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Adejuyigbe EA, Agyeman I, Anand P, Anyabolu HC, Arya S, Assenga EN, Badhal S, Brobby NW, Chellani HK, Chopra N, Debata PK, Dube Q, Dua T, Gadama L, Gera R, Hammond CK, Jain S, Kantumbiza F, Kawaza K, Kija EN, Lal P, Mallewa M, Manu MK, Mehta A, Mhango T, Naburi HE, Newton S, Nyanor I, Nyako PA, Oke OJ, Patel A, Phlange-Rhule G, Sehgal R, Singhal R, Wadhwa N, Yiadom AB. Evaluation of the impact of continuous Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) initiated immediately after birth compared to KMC initiated after stabilization in newborns with birth weight 1.0 to < 1.8 kg on neurodevelopmental outcomes: Protocol for a follow-up study. Trials 2023; 24:265. [PMID: 37038239 PMCID: PMC10088121 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth or low birth weight is the single largest cause of death in newborns, however this mortality can be reduced through newborn care interventions, including Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). Previously, a multi-country randomized controlled trial, coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO), reported a significant survival advantage with initiation of continuous KMC immediately after birth compared with initiation of continuous KMC a few days after birth when the baby is considered clinically stable. Whether the survival advantage would lead to higher rates of neurodevelopmental morbidities, or the immediate KMC will also have a beneficial effect on cognitive development also, has not been investigated. We therefore propose to test the hypothesis that low-birth-weight infants exposed to immediate KMC will have lower rates of neurodevelopmental impairment in comparison to traditional KMC-treated infants, by prospectively following up infants already enrolled in the immediate KMC trial for the first 2 years of life, and assessing their growth and neurodevelopment. METHODS This prospective cohort study will enroll surviving neonates from the main WHO immediate KMC trial. The main trial as well as this follow-up study are being conducted in five low- and middle-income countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The estimated sample size for comparison of the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment is a total of 2200 children. The primary outcome will include rates of cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, vision impairment, mental and motor development, and epilepsy and will be assessed by the age of 3 years. The analysis will be by intention to treat. DISCUSSION Immediate KMC can potentially reduce low-birth-weight-associated complications such as respiratory disease, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and infection that can result in impaired neurocognitive development. Neuroprotection may also be mediated by improved physiological stabilization that may lead to better maturation of neural pathways, reduced risk of hypoxia, positive parental impact, improved sleep cycles, and improved stress responses. The present study will help in evaluating the overall impact of KMC by investigating the long-term effect on neurodevelopmental impairment in the survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2019/11/021899. Registered on 06 November 2019. Trials registration of parent trial: ACTRN12618001880235; Clinical Trials Registry-India: CTRI/2018/08/015369.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Adejuyigbe
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - I Agyeman
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1934, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P Anand
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - H C Anyabolu
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - S Arya
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - E N Assenga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, 255, Tanzania
| | - S Badhal
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - N W Brobby
- Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - H K Chellani
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - N Chopra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - P K Debata
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Q Dube
- Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - T Dua
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Gadama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - R Gera
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - C K Hammond
- Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - S Jain
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - F Kantumbiza
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - K Kawaza
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - E N Kija
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, 255, Tanzania
| | - P Lal
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences &, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - M Mallewa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - M K Manu
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1934, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - A Mehta
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - T Mhango
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - H E Naburi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, 255, Tanzania
| | - S Newton
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - I Nyanor
- Research and Development, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1934, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - P A Nyako
- Department of Psychiatry, Child And Adolescent Mental Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, P.O. Box 1934, Adum, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - O J Oke
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria
| | - A Patel
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Epilepsy & Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - G Phlange-Rhule
- Clinical Development Services Agency (CDSA), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, PO Box #04, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - R Sehgal
- Department of Pediatrics, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - R Singhal
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, PO Box #04, 121001, Faridabad, India
| | - N Wadhwa
- Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3Rd MilestonePost Box #04, Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India.
