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Bayer JK, Prendergast LA, Brown A, Bretherton L, Hiscock H, Nelson-Lowe M, Gilbertson T, Noone K, Bischof N, Beechey C, Muliadi F, Mihalopoulos C, Rapee RM. Prediction of clinical anxious and depressive problems in mid childhood amongst temperamentally inhibited preschool children: a population study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:267-281. [PMID: 34368891 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Shy/inhibited young children are at risk for internalising difficulties; however, for many, this temperamental style does not result in mental health problems. This study followed a population-based sample of temperamentally inhibited preschool children into mid childhood to explore the aetiology of clinical-level anxious and depressive problems. Amongst inhibited preschool children, we aimed to predict each of clinical child anxiety and depressive problems in mid childhood from a broad range of potential risks (demographics, traumatic events and broader recent stressors, parents' well-being, and parenting practices). This study is based on data from a wider population trial of Cool Little Kids that recruited a representative sample of inhibited preschool children enrolled in their year before starting school. In 2011-2012, an inhibition screen was universally distributed to parents of children in their year before school (age 4 years) across eight diverse government areas in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were 545 parents of inhibited preschoolers (78% uptake, 545/703) who were followed to mid childhood (three annual waves 2015-2017, age 7-10 years) with 84% retention (456/545). Parents completed questionnaires spanning child ages 4-10 years, along with diagnostic interviews for child anxiety. Children also completed questionnaires in mid childhood. The questionnaires encompassed a variety of potential risks including sociodemographics, traumatic events, recent life stressors, parent wellbeing and parenting practices. In mid childhood, 57% (246/430) of inhibited preschoolers had a clinical level of anxiety problems while 22% (95/432) had depressive problems (by one or more sources). The aetiology analyses highlighted parent distress and parenting practices (overinvolved/protective, harsh discipline) as key predictors of inhibited preschoolers' internalising problems by mid childhood. Some high-risk families may not have participated. Child depression was not assessed with a diagnostic interview. The measures did not include every possible risk factor. The findings lend support to parenting programs for shy/inhibited young children that aim to prevent the development of anxiety and depression as they grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana K Bayer
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Luke A Prendergast
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy Brown
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lesley Bretherton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margaret Nelson-Lowe
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamsyn Gilbertson
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Noone
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Bischof
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassima Beechey
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fenny Muliadi
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Bayer JK, Brown A, Prendergast LA, Bretherton L, Hiscock H, Mihalopoulos C, Nelson-Lowe M, Gilbertson T, Noone K, Bischof N, Beechey C, Muliadi F, Rapee RM. Follow-up of the Cool Little Kids translational trial into middle childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:88-98. [PMID: 34128236 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health advocates have highlighted internalising problems as a leading cause of global burden of disease. Internalising problems (anxiety/depression) affect up to 20% of school-age children and can impact peer relations, school engagement and later employment and mortality. This translational trial aimed to determine whether a selective/indicated parenting group programme to prevent internalising distress in shy/inhibited preschool children had sustained effects in middle childhood. Translational design aspects were a brief parent-report screening tool for child inhibition offered universally across the population via preschools in the year before school, followed by an invitation to parents of all inhibited children to attend the parenting programme at venues in their local community. METHODS Design of the study was a randomised controlled trial. The setting was 307 preschool services across eight socioeconomically diverse government areas in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were 545 parents of inhibited four-year-old children of which 456 (84%) were retained during middle childhood (age of seven to 10 years). Early intervention was the Cool Little Kids parenting group programme, and control was 'usual care' access to available support services in the community. Primary outcomes were child anxiety and depression symptoms (parent and child report) and DSM-IV anxiety disorders (assessor masked). Secondary outcomes were parenting practices and parent mental health. RESULTS There was no significant difference in anxiety disorders between the intervention and control group during the three annual follow-ups of the cohort in middle childhood (2015 43% vs. 41%, 2016 40% vs. 36%, 2017 27% vs. 30%, respectively; p's > .05). There were also no significant differences in child anxiety or depression symptoms (by child or parent report), parenting practices or parent mental health, between the intervention and control group during middle childhood. However, a priori interaction tests suggested that for children with anxious parents, early intervention attenuated risk for middle childhood internalising problems. CONCLUSIONS An issue for population translation is low levels of parent engagement in preventive interventions. Initial effects of the Cool Little Kids parenting group programme in reducing shy/inhibited preschool children's internalising distress at school entry dissipated over time, perhaps due to low engagement. Future translational research on early prevention of internalising problems could benefit from screening preschool children in the population at higher risk (combining temperamental inhibition and parent distress) and incorporating motivational techniques to facilitate family engagement. Trial registration ISRCTN30996662 http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN30996662.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana K Bayer
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Amy Brown
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Luke A Prendergast
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lesley Bretherton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | | | | | - Kate Noone
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Natalie Bischof
