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Wan Mohamad Zamri WN, Mohd Yunus N, Abdul Aziz AA, Zulkipli NN, Sulong S. Perspectives on the Application of Cytogenomic Approaches in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:964. [PMID: 36900108 PMCID: PMC10001075 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a haematological malignancy characterised by the accumulation of monoclonal mature B lymphocytes (positive for CD5+ and CD23+) in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Although CLL is reported to be rare in Asian countries compared to Western countries, the disease course is more aggressive in Asian countries than in their Western counterparts. It has been postulated that this is due to genetic variants between populations. Various cytogenomic methods, either of the traditional type (conventional cytogenetics or fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH)) or using more advanced technology such as DNA microarrays, next generation sequencing (NGS), or genome wide association studies (GWAS), were used to detect chromosomal aberrations in CLL. Up until now, conventional cytogenetic analysis remained the gold standard in diagnosing chromosomal abnormality in haematological malignancy including CLL, even though it is tedious and time-consuming. In concordance with technological advancement, DNA microarrays are gaining popularity among clinicians as they are faster and better able to accurately diagnose the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. However, every technology has challenges to overcome. In this review, CLL and its genetic abnormalities will be discussed, as well as the application of microarray technology as a diagnostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazihah Mohd Yunus
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Aizat Abdul Aziz
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ninie Nadia Zulkipli
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 21300, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
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Naim Tuan Ismail TN, Mohamad N, Mat Yudin Z, Mohd Yunus N. First trimester recurrent pregnancy loss due to balanced chromosomal translocations in husband: A case report. ELECTRON J GEN MED 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early pregnancy loss in a wanted pregnancy is stressful and frustrating to any couple. It becomes even more emotionally traumatic when it occurs repeatedly. Two or more of early pregnancy loss is known as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). RPL is a clinical challenge for physicians to unriddle. In this case report, we illustrate a case of a 40-year-old woman who experienced six recurrent first-trimester pregnancy losses. After the third pregnancy loss, initial maternal blood investigations were done, and the results were normal. After the fifth miscarriage, both partners’ blood was tested for the cytogenetic study, and her cytogenetic analysis revealed a normal karyotype. However, the paternal showed balanced translocation 46, XY, t(6;13) (q13;14.1) with a balanced translocation between the long arm of chromosome 6 at position 6q13 and the long arm of chromosome 13 at position 13q14.1. When the initial blood investigation is considered normal, a chromosomal study is one of important etiological investigation in couples with RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Nadrah Naim Tuan Ismail
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
| | - Noraini Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
| | - Zainab Mat Yudin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
| | - Nazihah Mohd Yunus
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
- Human Genome Center, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MALAYSIA
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Ankathil R, Eva F, Bakar ZA, Yunus NM, Nawi NA, Annuar A, Ting CY, Sulong S. A Dual Gender Rare Case with 47,XY, + 18/46,XX Karyotype: Chimera or Mosaic? Journal of Child Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our objective is to report one rare case of dual gender chimerism involving abnormal male trisomy 18 and normal female karyotype. The baby was born full term with birth weight of 1.8 kg, not vigorous with light meconium stained liquor and Apgar score of 51, 85 and 910. Parents are 40 years old and mother is G6P5 + 1. The baby had clinical features of Edwards syndrome, and a blood sample was sent to Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia for cytogenetic analysis. Conventional cytogenetic analysis results showed two distinct sex discordant genetic cell lines XY and XX in 90:10 ratio. The male genetic cell line XY also showed trisomy 18 (47,XY, + 18) consistent with clinical diagnosis of male Edwards syndrome, whereas the second genetic cell line showed normal 46,XX female. The present case was reported as dual gender chimera with chi 47,XY, + 18/46,XX karyotype pattern. To the best of available knowledge, dual gender chimerism with abnormal male trisomy 18 and normal female karyotype has not been reported so far, and this case is reported for its rarity and as the first report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindran Ankathil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Foong Eva
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zulaikha Abu Bakar
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nazihah Mohd Yunus
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Alia Nawi