| | - A B Yiadom
- Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Jain P, Wadhwa N, Diwaker P, Joshi MK, Mishra K. Alteration in key oncoprotein expression in gastric adenocarcinoma - An immunohistochemical study. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S0. [PMID: 37147954 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_760_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency and clinicopathologic correlates of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)/neu and betacatenin (BC) oncoproteins in gastric adenocarcinoma and to seek correlation if any between their expression status. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional analytical immunohistochemistry (IHC) study was performed on 50 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. HER-2/neu immunoexpression was scored as per criteria by Ruschoff et al. as positive (3+), equivocal (2+), and negative (1+, 0). Aberrant BC expression was categorized as nuclear, cytoplasmic, and reduced membranous immunoexpression. Protein expression results of both oncoproteins were correlated with conventional clinicopathological parameters. Correlation between immunoexpression profiles of both proteins was also analyzed. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results HER-2/neu positivity (2 + and 3+) was seen in 94% of the cases; almost 60% had strong (3+) expression. All cases showed aberrant BC immunoexpression (any pattern) except 2 cases that revealed negative expression (a form of aberrant immunoexpression) and were removed from analysis due to a very small number. The pattern of BC expression was as follows: nuclear expression (38%), cytoplasmic expression (82%), reduced membranous expression (96%), no staining (4%) cases. HER-2/neu expression correlated with age. No significant correlation was found between any of the 2 oncoprotein immunoexpression and other clinicopathological parameters (P > 0.05). Concordance between protein expression of HER-2/neu and BC was seen in >93% cases, however, the correlation was not significant. Conclusion HER-2/neu and BC oncoprotein expression are frequently dysregulated in gastric adenocarcinomas. The significance of pathways involving HER-2/neu and BC in gastric carcinogenesis should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Jain
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Joshi
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Mishra
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
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More S, Wadhwa N, Jain BK, Mishra K. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1/CD31) in intestinal tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 135:102229. [PMID: 35779496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi More
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, GTB Enclave, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, GTB Enclave, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Bhupendra K Jain
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, GTB Enclave, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Kiran Mishra
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, GTB Enclave, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, Delhi, 110095, India.
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Mirghani HM, Wadhwa N, Jahangir F, Abdel Hak OW, Uppal S. Case report: Chorionic bump detected in the third trimester. J Clin Ultrasound 2022; 50:82-85. [PMID: 34085286 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A chorionic bump (CB) is a focal irregular bulge in the surrounding choriodecidual due to hematoma. The incidence of CB is between 1.5 and 7 per 1000 pregnancies. The presence of a chorionic bump is associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. CB often decreases in size with time and rarely persists beyond the first trimester. Our case report presents and discusses a chorionic bump diagnosed in the third trimester. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CB to reported in the third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham M Mirghani
- Fetal Medicine Department, Danat Al Emarat Hospital for Women and Children, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Laboratory Services, Histopathology, Danat Al Emarat Hospital for Women and Children, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fareeda Jahangir
- Fetal Medicine Department, Danat Al Emarat Hospital for Women and Children, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oruba Waleed Abdel Hak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Danat Al Emarat Hospital for Women and Children, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shweta Uppal
- Laboratory Services, Histopathology, Danat Al Emarat Hospital for Women and Children, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Wadhwa N, Arora T, Aggarwal D, Pandhi D, Diwaker P, Arora V. Evaluation of hTERT gene expression and chromosome 7 copy number variation in anal squamous intra-epithelial lesions: A pilot study. J Cytol 2022; 39:14-19. [PMID: 35341108 PMCID: PMC8955695 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_26_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Akin to cervical squamous intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN), anal squamous intra-epithelial lesion (a-SIL) is attributed to persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus infection. Amplification of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene and aneuploidy are known to correlate with CIN evolution. It is plausible that the underlying genetic events in a-SIL are similar. We conducted this cross-sectional analytical study with the objective of determining expression of hTERT gene expression and chromosome 7, as marker of cell ploidy in a-SIL. Methods: Conventional anal cytology was performed in 86 adult consenting subjects with history of receptive anal intercourse (RAI) and 4 controls without history of RAI. Cases with a-SIL and controls were subjected to fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) to evaluate hTERT gene and chromosome 7 expression, as marker of cell ploidy. Results were expressed as number of abnormal nuclei (≥3 respective signals), maximum degree of amplification, mean signals/nucleus and proportion of cases showing abnormal nuclei. Results: Twenty cases showed a-SIL; with 15 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 3 low grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion (LSIL) and 2 cases of high-risk cytology. Expression of both hTERT gene and chromosome 7 increased from controls to ASCUS to LSIL with concomitant increase in proportion of cases having abnormal hTERT gene and chromosome 7 expression. Conclusions: Positive association of hTERT gene with a-SIL suggests its possible role in evolution of anal squamous abnormalities. Increase in chromosome 7 also correlated positively with a-SIL. These findings corroborate the similarities between squamous carcinogenesis in CIN and a-SIL.
