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Le Roux G, Fagel N, Longman J, Mattielli N, McCulloch RD, De Vleeschouwer F. Nd isotopes as a tracer of dust trapped by peat bogs: A reminder of basics. Comment on: « Neodymium isotopes in peat reveal past local environmental disturbances » by Marcisz et al. (2023). Sci Total Environ 2023; 882:163379. [PMID: 37054797 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Le Roux
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR5245 CNRS/UPS/INPT), Campus Ensat, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, BP 32607, Auzeville Tolosane, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Fagel
- Laboratoire Argiles, Géochimie et Environnements sédimentaires (AGEs), Département de Géologie, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 août 14, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Jack Longman
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Nadine Mattielli
- Laboratoire G-Time (Geochemistry & Geophysics: Tephra, Isotopes, Minerals and Earthquakes), DGES, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. FD Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert D McCulloch
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), José de Moraleda, Coyhaique, Aysén, Chile
| | - François De Vleeschouwer
- Instituto Franco-Argentino para el Estudio del Clima y sus Impactos (IRL IFAECI/CNRS-CONICET-UBA-IRD), Dpto. de Ciencias de la Atmosfera y los Oceanos, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Guiraldes 2160 - Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon II - 2do. Pis, C1428EGA Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Demaret L, Hutchinson IB, Ingley R, Edwards HGM, Fagel N, Compere P, Javaux EJ, Eppe G, Malherbe C. Fe-Rich Fossil Vents as Mars Analog Samples: Identification of Extinct Chimneys in Miocene Marine Sediments Using Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. Astrobiology 2022; 22:1081-1098. [PMID: 35704291 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
On Earth, the circulation of Fe-rich fluids in hydrothermal environments leads to characteristic iron mineral deposits, reflecting the pH and redox chemical conditions of the hydrothermal system, and is often associated with chemotroph microorganisms capable of deriving energy from chemical gradients. On Mars, iron-rich hydrothermal sites are considered to be potentially important astrobiological targets for searching evidence of life during exploration missions, such as the Mars 2020 and the ExoMars 2022 missions. In this study, an extinct hydrothermal chimney from the Jaroso hydrothermal system (SE Spain), considered an interesting geodynamic and mineralogical terrestrial analog for Mars, was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The sample consists of a fossil vent in a Miocene shallow-marine sedimentary deposit composed of a marl substrate, an iron-rich chimney pipe, and a central space filled with backfilling deposits and vent condensates. The iron crust is particularly striking due to the combined presence of molecular and morphological indications of a microbial colonization, including mineral microstructures (e.g., stalks, filaments), iron oxyhydroxide phases (altered goethite, ferrihydrite), and organic signatures (carotenoids, organopolymers). The clear identification of pigments by resonance Raman spectroscopy and the preservation of organics in association with iron oxyhydroxides by Raman microimaging demonstrate that the iron crust was indeed colonized by microbial communities. These analyses confirm that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for documenting the habitability of such historical hydrothermal environments. Finally, based on the results obtained, we propose that the ancient iron-rich hydrothermal pipes should be recognized as singular terrestrial Mars analog specimens to support the preparatory work for robotic in situ exploration missions to Mars, as well as during the subsequent interpretation of data returned by those missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Demaret
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Early Life Traces & Evolution-Astrobiology, UR Astrobiology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ian B Hutchinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Ingley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Howell G M Edwards
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Fagel
- Laboratory Argiles, Géochimie et Environnements Sédimentaires, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Compere
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, UR FOCUS, and Centre for Applied Research and Education in Microscopy (CAREM), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Emmanuelle J Javaux
- Early Life Traces & Evolution-Astrobiology, UR Astrobiology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Cédric Malherbe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Early Life Traces & Evolution-Astrobiology, UR Astrobiology, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Nzeukou Nzeugang A, Tsozué D, Kagonbé Pagna B, Balo Madi A, Fankam Deumeni A, Ngos S, Nkoumbou C, Fagel N. Clayey soils from Boulgou (North Cameroon): geotechnical, mineralogical, chemical characteristics and properties of their fired products. SN Appl Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, clayey soils are characterized as backfill and potential fusible raw materials for engineering. Geotechnical tests (particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, densities) and chemico-mineralogical analyses (X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared) were carried out on samples collected from field in the locality of Boulgou (North Cameroon) followed by the determination of mechanical properties of fired bricks (850–1200 °C). The excavations carried out have revealed a thick layer of clayey soils (~ 2 to 2.5 m) over a sandy layer. This clay formation presents some stratifications with limited influence variation in terms of mineralogy. Mean grain size distribution is dominated by sand (62–80%), clay (12–25%) and silt (6–9%). It corresponds to silty–clayey soils regarding their methylene blue values (3.3–5.6), with low plastic (13–22%) to high plastic (33%) characteristics. They are classified by USCS as clayey sand/silty clay, while one sample is a poorly graded sand (SP). Clay minerals observed are kaolinite (6–12%), montmorillonite (2–6%) and illite (8–10%). Those parameters associated with their fine nature and high compressibility make them suitable engineering applications for backfill material and barriers. From chemical analyses, relatively high contents in alkali and alkaline earth elements (~ 4 to 6%) to be used as potential fusible raw materials for fired bricks or gres ceramics were revealed. Bricks characteristics are varied: linear shrinkage (0.3 to 9%), bulk density (1.8 to 2.3 g/cm3), water absorption (19.7 to 1.3%) and flexural strength (0.3 to 17.4 MPa). Overall, the requirement for fired brick (< 20%) is met up by the water absorption values. As from 1050 °C, these soils are made suitable for brick-making with good characteristics (metallic sound, good cohesion and flexural strength).
