1
|
He L, Guo FY, Cai XJ, Chen HP, Lian CL, Wang Y, Shang C, Zhang Y, Wagner ND, Zhang ZX, Hörandl E, Wang XR. Evolutionary origin and establishment of a dioecious diploid-tetraploid complex. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:2732-2749. [PMID: 36843569 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyploids recurrently emerge in angiosperms, but most polyploids are likely to go extinct before establishment due to minority cytotype exclusion, which may be specifically a constraint for dioecious plants. Here we test the hypothesis that a stable sex-determination system and spatial/ecological isolation facilitate the establishment of dioecious polyploids. We determined the ploidy levels of 351 individuals from 28 populations of the dioecious species Salix polyclona, and resequenced 190 individuals of S. polyclona and related taxa for genomic diversity analyses. The ploidy survey revealed a frequency 52% of tetraploids in S. polyclona, and genomic k-mer spectra analyses suggested an autopolyploid origin for them. Comparisons of diploid male and female genomes identified a female heterogametic sex-determining factor on chromosome 15, which probably also acts in the dioecious tetraploids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two diploid clades and a separate clade/grade of tetraploids with a distinct geographic distribution confined to western and central China, where complex mountain systems create higher levels of environmental heterogeneity. Fossil-calibrated phylogenies showed that the polyploids emerged during 7.6-2.3 million years ago, and population demographic histories largely matched the geological and climatic history of the region. Our results suggest that inheritance of the sex-determining system from the diploid progenitor as intrinsic factor and spatial isolation as extrinsic factor may have facilitated the preservation and establishment of polyploid dioecious populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Yi Guo
- East China Survey and Planning Institute, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Jie Cai
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Pu Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lan Lian
- Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ce Shang
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve Administration, Abazhou, China
| | - Natascha Dorothea Wagner
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ru Wang
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He L, Jia KH, Zhang RG, Wang Y, Shi TL, Li ZC, Zeng SW, Cai XJ, Wagner ND, Hörandl E, Muyle A, Yang K, Charlesworth D, Mao JF. Chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Salix dunnii reveals a male-heterogametic sex determination system on chromosome 7. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1966-1982. [PMID: 33609314 PMCID: PMC8359994 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination systems in plants can involve either female or male heterogamety (ZW or XY, respectively). Here we used Illumina short reads, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long reads and Hi-C reads to assemble the first chromosome-scale genome of a female willow tree (Salix dunnii), and to predict genes using transcriptome sequences and available databases. The final genome sequence of 328 Mb in total was assembled in 29 scaffolds, and includes 31,501 predicted genes. Analyses of short-read sequence data that included female and male plants suggested a male heterogametic sex-determining factor on chromosome 7, implying that, unlike the female heterogamety of most species in the genus Salix, male heterogamety evolved in the subgenus Salix. The S. dunnii sex-linked region occupies about 3.21 Mb of chromosome 7 in females (representing its position in the X chromosome), probably within a pericentromeric region. Our data suggest that this region is enriched for transposable element insertions, and about one-third of its 124 protein-coding genes were gained via duplications from other genome regions. We detect purifying selection on the genes that were ancestrally present in the region, though some have been lost. Transcriptome data from female and male individuals show more male- than female-biased genes in catkin and leaf tissues, and indicate enrichment for male-biased genes in the pseudo-autosomal regions. Our study provides valuable genomic resources for further studies of sex-determining regions in the family Salicaceae, and sex chromosome evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.,College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-Hua Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Gang Zhang
- Ori (Shandong) Gene Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Weifang, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tian-Le Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Wen Zeng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Jie Cai
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Natascha Dorothea Wagner
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aline Muyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Deborah Charlesworth