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Jain P, Arora T, Wadhwa N, Joshi MK. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is frequently over-expressed in gastric carcinoma in north Indian patients. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1136-1137. [PMID: 34528580 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_23_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Jain
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanvi Arora
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Joshi
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Dixit S, Diwaker P, Wadhwa N, Arora VK. Galectin-3 and CD117 immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions: A pilot study. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 49:1129-1137. [PMID: 34297482 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indeterminate thyroid lesions have always been a grey zone in the field of thyroid cytopathology. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) has emerged as a promising tool to correctly classify these indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. Hence we planned to assess a panel of immune markers in the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions consisting of Galectin-3, considered positive for malignancy and CD117 which is positive in benign follicular epithelial cells and negative in malignant lesions. METHODS All the thyroid aspirates reported as indeterminate lesions over a period of 3 years were evaluated. Galectin-3 and CD117 immunocytochemistry was done in 50 alcohol fixed Pap stained smears of AUS/FLUS, FN/SFN and SM category lesions. The expression of both immune markers was assessed by semi-quantitative method and ICC score was calculated. RESULT Of 50 indeterminate lesions, 29 were positive for Galectin-3 and 21 were negative. CD117 was positive in 19 cases and rests 31 were negative. With the use of this ICC panel 29/30 indeterminate lesions in which histopathological correlation was available could be recategorized correctly into benign and malignant. The combined sensitivity and specificity of Galectin-3 and CD117 for categorising the indeterminate lesions into malignant category was 100%. CONCLUSION The combined use of positive and negative immune markers for thyroid malignancy increases the sensitivity and specificity of ICC to categorise the indeterminate thyroid lesions into benign and malignant. In cases with discordant ICC results we propose that inclusion of one additional positive and/or negative marker may resolve the diagnostic dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Dixit
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod K Arora
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Aggarwal D, Wadhwa N, Arora T, Rajaram S, Diwaker P, Halder A, Jain M, Mishra K. Human telomerase RNA component (hTERC) gene expression and chromosome 7 ploidy correlate positively with histological grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cytopathology 2021; 32:631-639. [PMID: 33848025 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical cancer screening by primary human papilloma virus detection and cytology is fraught with low specificity and variable sensitivity, respectively. Cytology-histology correlation remains modest. Biomarkers associated with early genetic events in cervical squamous carcinogenesis and detectable in cytology material are likely to be relevant. Human telomerase RNA component (hTERC) gene overexpression and aneuploidy are promising candidates in view of their reported early and consistent association with cervical squamous oncogenesis. METHODS We analysed hTERC gene expression and chromosome 7 ploidy by fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) in 50 women with cytological precursor squamous intraepithelial lesions and available histology outcomes. Results were expressed as percentages of cells showing ≥3 signals, mean signals/nucleus, and maximum amplitude across various cytology and histology categories. Proportions of positive cases were calculated from threshold values derived from 6 controls. Distribution of above indices with respect to ≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 (CIN2) was explored. RESULTS For both genetic aberrations, there was significant positive correlation (for all indices) between the proportion of positive cases and worsening cytological and histological outcomes (P < .05), with significant intergroup differences (P < .05). High-grade lesions (≥CIN2) had significantly higher results compared to <CIN2 lesions (P ≤ .001). In five discordant cases with ≥CIN2 under- or overdiagnosed on cytology, FISH supported the histological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS HTERC gene amplification and chromosome 7 ploidy showed positive association with cervical squamous carcinogenesis and could be relevant in settings of discrepant cytology-histology correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanvi Arora
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Rajaram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Halder
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Jain
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Mishra