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aziati Annuar
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Yi Ting
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Zakaria WNA, Mohd Yunus N, Yaacob NM, Omar J, Wan Mohamed WMI, Sirajudeen KNS, Tuan Ismail TS. Association between Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms (BsmI and FokI) and Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1595. [PMID: 33567588 PMCID: PMC7914454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Several studies have suggested that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene plays a role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility. Nonetheless, the association between T2DM and VDR polymorphisms remains inconclusive. We determined the genotype of VDR rs1544410 (BsmI) and rs2228570 (FokI) polymorphisms among Malaysian patients with T2DM and their association with glycemic control factors (vitamin D levels, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate). (2) Methods: A total of 189 participants comprising 126 patients with T2DM (63 with good glycemic control and 63 with poor glycemic control) and 63 healthy controls were enrolled in this case-control study. All biochemical assays were measured using spectrophotometric analysis. VDR gene FokI and BsmI polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion. (3) Results: Our findings revealed no significant differences in VDR FokI and BsmI genotypes between participants with T2DM and healthy controls. Moreover, no significant association was observed between both single nucleotide polymorphisms and glycemic control factors. Participants with poor glycemic control had significantly lower serum magnesium levels and significantly higher HOMA-IR compared to the other groups. (4) Conclusions: The present study revealed that VDR gene BsmI and FokI polymorphisms were not significantly associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Amalina Zakaria
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia; (W.N.A.Z.); (N.M.Y.)
| | - Nazihah Mohd Yunus
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia; (W.N.A.Z.); (N.M.Y.)
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Julia Omar
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Mohd Izani Wan Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
| | - K. N. S. Sirajudeen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kuliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Tuan Salwani Tuan Ismail
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia;
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Annuar AA, Ankathil R, Mohd Yunus N, Husin A, Ab Rajab NS, Abdul Aziz AA, Ibrahim MI, Sulong S. Impact of Fas/Fasl Gene Polymorphisms on Susceptibility Risk and Imatinib Mesylate Treatment Response in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:565-571. [PMID: 33639675 PMCID: PMC8190357 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The FAS mediated apoptosis pathway involving the FAS and FASL genes plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptotic cell death and imatinib mesylate (IM) mechanism of action. Promoter polymorphisms FAS-670 A>G and FAS-844 T>C which alter the transcriptional activity of these genes may grant a risk to develop cancer and revamp the drug activities towards the cancer cell. We investigated the association of these two polymorphisms with the susceptibility risk and IM treatment response in Malaysian chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study, which included 93 CML patients and 98 controls. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to genotype the FAS and FASL polymorphisms. Data nanlysis was done using SPSS Version 22. The associations of the genotypes with susceptibility risk and IM response in CML patients were assessed by means of logistic regression analysis and deriving odds ratio with 95% CI. Results: We observed a significant association between FASL-844T>C polymorphism and CML susceptibility risk and IM response. Variant C allele and FASL-844 CC variant genotype carriers had significantly higher risk for CML susceptibility (OR 1.756, CI 1.163-2.652, p=0.007 and OR 2.261, CI 1.013-5.047, p=0.047 respectively). Conversely, the heterozygous genotype FASL-844 TC conferred lower risk for CML susceptibility (OR 0.379, CI 0.176-0.816, p=0.013). The heterozygous and homozygous variant genotypes and variant C alleles were found to confer a lower risk for the development of IM resistance with OR 0.129 (95% CI: 0.034-0.489 p=0.003), OR 0.257 (95% CI: 0.081-0.818, p=0.021), and OR 0.486 (95% CI: 0.262-0.899, p=0.021) respectively. We also found that FAS-670 A>G polymorphism was not associated with CML susceptibility risk or IM response. Conclusion: The genetic polymorphism FASL-844 T>C may contribute to the CML susceptibility risk and also IM treatment response in CML patients. Accodringly, it may be useful as a biomarker for predicting CML susceptibility risk and IM resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziati Azwari Annuar
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Ankathil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nazihah Mohd Yunus
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Nur Shafawati Ab Rajab
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Aizat Abdul Aziz
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ismail Ibrahim
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sarina Sulong
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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