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jian-Feng Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gramlich S, Wagner ND, Hörandl E. RAD-seq reveals genetic structure of the F 2-generation of natural willow hybrids (Salix L.) and a great potential for interspecific introgression. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:317. [PMID: 30509159 PMCID: PMC6276181 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybridization of species with porous genomes can eventually lead to introgression via repeated backcrossing. The potential for introgression between species is reflected by the extent of segregation distortion in later generation hybrids. Here we studied a population of hybrids between Salix purpurea and S. helvetica that has emerged within the last 30 years on a glacier forefield in the European Alps due to secondary contact of the parental species. We used 5758 biallelic SNPs produced by RAD sequencing with the aim to ascertain the predominance of backcrosses (F1 hybrid x parent) or F2 hybrids (F1 hybrid x F1 hybrid) among hybrid offspring. Further, the SNPs were used to study segregation distortion in the second hybrid generation. RESULTS The analyses in STRUCTURE and NewHybrids revealed that the population consisted of parents and F1 hybrids, whereas hybrid offspring consisted mainly of backcrosses to either parental species, but also some F2 hybrids. Although there was a clear genetic differentiation between S. purpurea and S. helvetica (FST = 0.24), there was no significant segregation distortion in the backcrosses or the F2 hybrids. Plant height of the backcrosses resembled the respective parental species, whereas F2 hybrids were more similar to the subalpine S. helvetica. CONCLUSIONS The co-occurrence of the parental species and the hybrids on the glacier forefield, the high frequency of backcrossing, and the low resistance to gene flow via backcrossing make a scenario of introgression in this young hybrid population highly likely, potentially leading to the transfer of adaptive traits. We further suggest that this willow hybrid population may serve as a model for the evolutionary processes initiated by recent global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gramlich
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Natascha Dorothea Wagner
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wagner ND, Gramlich S, Hörandl E. RAD sequencing resolved phylogenetic relationships in European shrub willows ( Salix L. subg. Chamaetia and subg. Vetrix) and revealed multiple evolution of dwarf shrubs. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8243-8255. [PMID: 30250699 PMCID: PMC6145212 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The large and diverse genus Salix L. is of particular interest for decades of biological research. However, despite the morphological plasticity, the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships was so far hampered by the lack of informative molecular markers. Infrageneric classification based on morphology separates dwarf shrubs (subg. Chamaetia) and taller shrubs (subg. Vetrix), while previous phylogenetic studies placed species of these two subgenera just in one largely unresolved clade. Here we want to test the utility of genomic RAD sequencing markers for resolving relationships at different levels of divergence in Salix. Based on a sampling of 15 European species representing 13 sections of the two subgenera, we used five different RAD sequencing datasets generated by ipyrad to conduct phylogenetic analyses. Additionally we reconstructed the evolution of growth form and analyzed the genetic composition of the whole clade. The results showed fully resolved trees in both ML and BI analysis with high statistical support. The two subgenera Chamaetia and Vetrix were recognized as nonmonophyletic, which suggests that they should be merged. Within the Vetrix/Chamaetia clade, a division into three major subclades could be observed. All species were confirmed to be monophyletic. Based on our data, arctic-alpine dwarf shrubs evolved four times independently. The structure analysis showed five mainly uniform genetic clusters which are congruent in sister relationships observed in the phylogenies. Our study confirmed RAD sequencing as a useful genomic tool for the reconstruction of relationships on different taxonomic levels in the genus Salix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Dorothea Wagner
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium)University of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Susanne Gramlich
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium)University of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium)University of GoettingenGöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bartlett NL, Petroni GR, Parker BA, Wagner ND, Gockerman JP, Omura GA, Canellos GP, Robert M, Johnson JL, Peterson BA. Dose-escalated cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and etoposide (CHOPE) chemotherapy for patients with diffuse lymphoma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies 8852 and 8854. Cancer 2001; 92:207-17. [PMID: 11466671 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010715)92:2<207::aid-cncr1311>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address the feasibility and outcome of moderate dose intensification with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) conducted two studies evaluating dose-escalated cyclophosphamide and etoposide in the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, etoposide (CHOPE) regimen. METHODS Eligibility criteria included histologically documented, diffuse small cleaved, diffuse mixed, diffuse large cell, or immunoblastic lymphoma, Stage III--IV or bulky Stage II disease, and an ECOG performance status of 0--1. CALGB 8852, a group-wide study, accrued 227 patients: 120 patients in the pilot study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) without G-CSF and 107 in the pilot study of dose-escalated CHOPE with G-CSF. CALGB 8854, a limited-institution, Phase I study, enrolled 38 patients and determined the MTD of CHOPE with G-CSF to be used in CALGB 8852. The MTD in both studies was defined as the dose at which 50% of patients had 1) Grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia lasting 7 days or more, or 2) Grade 3--4 hemorrhage or nonhematologic toxicity (excluding alopecia, nausea, and emesis), or 3) were prevented from receiving 100% of drug on Day 22. RESULTS The MTD of CHOPE without G-CSF was cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m(2) on Day 1 and etoposide 100 mg/m(2) on Days 1--3 with doxorubicin 50 mg/m(2) on Day 1, vincristine 1.4 mg/m(2) (maximum, 2 mg) on Day 1, and prednisone 100 mg on Days 1--5. With the addition of G-CSF at 200 microg/m(2) on Days 5--19, the MTD was cyclophosphamide 1500 mg/m(2) and etoposide 160 mg/m(2) on Days 1-3 with standard doses of doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. Increasing the dose of G-CSF from 200 microg/m(2) to 400 microg/m(2) did not allow for further dose escalation. The primary toxicity in all cohorts was neutropenia. Four toxic deaths occurred on CALGB 8852. The 5-year failure free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for eligible patients on CALGB 8852 were 31% (95% confidence interval [95%CI], 23--39) and 48% (95%CI, 40--57), respectively. The 5-year FFS and OS rates for eligible patients on CALGB 8854 were 34% (95%CI, 17--52) and 51% (95%CI, 33--70), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Moderate dose escalation with G-CSF is feasible. However, response and survival rates of patients who receive dose-escalated CHOPE, even with the addition of G-CSF, appear similar to the rates reported with standard-dose CHOP.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Disease-Free Survival
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Female
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neutropenia/chemically induced
- Neutropenia/prevention & control
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Treatment Outcome
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N L Bartlett
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bartlett NL, Wagner ND. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Cancer Chemother Biol Response Modif 2000; 18:293-323. [PMID: 10800489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N L Bartlett
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sobecks RM, Daugherty CK, Hallahan DE, Laport GF, Wagner ND, Larson RA. A dose escalation study of total body irradiation followed by high-dose etoposide and allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation for the treatment of advanced hematologic malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 25:807-13. [PMID: 10808200 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since approximately 30% of leukemia patients relapse after allogeneic BMT using total body irradiation (TBI)-based preparative regimens, treatment intensity may be suboptimal. The killing of leukemia cells is proportional to the radiation absorbed dose. We studied the feasibility and toxicity of escalating the doses of fractionated TBI above our previous prescription of 13.5 Gy. Sixteen evaluable patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were treated with twice daily TBI using a high-energy source (18-24 MV). The first patient cohort (n = 11) received a total dose of 14.4 Gy in nine fractions, and the second cohort (n = 5) received doses escalated to 15.3 Gy. All patients received high-dose etoposide (60 mg/kg) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation following the TBI. All patients had HLA-identical sibling donors. The median times for neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 13.5 and 12 days, respectively, and did not differ between the two cohorts. All but one patient developed treatment-related grade 3 or 4 mucositis. There were three cases of grade 4 pulmonary toxicity and three cases of grade 4 hepatic toxicity among the 14.4 Gy cohort, and one case each of grade 4 pulmonary and hepatic toxicities among the 15.3 Gy cohort. In most cases comorbid conditions contributed to these toxicities. Two patients had significant GVHD of the GI tract. Six relapses occurred, five (45%) in the 14.4 Gy cohort and one (20%) in the 15.3 Gy cohort. The 100-day treatment-related mortality rates were 9% and 20% for the 14.4 Gy and 15.3 Gy cohorts, respectively, and the median survivals were 226 and 201 days, respectively. We conclude that TBI dose escalation above the previously used 13.5 Gy dose is feasible using a high-energy source and high-dose etoposide. Acute and chronic toxicities were primarily related to GVHD, infection and relapse rather than to TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Sobecks
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wagner ND, Quinones VW. Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: clinical overview and nursing implications. Oncol Nurs Forum 1998; 25:1049-55; quiz 1056-7. [PMID: 9679263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive understanding of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), the new modality for treating advanced hematologic malignancies. DATA SOURCE Journal articles/abstracts, published literature, clinical experience. DATA SYNTHESIS Growth factor mobilization and apheresis is well tolerated by donors and supplies adequate numbers of stem cells for engraftment. Patients engraft sooner using PBSCT compared to bone marrow transplant (BMT). CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic PBSCT is a safe alternative to BMT and has distinct advantages for donors and recipients. Faster engraftment results in fewer transfusions, shorter hospitalization, and decreased cost. Future research to determine if long-term side effects from growth factors will negatively affect donors is essential. Data regarding durability of hematopoiesis and incidence of graft versus host disease warrant further analysis. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Care for patients is similar to that of standard BMT; however, care for donors is unique. Shorter hospitalization requires nurses to alter content and timing of patient education and preparation for discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N D Wagner
- Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|