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Wadhwa N, Arora T, Pandhi D, Diwaker P, Arora V. Transgenders are the most vulnerable amongst individuals engaging in receptive anal intercourse: A cross-sectional study from North India. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4463-4470. [PMID: 35280623 PMCID: PMC8884333 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_634_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In India, sexuality not confirming to hetero-conjugal and peno-vaginal norm is abhorred and discriminated against. Individuals engaging in Receptive Anal Intercourse (RAI) are marginalized. Reappraisal of their sexual health conditions is likely to promote inclusive health care. Methods: Eighty-five consenting adults with RAI history were recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Clinico-demographic data was noted and anal cytology samples were reported by Bethesda 2014 terminology. Results: There were 29 transgenders (TGs), 51 males (31 bisexual) and five females. Fifty-four subjects were Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected (22 TGs, 31 males (17 bisexual) and one female) and 52 were receiving anti-retroviral treatment (ART). Thirty-one subjects had anal warts (6 TGs, 20 males, five females). Anal cytology revealed squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) in 20 (5 TGs, 13 males, two females). TGs had significantly risker sexual practices than homosexual males, bisexual males and females, with consistently earlier age of first RAI exposure and frequent childhood (≤16 years) RAI experience compared to homosexual males, bisexual males and females, even after stratification by HIV status, warts and SIL. Conclusions: TGs had the highest sexual health risk profile including higher frequency of HIV infection compared to other subjects with RAI history. Bisexuality was common; their risk profile was variably lower than homosexual males. Mindfulness of above is likely to help overcome barriers to health care access and promote compassionate approach at all levels including primary care physicians.
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Jain P, Wadhwa N, Joshi MK, Jain M, Halder A, Mishra K. Cellular mesenchymal epithelial transition (C-MET) gene copy number variation in gastric adenocarcinoma: A pilot search for new marker for targeted therapy in HER-2/neu resistance. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2020; 63:86-89. [PMID: 32031129 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_396_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing HER-2/neu resistance in gastric carcinoma has encouraged search for new biomarkers for targeted therapy. Cellular mesenchymal epithelial transition (C-MET) is one such tyrosine kinase inhibitor proposed for personalized salvage treatment. We determined frequency of C-MET gene copy number variation (CNV) by Fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) and sought its correlation with conventional clinicopathologic parameters. Dual-coloured FISH was done on 32 GAC cases. C-MET gene and centromere 7 signals were counted under fluorescent microscope and ratio was calculated for each case. Correlation between C-MET CNV and conventional clinic-pathologic parameters was done by Fischer exact test. CNV was identified in the form of amplification and polysomy (3.1% each) and associated with poorer prognostic parameters. Our pilot study highlights limited subset of patients that may benefit from anti-C-MET-targeted therapy and thus could be a novel biomarker for targeted intervention in GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Jain
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit K Joshi
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Manish Jain
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Halder
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Mishra
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Chandran J, Wadhwa N, Madhu SV, Kumar R, Sharma S. Monocyte CD36 expression associates with atherosclerotic burden in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 163:108156. [PMID: 32333967 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By virtue of its role in oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake and foam cell transformation, monocyte CD36 (mCD36) is a potential non-invasive tool to detect atherosclerosis (ATH) in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS Flowcytometric expression of mCD36 was evaluated with reference to ankle brachial index (ABI) in 70 patients of type 2 DM [40 with and 30 without coronary artery disease (CAD) respectively] and 30 age and gender matched normoglycemic controls (NGCs). RESULTS DM patients had significantly higher mCD36 indices than NGCs (p < 0.001). The mCD36 expression was significantly higher in DM persons with CAD and those with poor glycemia control (glycosylated haemoglobin, HbA1c ≥ 7%) than their respective counterparts (p < 0.001 for both). Thirty subjects had compromised ABI (≤0.9); all were DM persons with CAD. ABI compromised subjects had consistently higher mCD36 indices than all other sub-groups (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Notably, within the ABI-uncompromised group, mCD36 indices differed significantly and showed progressive increase from NGCs to diabetics without and with CAD respectively. CONCLUSIONS mCD36 plays an important role in atherogenesis. With reference to ABI, mCD36 performed robustly as a marker of ATH. Furthermore, it could stratify subjects within the 'ABI-uncompromised group' commensurate with their conventional clinico-pathological ATH risk predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Chandran
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India; Department of Pathology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India(1)
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India.
