Changes in Vitellogenin (Vg) and Stress Protein (HSP 70) in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) Groups under Different Diets Linked with Physico-Chemical, Antioxidant and Fatty and Amino Acid Profiles

Honey bee colonies are often subjected to diseases, nutrition quality, temperature and other stresses depending on environmental and climatic conditions. As a result of malnutrition, the level of Vg protein decreases, leading to overwintering losses. The Vg values must be high for a successful wintering, especially before wintering. If good nutrition is not reached, the long winter period may cause an increase in colony losses. Supplementary feeding is essential for colony sustainability when floral resources are insufficient, as in recent years with the emerging climate changes. Furthermore, quality food sources or nutrients are significant for maintaining honey bee health and longevity. This study examined the changes in HSP 70 and Vg proteins in 6 groups of 48 colonies fed with five different nutrients. The fatty acids that are present in the highest amount in Cistus creticus (Pink rock-rose), Papaver somniferum (Opium poppy) and mixed pollen samples were linoleic, palmitic and cis-9-oleic acids. The highest values in proline, lysine and glutamic acid were determined in C. creticus pollen. Regarding the P. somniferum pollen, the highest values were observed in lysine, proline, glutamic and aspartic acids. The highest values in lysine, proline, leucine and aspartic acid were noticed in mixed pollen. The effect of different feeding on Vg protein in nurse and forager bee samples was higher in the mixed pollen group in the fall period. In nurse bees, the mixed pollen group was followed by Cistus creticus pollen > Papaver somniferum pollen > sugar syrup > commercial bee cake > control group, respectively (p < 0.05). In forager bees, the order was mixed pollen, P. somniferum pollen, C. creticus pollen, commercial bee cake, sugar syrup and control. In the early spring period, the Vg levels were high in the mixed pollen group in the nurse bees and the commercial bee cake group in the forager bees. In the fall period, the HSP 70 value of the forager and nurse bees was the lowest in the C. creticus group (p < 0.05). In early spring, the active period of flora, a statistical difference was found between the treatment groups.

The Effects of Interferon-α2b on Intestinal Flora in Peritoneal Fibrosis

Peritonitis is an important cause of the mortality and morbidity of peritoneal dialysis patients. The present study aims to investigate the effects of ýnterferon (IFN)-α2b on intestinal flora in peritoneal fibrosis. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. The control group received 0.9% saline (3 ml/d) intraperitoneally; the Chlorhexidine gluconate (CH) group received 3 ml daily injections of 0.1% CH intraperitoneally; the CH+IFN group received 3 ml daily injections of 0.1% CH intraperitoneally and pegylated IFN-α2b 1.5 μg/kg per week subcutaneously on days 0, 7, 14. On the twenty-first day rats were sacrificed and visseral peritoneum samples were obtained from the liver. Blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta and intestinal flora samples were obtained from distal small intestine and transverse colon. Histopathologic control of CH, CH+IFN groups peritoneal thickness were 6.04±2.32, 135.4±22.24, and 42.56±11.6 um, respectively. The decrease in thickness of parietal peritoneum in the CH+IFN group was statistically significant when compared to the CH group. Escherechia coli (E. Coli) had grown in cultures of the small intestine and colon samples of all the rats in the control group, whereas Proteus species (spp) had grown in one and Enterobacter spp. in seven cultures of the CH group. E. Coli had grown in four cultures, Proteus spp in three culture and Enterobacter spp. in one culture obtained from small intestine and transverse colon of the control group. The intestinal flora changed as the peritoneal thickness increased. The intestinal flora in the CH group completely changed compared with the control group (p<0.001). There was no correlation between visceral peritoneal thickness and intestinal flora change in the IFN group (p>0.05). IFN-α2b recovers the intestinal flora and the intestinal motility, thus reducing the experimental peritoneal fibrosis.

A case with balanced reciprocal translocation t(5;11)(q32;q24.2) and situs inversus viscerum

Situs inversus viscerum is a condition in which the organs of the chest and abdomen are arranged in a perfect mirror image reversal of the normal positioning. The condition is in about 1 in 8,500 people. Although the mechanism that causes the heart loop to go left is not fully understood, it is thought that many factors are involved. Here we report a case with balanced reciprocal translocation and situs inversus viscerum. The case was a 35 year old single person. In the imaging studies, his heart was on the right (dextrocardia), his liver was on the left, and his spleen was on the right. Cytogenetic study showed that the man carried a balanced reciprocal translocation: 46,XY, t(5;11)(q32;q24.2). He had no dysmorphism. He had chronic gastritis and chronic esophageal acid reflux.