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Bünger A, Urfer-Maurer N, Grob A. Multimethod Assessment of Attention, Executive Functions, and Motor Skills in Children With and Without ADHD: Children's Performance and Parents' Perceptions. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:596-606. [PMID: 30700232 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718824985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We examined whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ from children without ADHD in attention, executive functions, and motor skills and whether measures of parents' perceptions and children's performance reveal comparable results. Method: About 52 children with ADHD and 52 children without ADHD aged 6 to 13 years completed performance-based measures of attention, executive functions, and motor skills. Parents completed questionnaires to rate their children's skills. Results: Parent questionnaires but not performance-based measures revealed higher inattention and lower executive function skills in children with ADHD compared to controls. For motor skills, both measurement methods revealed lower mean values and a higher number of children showing an impairment in the ADHD group. Parent-reported difficulties but not performance-based measures were related to the presence of an ADHD diagnosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that considering both parent questionnaires and performance-based measures will lead to a comprehensive picture of a child's strengths and difficulties.
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Staub E, Urfer-Maurer N, Lemola S, Risch L, Evers KS, Welzel T, Pfister M. Comparison of Blood Pressure and Kidney Markers between Adolescent Former Preterm Infants and Term Controls. Children (Basel) 2020; 7:E141. [PMID: 32957564 PMCID: PMC7552693 DOI: 10.3390/children7090141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are at an increased risk of developing hypertension and chronic kidney disease later in life. No recommendations exist for blood pressure (BP) and renal follow up for these patients. AIM To compare BP and serum and urinary kidney markers between preterm-born adolescents and term-born controls. METHODS BP measurements in 51 preterm-born (≤32 weeks gestational age) and 82 term-born adolescents at the age of 10-15 years were conducted. Stepwise regression analysis explored the association between BP and participant characteristics. Kidney markers measured in the serum and urine were creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and uromodulin. Kidney markers measured in the serum were cystatin C, beta-2 microglobulin, and beta trace protein. RESULTS Systolic BP was significantly higher in preterm boys compared with term boys, but not in girls, and low birth weight was associated with higher BP in boys. In the preterm group, maternal hypertension/preeclampsia and adolescent height were associated with higher systolic BP. Serum creatinine and NGAL were significantly higher in the preterm group. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms an inverse sex-dependant relationship between birth weight and BP at adolescent age. The higher serum creatinine and NGAL in the preterm group may indicate that premature birth affects kidney function in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Staub
- Department of Neonatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, University of Basel Children’s Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Natalie Urfer-Maurer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Centre for Early Intervention, Department of Education, 4001 Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinische Zentren Dr Risch, 9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein;
| | - Katrina S. Evers
- Department of Neonatology, University of Basel Children’s Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Tatjana Welzel
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University of Basel Children’s Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (T.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Marc Pfister
- Department of Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University of Basel Children’s Hospital, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; (T.W.); (M.P.)
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Lemola S, Gkiouleka A, Urfer-Maurer N, Grob A, Tritten Schwarz K, Meyer-Leu Y. Midwives' engagement in smoking- and alcohol-prevention in prenatal care before and after the introduction of practice guidelines in Switzerland: comparison of survey findings from 2008 and 2018. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 31931742 PMCID: PMC6958580 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy negatively impacts fetal health. Health agencies across countries have developed specific guidelines for health professionals in perinatal care to strengthen their role in smoking and alcohol use prevention. One such example is the “Guideline on Screening and Counselling for prevention of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption before, during, and after pregnancy” introduced by the Swiss Midwives Association in 2011. The current study assesses the changes in midwives’ engagement in smoking and alcohol use prevention before (2008) and after the introduction of the Guideline (2018). Further, the current study examines differences across regions (German vs. French speaking regions), graduation years (before and after the introduction of the Guideline) and different work settings (hospital vs. self-employed). Methods Survey data were collected in 2008 (n = 366) and in 2018 (n = 459). Differences in how midwives engaged in smoking and alcohol use prevention between 2008 and 2018 were assessed with chi-square tests, as were differences across German and French speaking regions, graduation years (before and after the introduction of the Guideline) and across different work settings (working in hospitals or as self-employed). Results An increase in midwives’ awareness of the risks of consuming even small quantities of cigarettes and alcohol for the unborn child between 2008 and 2018 is evident. Explaining the risks to pregnant women who smoke or use alcohol remained the most frequently reported prevention strategy. However, engagement with more extensive smoking and alcohol use preventive strategies across the whole course of pregnancy, such as assisting women in the elaboration of a plan to stop smoking/alcohol use, remained limited. Conclusions Seven years after its introduction, the effectiveness of the Guideline in increasing midwives’ engagement in smoking and alcohol use prevention appears limited despite midwives’ increased awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK, University Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Anna Gkiouleka
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, UK, University Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Natalie Urfer-Maurer
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62, 4055, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Tritten Schwarz
- Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Murtenstrasse 10, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Meyer-Leu