| | - S V Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Rajive Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India; Department of Pathology, Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Patna 801505, India(1)
| | - Satendra Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
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12
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Wadhwa N, Aggarwal D. Abject health concern in elderly: Cutaneous metastasis of malignant melanoma of anal canal. Indian J Med Res 2020; 152:S191-S192. [PMID: 35345200 PMCID: PMC8257122 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2304_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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13
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Sharma A, Ahuja S, Diwaker P, Wadhwa N, Arora VK. Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: A diagnostic dilemma on cytology. Malays J Pathol 2019; 41:191-194. [PMID: 31427555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) represents 1-6% of parotid gland neoplasms. CASE REPORT We report cytomorphological features of two uncommon variants of acinic cell carcinoma. The first case was an eleven-year-old female with a nodular mass in parotid and the FNA smears demonstrated a lymphoepithelial lesion composed of epithelial tumour cells with features of acinar cells in a lymphoid background. The second case was a 62-year-old male with a large parotid mass. The FNA smears revealed presence of extracellular, acellular amyloid-like material with tumour cells arranged in follicles. DISCUSSION Awareness of cytomorphological features of these unusual variants of acinic cell carcinoma may help to avoid diagnostic pitfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- University College of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Delhi, India.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Yadav
- 1 Medical Superintendent, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Roli Bansal
- 2 Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupama Tandon
- 3 Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- 4 Director Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuchi Bhatt
- 5 Professor, Department of Radiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
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15
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Singh N, Siddarth M, Ghosh R, Banerjee B, Kare PK, Wadhwa N, Tripathi AK. Role of organochlorine pesticide in initiating endothelial dysfunction mediated via cytochrome P4501A1. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.11.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Aggarwal N, Lopez R, Gabbard S, Wadhwa N, Devaki P, Thota PN. Spectrum of esophageal dysmotility in systemic sclerosis on high-resolution esophageal manometry as defined by Chicago classification. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-6. [PMID: 28881879 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The classic manometric findings in systemic sclerosis are aperistalsis of the esophageal body with hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter. These changes contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease in these patients. With widespread use of high-resolution esophageal manometry, diverse abnormalities are seen. The aim of this study is to characterize esophageal dysmotility in patients with systemic sclerosis undergoing high-resolution esophageal manometry and compare demographic features and diagnostic test results among patients with varying degrees of esophageal dysmotility. Patients with systemic sclerosis who underwent high-resolution esophageal manometry between January 2008 and October 2014 at our institution were identified. High-resolution esophageal manometry studies were reinterpreted using the Chicago Classification, v3.0 criteria. We also reviewed the patient charts for demographic data, indications for manometry, esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings, pH studies, medication use, and autoantibody panel. The cohort consisted of 122 patients with a mean age of 53.3 ± 15.3 years. High-resolution esophageal manometry was normal in 23, showed ineffective esophageal motility in 22, absent contractility in 73, and one case each of type II achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, hypercontractile esophagus, and distal esophageal spasm. Patients with absent contractility were younger and more likely to have erosive esophagitis, hiatal hernia, and esophageal strictures than patients with ineffective esophageal motility or normal manometry. There were no statistically significant differences in the groups based on autoantibodies or indications for manometry. Diverse esophageal motility abnormalities were noted in systemic sclerosis with ineffective esophageal motility or absent contractility observed in over three-fourth of the patients. Patients with absent contractility were younger and had more severe reflux. The severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease related endoscopic findings correlated with the degree of esophageal dysmotility on high-resolution esophageal manometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aggarwal
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - R Lopez
- Biostatistics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - S Gabbard
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - N Wadhwa
