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Li X, Giuseppe Fenu N, Giles-Donovan N, Cochran S, Lucas M. Can Mn:PIN-PMN-PT piezocrystal replace hard piezoceramic in power ultrasonic devices? Ultrasonics 2024; 138:107257. [PMID: 38335919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Mn:PIN-PMN-PT piezocrystal is investigated to determine whether its enhanced energy density makes it a candidate transducer material for power ultrasonics applications. To this end, the electromechanical and vibrational characteristics of a simple configuration of a bolted Langevin transducer (BLT) and then an ultrasonic surgical device, both incorporating Mn:PIN-PMN-PT piezocrystal, are compared with the same transducer configurations incorporating a conventional hard PZT piezoceramic commonly used in high-power ultrasonic transducers. The material properties of Mn:PIN-PMN-PT are determined using a single sample characterisation technique and these are used in finite element analysis (FEA) to design and then fabricate the BLT and ultrasonic surgical device, tuned to the first and second longitudinal modes at 20 kHz respectively. FEA is similarly used for the hard PZT versions. It is found that the superior elastic compliance of Mn:PIN-PMN-PT results in a higher radial piezo-stack deformation than the hard PZT under ultrasonic excitation of the BLT. However, the resulting longitudinal displacement amplitude of the two BLTs and two ultrasonic surgical devices is found to be equal, despite the higher figure of merit (Qkeff2) of those incorporating Mn:PIN-PMN-PT. The electrical impedance is measured at increasing excitation levels to evaluate the quality factor, Q. It is found that damping in the BLT with hard PZT is negligibly affected in the excitation range considered; however, the BLT incorporating Mn:PIN-PMN-PT exhibits a large reduction in Q. These findings indicate that, for measurements in air, the advantages of the high figure of merit of the piezocrystal material are not realised in a high-power transducer due to significantly increased damping at high excitation levels. To compare the vibrational response of the two ultrasonic surgical devices, L-C electrical impedance matching was implemented to maximise the efficiency of energy transfer from the source to the transducer under load. Results suggest that similar responses occurred for the two surgical devices in cutting tests using a low strength bone mimic material. However, the Mn:PIN-PMN-PT device exhibited better performance in cutting through higher strength ex-vivo chicken femur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Centre for Medical & Industrial Ultrasonics, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nicola Giuseppe Fenu
- Nami Surgical, 11 The Square, University Avenue, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nathan Giles-Donovan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sandy Cochran
- Centre for Medical & Industrial Ultrasonics, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Margaret Lucas
- Centre for Medical & Industrial Ultrasonics, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Fenu NG, Giles-Donovan N, Sadiq MR, Cochran S. Full Set of Material Properties of Lead-Free PIC 700 for Transducer Designers. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2021; 68:1797-1807. [PMID: 33315558 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3044790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of Pb on the environment and human health and recent restrictions on its use in electronic devices are generating demand for Pb-free piezoelectric materials. Examples are now available commercially, but the full elastic-piezoelectric-dielectric (EPD) matrices needed for device design, including over a range of operating conditions, have not yet been published. The standard IEEE EPD matrix measurement method needs four sample geometries, making it inconvenient and increasing errors. Here, we present an alternative method combining resonant ultrasound spectroscopy with optimization algorithms to measure the EPD matrix from a single exact cube sample. The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Nelder-Mead (NM) optimizations are compared in refining the independent parameters. Both give convergent solutions, but the LM algorithm is more accurate and efficient. The single-sample approach was used to obtain results from Pb-free Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3 (PIC 700, PI Ceramics, Lederhose, Germany) piezoceramic ( ∞ mm sample symmetry) characterized with the standard IEEE method at ambient temperature and with the single-sample method at ambient temperature and additionally up to 80 °C. The results are validated with the laser Doppler vibrometry via mode shape reconstruction and comparison with finite-element analysis (FEA). They demonstrate that convenient measurement of the EPD matrix of Pb-free materials with temperature dependence is possible, providing a crucial capability for the adoption of these materials in devices.
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Songvilay M, Giles-Donovan N, Bari M, Ye ZG, Minns JL, Green MA, Xu G, Gehring PM, Schmalzl K, Ratcliff WD, Brown CM, Chernyshov D, van Beek W, Cochran S, Stock C. Common acoustic phonon lifetimes in inorganic and hybrid lead halide perovskites. Phys Rev Mater 2019; 3:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.3.093602. [PMID: 33062913 PMCID: PMC7552819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic phonons in the organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have been reported to have anomalously short lifetimes over a large part of the Brillouin zone. The resulting shortened mean free paths of the phonons have been implicated as the origin of the low thermal conductivity. We apply neutron spectroscopy to show that the same acoustic phonon energy linewidth broadening (corresponding to shortened lifetimes) occurs in the fully inorganic CsPbBr3 by comparing the results on the organic-inorganic CH3NH3PbCl3. We investigate the critical dynamics near the three zone boundaries of the cubic P m 3 ¯ m Brillouin zone of CsPbBr3 and find energy and momentum broadened dynamics at momentum points where the Cs-site (A-site) motions contribute to the cross section. Neutron diffraction is used to confirm that both the Cs and Br sites have unusually large thermal displacements with an anisotropy that mirrors the low temperature structural distortions. The presence of an organic molecule is not necessary to disrupt the low-energy acoustic phonons at momentum transfers located away from the zone center in the lead halide perovskites and such damping may be driven by the large displacements or possibly disorder on the A site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Songvilay
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - N Giles-Donovan
- Medical and Industrial Ultrasonics, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G128QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Bari
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6 Canada
| | - Z-G Ye
- Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A1S6 Canada
| | - J L Minns
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - M A Green
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Guangyong Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - P M Gehring
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - K Schmalzl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at ILL, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - W D Ratcliff
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - C M Brown
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - D Chernyshov
- Swiss-Norwegian Beam Lines, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Polygone Scientifique Louis Néel, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - W van Beek
- Swiss-Norwegian Beam Lines, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Polygone Scientifique Louis Néel, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S Cochran
- Medical and Industrial Ultrasonics, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow G128QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Stock
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
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