- School of Health Sciences (HESAV), Avenue de Beaumont 21, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Av. de Provence 6, CH-1007, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Urfer-Maurer N, Brand S, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Grob A, Weber P, Lemola S. Correspondence of maternal and paternal perception of school-aged children's sleep with in-home sleep-electroencephalography and diary-reports of children's sleep. Sleep Med 2018; 48:180-186. [PMID: 29960212 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents are often the first to report children's sleep difficulties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of parent reports by examining the correspondence of maternal and paternal reports of children's sleep with in-home electroencephalography (EEG) sleep assessment and sleep diary reports. METHODS A total of 143 children (57 formerly very preterm born children) aged 7-12 years underwent one night of in-home sleep-EEG; mothers and fathers reported children's sleep-related behavior by using the German version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and children and parents together completed a sleep diary of children's sleep. RESULTS Less EEG-derived total sleep time (TST) was associated with increased mother questionnaire reports of sleep duration problems, while less sleep efficiency (SE) and longer sleep onset latency (SOL) were associated with increased mother questionnaire reports of sleep onset delay. For fathers, only longer SOL was related to increased father questionnaire reports of sleep onset delay. The abovementioned associations did not change with children's increasing age and did not differ for boys and girls. More parent questionnaire reports of sleep duration problems, sleep onset delay, and night wakings were related to shorter diary reports of sleep duration, increased sleep latency, and more nocturnal awakenings, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mother questionnaire reports of children's sleep corresponded moderately with objective measures of TST, SE, and SOL assessed with in-home sleep-EEG. Both mother and father questionnaire reports of children's sleep duration problems, sleep onset delay, and night wakings were related to diary reports of children's sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Weber
- University of Basel, University Children's Hospital Basel, Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sakari Lemola
- University of Warwick, Department of Psychology, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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Urfer-Maurer N, Ludyga S, Stalder T, Brand S, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Gerber M, Grob A, Weber P, Lemola S. Heart rate variability and salivary cortisol in very preterm children during school age. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 87:27-34. [PMID: 29035709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a major role in the human stress response and reflects physical and psychological adaptability to a changing environment. Long-term exposure to early life stressors may alter the function of the ANS. The present study examines differences in the ANS between children born very preterm and full-term as well as the association between the ANS and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the other main branch of the human stress system. Fifty-four healthy children born very preterm (<32nd gestational week) and 67 full-term children aged 7-12 years provided data for the present study. Polysomnography (PSG) assessments were obtained during a night at the children's home in lying position at rest (wake) and during different sleep stages (stage 2 sleep, slow wave sleep, rapid-eye-movement sleep). Autonomic function was assessed by use of heart rate variability, specifically low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), total spectral power (Tot Pow), and the LF/HF ratio. HPA axis activity was measured using salivary cortisol the next morning at awakening, 10, 20, and 30min later. Children born very preterm had lower LF/HF ratio during wake and stage 2 sleep compared to full-term children. Moreover, higher LF, Tot Pow, and LF/HF ratio during wake, stage 2 sleep, and REM sleep were related to more post-awakening cortisol secretion. The present study provides evidence on long-term ANS alterations after very preterm birth. Moreover, findings suggest a relation between the ANS and the HPA axis and therefore support the notion of mutual feedback between the two human stress systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Sciences Section, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Stalder
- University of Siegen, Clinical Psychology, Siegen, Germany
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Sciences Section, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Sciences Section, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- University of Basel, Department of Psychology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Weber
- University Children's Hospital Basel, Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sakari Lemola
- University of Warwick, Department of Psychology, University Road, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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Urfer-Maurer N, Weidmann R, Brand S, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Grob A, Weber P, Lemola S. The association of mothers' and fathers' insomnia symptoms with school-aged children's sleep assessed by parent report and in-home sleep-electroencephalography. Sleep Med 2017; 38:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Lemola S, Oser N, Urfer-Maurer N, Brand S, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Bechtel N, Grob A, Weber P, Datta AN. Effects of gestational age on brain volume and cognitive functions in generally healthy very preterm born children during school-age: A voxel-based morphometry study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183519. [PMID: 28850616 PMCID: PMC5574554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether the relationship of gestational age (GA) with brain volumes and cognitive functions is linear or whether it follows a threshold model in preterm and term born children during school-age. Study design We studied 106 children (M = 10 years 1 month, SD = 16 months; 40 females) enrolled in primary school: 57 were healthy very preterm children (10 children born 24–27 completed weeks’ gestation (extremely preterm), 14 children born 28–29 completed weeks’ gestation, 19 children born 30–31 completed weeks’ gestation (very preterm), and 14 born 32 completed weeks’ gestation (moderately preterm)) all born appropriate for GA (AGA) and 49 term-born children. Neuroimaging involved voxel-based morphometry with the statistical parametric mapping software. Cognitive functions were assessed with the WISC-IV. General Linear Models and multiple regressions were conducted controlling age, sex, and maternal education. Results Compared to groups of children born 30 completed weeks’ gestation and later, children born <28 completed weeks’ gestation had less gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) and poorer cognitive functions including decreased full scale IQ, and processing speed. Differences in GMV partially mediated the relationship between GA and full scale IQ in preterm born children. Conclusions In preterm children who are born AGA and without major complications GA is associated with brain volume and cognitive functions. In particular, decreased brain volume becomes evident in the extremely preterm group (born <28 completed weeks’ gestation). In preterm children born 30 completed weeks’ gestation and later the relationship of GA with brain volume and cognitive functions may be less strong as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadine Oser
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University of Basel, Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Brand
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport and Psychosocial Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Edith Holsboer-Trachsler
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Bechtel
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University of Basel, Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Weber
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University of Basel, Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre N. Datta
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University of Basel, Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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