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - P Devaki
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - P N Thota
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
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17
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Wadhwa N, Diwaker P, Lotha N, Arora VK, Singh N. Cytokeratin 20 immunocytochemistry on urine sediments: A potential low-cost adjunct to cytology in the diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma. Cytopathology 2017; 28:531-535. [PMID: 28940433 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine cytology is the corner-stone for the diagnosis of urothelial neoplasia; however, a substantial proportion of low-grade carcinomas are reported as inconclusive owing to scant cellularity and subtle cytological features. Biomarkers applied on urine sediment smears of such patients are likely to be clinically relevant. Access to Food and Drug Administration approved urinary biomarkers in resource limited setting is poor. Detection of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in urine sediments, although still a research tool, is a promising marker as immunocytochemistry is performed regularly in several Indian laboratories. OBJECTIVE We tested the clinical utility of CK20 immunocytochemistry as a potential low-cost adjunct to urine cytology in diagnosis of low-grade urothelial carcinoma. One hundred and fifty fresh, voided urine specimens from 42 cases of biopsy proven urothelial neoplasia (14 high grade, 28 combined low-grade [n=26]) and low malignant potential [n=2]), and 20 non-neoplastic lesions were included in the study sample. RESULTS Confident diagnosis of malignancy was possible in five (17.8%) low-grade malignancies. Thirteen of 16 (81.3%) low-grade malignancies with inconclusive cytology showed positive CK20 expression. This reduced the proportion of low-grade cases with inconclusive cytology from 57.1% to 10.7% (P=.021). In addition, we could correctly classify one case of bladder lithiasis with false positive urine cytology. Discrepant CK20 staining (positive) was seen in one patient with acute cystitis. CONCLUSIONS CK20 expression in non-umbrella cells is a robust marker of urinary bladder carcinoma. It has potential clinical utility for identification of low-grade urothelial malignancy with inconclusive cytological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Shahdra, Delhi, India
| | - P Diwaker
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Shahdra, Delhi, India
| | - N Lotha
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Shahdra, Delhi, India
| | - V K Arora
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Shahdra, Delhi, India
| | - N Singh
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Shahdra, Delhi, India
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18
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Tandon A, Srivastava P, Manchanda S, Wadhwa N, Gupta N, Kaur N, Pant CS, Pal R, Bhatt S. Role of Sonography in Predicting the Hormone Receptor Status of Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479317721663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of sonography in identifying the receptor status of breast cancer. Sonograms were performed on 73 patients with breast cancer by two experienced sonologists, and the sonographic features such as tumor size, shape, margins, vascularity, posterior acoustic features, and architectural distortion of surrounding tissues were studied. These were then correlated with the receptor status, that is, triple negative versus non-triple negative. Triple-negative breast cancer was associated with large size, circumscribed margins, posterior acoustic enhancement, high vascularity, and lack of architectural distortion. Non-triple-negative breast cancer tumors revealed smaller sizes with spiculated margins, posterior shadowing, lower vascularity, and architectural distortion of surrounding tissues. Sonography revealed a high sensitivity and specificity (84.0% and 81.2%, respectively) on multivariate analysis for identifying receptor status prospectively. Interobserver agreement was also good. In conclusion, sonography may play a valuable role in prospectively predicting the receptor status in breast cancer and can serve as a potential tool for detecting triple-negative cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Tandon
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, University College of Medical Sciences, and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Prachi Srivastava
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, University College of Medical Sciences, and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Smita Manchanda
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Natasha Gupta
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, University College of Medical Sciences, and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - C. S. Pant
- Col Pant’s Imaging Centre, Green Park (Main), New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Pal
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, University College of Medical Sciences, and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuchi Bhatt
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, University College of Medical Sciences, and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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19