- Eastern Health Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | | | | | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Malone J, Baldelli P, Balter S, Bischof N, Bosmans H, Dowling A, Edyvean S, Gallagher A, Faulkner K, Horner K, Malone L, Mclean ID, O'Connor U, Schreiner A, Vassileva J, Vano E, Zoetelief J. Criteria and suspension levels in diagnostic radiology. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 153:185-189. [PMID: 23173220 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The EC (European Council) Directive on radiation protection of patients requires that criteria for acceptability of equipment in diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy be established throughout the member states. This study reviews the background to this requirement and to its implementation in practice. It notes and considers parallel requirements in the EC medical devices directive and International Electrotechnical Commission standards that it is also important to consider and that both sets of requirements should ideally be harmonised due to the global nature of the equipment industry. The study further reviews the types of criteria that can be well applied for the above purposes, and defines qualitative criteria and suspension levels suitable for application. Both are defined and relationships with other acceptance processes are considered (including acceptance testing at the time of purchase, commissioning and the issue of second-hand equipment). Suspension levels are divided into four types, A, B, C and D, depending on the quality of evidence and consensus they are based on. Exceptional situations involving, for example, new or rapidly evolving technology are also considered. The publication and paper focuses on the role of the holder of the equipment and related staff, particularly the medical physics expert and the practitioner. Advice on how the criteria should be created and implemented is provided for these groups and how this might be coordinated with the supplier. Additional advice on the role of the regulator is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malone
- Trinity College Centre for Health Sciences, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Wombacher L, Bischof N, Christ O. The bilateral effect of visual delay on muscular activity and performance. Int J Psychophysiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sauer J, Darioly A, Mast MS, Schmid PC, Bischof N. A multi-level approach of evaluating crew resource management training: a laboratory-based study examining communication skills as a function of team congruence. Ergonomics 2010; 53:1311-1324. [PMID: 20967655 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2010.519054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The article proposes a multi-level approach for evaluating communication skills training (CST) as an important element of crew resource management (CRM) training. Within this methodological framework, the present work examined the effectiveness of CST in matching or mismatching team compositions with regard to hierarchical status and competence. There is little experimental research that evaluated the effectiveness of CRM training at multiple levels (i.e. reaction, learning, behaviour) and in teams composed of members of different status and competence. An experiment with a two (CST: with vs. without) by two (competence/hierarchical status: congruent vs. incongruent) design was carried out. A total of 64 participants were trained for 2.5 h on a simulated process control environment, with the experimental group being given 45 min of training on receptiveness and influencing skills. Prior to the 1-h experimental session, participants were assigned to two-person teams. The results showed overall support for the use of such a multi-level approach of training evaluation. Stronger positive effects of CST were found for subjective measures than for objective performance measures. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: This work provides some guidance for the use of a multi-level evaluation of CRM training. It also emphasises the need to collect objective performance data for training evaluation in addition to subjective measures with a view to gain a more accurate picture of the benefits of such training approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Nieschler E, Nees B, Bischof N, Fröhlich H, Tiereth W, Voit H. Dependence of the desorption yield for valine on the charge state of the primary ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00337578408215795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nees B, Nieschler E, Bischof N, Duck P, Fröhlich H, Tiereth W, Voit H. Energy dependence of fast heavy ion induced desorption of secondary ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00337578308224725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bischof N. [Murau-Stolzalpe nursing school in Amsterdam]. Osterr Krankenpflegez 1996; 49:46. [PMID: 8718070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Bischof N. [How healthy are the lives of nursing students?]. Osterr Krankenpflegez 1996; 49:34-5. [PMID: 8788714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Bischof
- Krankenpflegeschule Leoben, Expositur Murau/Stolzalpe
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Basrak Z, Tiereth W, Bischof N, Fröhlich H, Nees B, Nieschler E, Voit H. Unambiguous phase-shift analysis of the 12C(12C, alpha 0)20Ne reaction at Coulomb-barrier energies. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1985; 32:910-915. [PMID: 9952919 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.32.910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bischof N. A systems approach toward the functional connections of attachment and fear. Child Dev 1975; 46:801-17. [PMID: 1104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proceeding from J. Bowlby's attachment theory and W.A. Mason's arousal theory, a control model is developed that is capable of accounting for basic processes of mammalian social behavior. In particular, the model simulates the transition from a state of attachment to familiar conspecifics and fear of strangers to a stage of detachment from the familiar and exploration of the stranger. Some of the model's predictions were tested in animal experiments and proved to be in satisfactory correspondence with the behavior actually observed.
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Bischof N, Scharstein H. [Problems in the constructions of apparatus for investigating the constancy of the perceptive field, and a new method for their solution (author's transl)]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1975; 20:62-70. [PMID: 1173555 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1975.20.2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bischof N, Scheerer E. [Systems analysis of optic-vestibular interaction in the perception of verticality]. Psychol Forsch 1970; 34:99-181. [PMID: 5313977 DOI: 10.1007/bf00424543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bischof N, Kramer E. [Investigations and considerations of directional perception during voluntary saccadic eye movements]. Psychol Forsch 1968; 32:185-218. [PMID: 5715146 DOI: 10.1007/bf00418660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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