the highest activity upon irradiation among the photosensitizers studied. In general, changes in the physicochemical properties of Holosens and Phthalosens ensured an increase in their efficiency in vitro compared to Photosens. The features of accumulation, intracellular distribution and their interrelation with photodynamic activity, revealed in this work, indicate the prospects of Phthalosens and Holosens for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Brilkina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Lubov V Dubasova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Sergeeva
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanova st, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Anton J Pospelov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Natalia Y Shilyagina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Natalia M Shakhova
- Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanova st, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Shilyagina NY, Peskova NN, Lermontova SA, Brilkina AA, Vodeneev VA, Yakimansky AV, Klapshina LG, Balalaeva IV. Effective delivery of porphyrazine photosensitizers to cancer cells by polymer brush nanocontainers. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:1189-1197. [PMID: 27892657 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient drug delivery can be assigned to tasks that attract the most acute attention of researchers in the field of anticancer drug design. We have reported the first case of using amphiphilic polymer brushes as nanocontainers for photosensitizer delivery to cancer cells. Regular graft-copolymers of hydrophobic polyimides with hydrophilic polymethacrylic acid side chains were loaded with photosensitive dye tetra(4-fluorophenyl)tetracyanoporphyrazine (Pz) providing a sufficiently stable homogeneous fraction of fluorescent Pz-loaded nanoparticles with a size of 100-150 nm. Pz-loaded polymer brushes were substantially more efficient for Pz delivery into cells compared with other types of particles examined, Pz-polyethyleneglycol and Pz-methylcellulose. In vivo, an efficient Pz delivery to tumor can also be expected since the Pz-PB particle size is in the optimal range for passive targeting. Pz-PB showed pronounced photodynamic activity, while, that is important, in the absence of irradiation the PB carrier itself was significantly less toxic than the dye itself. Summing up, water-soluble polymer brushes with polyimide backbones and polymethacrylic acid side chains can be regarded as a novel type of nanocontainers providing efficient intracellular drug delivery for photodynamic therapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina N Peskova
- Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Lermontova
- Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anna A Brilkina
- Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Alexander V Yakimansky
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy pr. 31, 199004, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Petrodvorets, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa G Klapshina
- Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Lobachevsky University, Gagarina ave. 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Izquierdo MA, Vyšniauskas A, Lermontova SA, Grigoryev IS, Shilyagina NY, Balalaeva IV, Klapshina LG, Kuimova MK. Dual use of porphyrazines as sensitizers and viscosity markers in photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1089-1096. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01678e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A dual-function photoactive macrocycle enables simultaneous viscosity measurements and photodynamic therapy treatment, allowing the monitoring of PDT progress by FLIM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilya S. Grigoryev
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the RAS
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | | | | | - Larisa G. Klapshina
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the RAS
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
- Nizhny Novgorod
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