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Kumar C, Jain P, Wadhwa N, Diwaker P, Khan N. Nosocomial Jejunal Mucormycosis - an Unusual Cause of Perforation Peritonitis. Iran J Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2017.25840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Agarwal R, Tiwari A, Wadhwa N, Radhakrishnan G. Placental histopathological findings in preterm/term and early/late onset small for gestation age: Are they significant? INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2017. [PMID: 28631641 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_390_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We undertook a prospective comparison of placental histopathological findings in preterm versus term and early onset versus late onset small for gestation age (SGA) to find more information on the etiological aspects of this disorder. A total of 130 women with nonanomalous SGA were allocated into preterm (n = 60); term (n = 70); early onset (n = 9) and late onset (n = 121) groups. The blinded intergroup placental histopathology comparison was performed both qualitatively (type of lesion) and quantitatively (number of the lesion). All SGA placentae showed varying number of maternal underperfusion (MUP), fetal under perfusion, inflammatory, and others lesions. There was a slight higher percentage of placenta having MUP in preterm and early onset SGA. Perivillous fibrin deposition was peculiar for placenta of preterm SGA (P = 0.043). Both preterm and early onset SGA had a higher number of placental lesions, but there was no statistical difference either in type or number of the placental lesion in any of the examined groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Tiwari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Gita Radhakrishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
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21
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Bhardwaj N, Diwaker P, Gogoi P, Wadhwa N, Mishra K. Ichthyosis Uteri Associated with Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ED24-ED25. [PMID: 28764184 PMCID: PMC5535377 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27951.10116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of the entire or extensive parts of endometrial lining by stratified squamous epithelium is a rare entity known as ichthyosis uteri. It is considered to be a benign condition but may be associated with dysplastic changes and primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Its association with endometrial adenocarcinoma is very rare. The aetiology of this condition is not clearly understood till date. We report a case of ichthyosis uteri associated with endometrial adenocarcinoma in a 70-year-old female who presented with complaint of per-vaginal bleeding for six months and underwent hysterectomy after being diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. Microscopic examination of sections revealed endometrioid adenocarcinoma International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Grade 3 along with extensive replacement of the endometrial lining by stratified squamous epithelium, consistent with ichthyosis uteri. Although ichthyosis uteri is considered benign and its malignant potential is yet to be established, its association with endometrial malignancies, both squamous and adenocarcinoma, necessitates extensive sampling of the uterus if any focus of squamous metaplasia is identified in a hysterectomy specimen, to rule out a co-existing carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Bhardwaj
- Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Gogoi
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Mishra
- Ex-Director Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Abstract
The nose is an uncommon site for head and neck paraganglioma. The diagnosis is seldom established pre-operatively; its rarity, infrequent functionality and often benign biologic outcome underlie this fact. We present one such case in a 60-year-old man who presented with right nasal obstruction and episodic epistaxis. Rhinoscopy revealed a fleshy polypoid mass arising from the anterior cartilaginous nasal septum. Imaging studies excluded extra-nasal extension. The tumor was highly vascular showing numerous variable sized, mostly thin walled branching blood vessels akin to stag-horn shape simulating a vascular neoplasm. There were large areas of hyalinization. The typical tumor morphology was discernible only in focal areas. Immuno-histochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. The tumor cells expressed neuron specific enolase; S-100 stain demonstrated a vague zell-ballen pattern. Paraganglioma is a rare histologic diagnosis in nasal polypectomy specimen. We discuss the approach to exclude its morphologic mimics including vascular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, DELHI, INDIA
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Abstract
Hydatid disease is an infrequent parasitic infestation caused by cestode, most commonly, Echinococcus granulosus. Bone involvement is distinctly uncommon. We would like to share our experience of a rare case of hydatid disease of femur in a 24-year-old male who presented with nonunion of subtrochanteric fracture. Histopathology showed typical lamellated wall and dagger-shaped hooklets. In view of its rarity, hydatid disease often remains an unsuspected infection of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Girotra