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De Vleeschouwer F, Baron S, Cloy JM, Enrico M, Ettler V, Fagel N, Kempter H, Kylander M, Li C, Longman J, Martinez-Cortizas A, Marx S, Mattielli N, Mighall T, Nieminen TM, Piotrowska N, Pontevedra-Pombal X, Pratte S, Renson V, Shotyk W, Shuttleworth E, Sikorski J, Stromsoe N, Talbot J, von Scheffer C, Weiss D, Zaccone C, Le Roux G. Comment on: "A novel approach to peatlands as archives of total cumulative spatial pollution loads from atmospheric deposition of airborne elements complementary to EMEP data: Priority pollutants (Pb, Cd, Hg)" by Ewa Miszczak, Sebastian Stefaniak, Adam Michczyński, Eiliv Steinnes and Irena Twardowska. Sci Total Environ 2020; 737:138699. [PMID: 32376094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent paper by Miszczak et al. (2020) examines metal contamination of mires in Poland and Norway. The authors conclude that lead (Pb) records in ombrotrophic peatlands cannot be used to reconstruct the chronological history of anthropogenic activities due to post-depositional mobility of the metal. We contest this general conclusion which stands in contrast with a significant body of literature demonstrating that Pb is largely immobile in the vast majority of ombrotrophic peatlands. Our aim is to reaffirm the crucial contribution that peat records have made to our knowledge of atmospheric Pb contamination. In addition, we reiterate the necessity of following established protocols to produce reliable records of anthropogenic Pb contamination in environmental archives.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Vleeschouwer
- Instituto Franco-Argentino para el Estudio del Clima y sus Impactos (UMI IFAECI/CNRS-CONICET-UBA-IRD), Argentina.
| | - S Baron
- Laboratoire TRACES (CNRS, Université de Toulouse), France
| | - J M Cloy
- Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Enrico
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Ettler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Fagel
- AGEs, Département de Géologie, Université de Liège, Belgium
| | - H Kempter
- Welzheimer Str. 14, D-71566 Althuette, Germany
| | - M Kylander
- Department of Geological Sciences and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - C Li
- Geoscience Environnement Toulouse (CNRS-UPS-IRD-CNAP-CNES), France
| | - J Longman
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - S Marx
- GeoQuEST Research Centre, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - N Mattielli
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - T Mighall
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - T M Nieminen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Piotrowska
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics-CSE, GADAM Center, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - S Pratte
- Department of Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - V Renson
- Research Reactor, University of Missouri, USA
| | - W Shotyk
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - J Sikorski
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics-CSE, GADAM Center, Gliwice, Poland
| | - N Stromsoe
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - J Talbot
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - C von Scheffer
- Institute for Ecosystem Research, Kiel University, Germany
| | - D Weiss
- Imperial College London, UK; Princeton University, Princeton, USA
| | - C Zaccone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - G Le Roux
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Allan M, Le Roux G, De Vleeschouwer F, Bindler R, Blaauw M, Piotrowska N, Sikorski J, Fagel N. High-resolution reconstruction of atmospheric deposition of trace metals and metalloids since AD 1400 recorded by ombrotrophic peat cores in Hautes-Fagnes, Belgium. Environ Pollut 2013; 178:381-394. [PMID: 23619507 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to determine the trace metal accumulation rates in the Misten bog, Hautes-Fagnes, Belgium, and assess these in relation to established histories of atmospheric emissions from anthropogenic sources. To address these aims we analyzed trace metals and metalloids (Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Sb, Cr, Co, V, Cd and Zn), as well as Pb isotopes, using XRF, Q-ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS, respectively in two 40-cm peat sections, spanning the last 600 yr. The temporal increase of metal fluxes from the inception of the Industrial Revolution to the present varies by a factor of 5-50, with peak values found between AD 1930 and 1990. A cluster analysis combined with Pb isotopic composition allows the identification of the main sources of Pb and by inference of the other metals, which indicates that coal consumption and metallurgical activities were the predominant sources of pollution during the last 600 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Allan
- AGEs, Département de Géologie, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, B18 Sart Tilman B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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De Vleeschouwer F, Fagel N, Cheburkin A, Pazdur A, Sikorski J, Mattielli N, Renson V, Fialkiewicz B, Piotrowska N, Le Roux G. Anthropogenic impacts in North Poland over the last 1300 years--a record of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and S in an ombrotrophic peat bog. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:5674-5684. [PMID: 19683332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lead pollution history over Northern Poland was reconstructed for the last ca. 1300 years using the elemental and Pb isotope geochemistry of a dated Polish peat bog. The data show that Polish Pb-Zn ores and coal were the main sources of Pb, other heavy metals and S over Northern Poland up until the industrial revolution. After review of the potential mobility of each element, most of the historical interpretation was based on Pb and Pb isotopes, the other chemical elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, S) being considered secondary indicators of pollution. During the last century, leaded gasoline also contributed to anthropogenic Pb pollution over Poland. Coal and Pb-Zn ores, however, remained important sources of pollution in Eastern European countries during the last 50 years, as demonstrated by a high (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio (1.153) relative to that of Western Europe (ca. 1.10). The Pb data for the last century were also in good agreement with modelled Pb inventories over Poland and the Baltic region.
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MESH Headings
- Environmental Pollution/history
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Ancient
- History, Medieval
- Metals, Heavy/analysis
- Metals, Heavy/chemistry
- Poland
- Soil Pollutants/analysis
- Soil Pollutants/chemistry
- Sulfur/analysis
- Sulfur/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Wetlands
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Affiliation(s)
- François De Vleeschouwer
- Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Physics, Department of Radioisotopes, GADAM Centre of Excellence, Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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