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Chadha
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Kumar C, Jain P, Wadhwa N, Diwaker P, Nirupma Panikar K. Nosocomial Jejunal Mucormycosis - an Unusual Cause of Perforation Peritonitis. Iran J Pathol 2017; 12. [PMID: 29531558 PMCID: PMC5835381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare but highly invasive opportunistic fungal infection. Gastrointestinal disease although uncommon is highly fatal. We report a case of jejunal mucormycosis in a 24 year old undernourished female with preceding surgical intervention for acute intestinal obstruction of tubercular etiology. On 8th post-operative day, she developed oozing from suture line, prompting exploratory laparotomy, bowel resection, jejunostomy and ileal mucus fistula. Resected bowel showed one perforation and several areas of impending perforations. Characteristic broad, pauci-septate hyaline, empty looking hyphae with infrequent branching were found transmurally and showing angio-invasion. Local intestinal tissue trauma coupled with her sub-normal immune status permitted this unusual nosocomial infection. Histopathological demonstration of the fungus in surgical specimens remains cornerstone of diagnosis of mucormycosis in view of its non-specific symptoms, low isolation rates of mycological culture and lack of other rapid tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Dept. of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pragya Jain
- Dept. of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Dept. of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India,Corresponding Information: Dr. Neelam Wadhwa, Dept. of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. Tel/fax: 9119873647787
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Dept. of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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25
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Ghosh R, Siddharth M, Singh N, Kare PK, Banerjee BD, Wadhwa N, Tripathi AK. Organochlorine Pesticide-Mediated Induction of NADPH Oxidase and Nitric-Oxide Synthase in Endothelial Cell. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BC09-BC12. [PMID: 28273962 PMCID: PMC5324407 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25276.9315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) are detected ubiquitously in human and have been shown to be associated with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis. AIM To find out the effect of organochlorine pesticides in endothelial cell with regard to oxidative stress and associated expression of enzymes producing superoxide and Nitric Oxide (NO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) were cultured and treated with four OCPs which were found in human blood at a concentration of 0.1μM. The cells were tested for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, NO production and mRNA expression of NAPDH oxidase (p47phox) and endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS). ROS generation was measured by using 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) method. NO was analysed by Bioxytech nitric oxide assay kit method and mRNA of NADPH oxidase and eNOS was quantified by real time PCR. Data were expressed as the mean±SEM. Comparison between the groups were made by student's t-test (2-tailed) or one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc analysis depending on number of groups. For all statistical tests, p< 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS All the four pesticides generated ROS accompanied by enhanced expression of NADPH oxidase. Maximum effect was observed with β-endosulfan. Level of NO was found to be decreased significantly in endothelial cells treated with these pesticides accompanied by enhanced expression of eNOS. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced ROS generation and enhanced NO formation. Pesticide-mediated ROS generation possibly reacts with NO forming peroxinitrite and thereby reducing the bioavailability of NO although eNOS expression is increased. CONCLUSION OCPs induce endothelial dysfunction through increased ROS generation via NADPH oxidase expression and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishila Ghosh
- Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Manushi Siddharth
- Post Doctorate Fellow, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Neeru Singh
- Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Kare
- Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Professor, Department of Patholgy, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tripathi
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Barman S, Diwaker P, Bansal D, Wadhwa N, Singh G. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: An Uncommon Secondary Event in Calcaneal Chondroblastoma. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ED14-6. [PMID: 27504302 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19524.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chondroblastoma is an uncommon benign bone tumour, involvement of epiphysis of long bones is typical. Chondroblastoma of the calcaneum is uncommon and its association with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst is even rarer. Only two cases of calcaneal chondroblastoma associated with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst have been reported till date. A 22-year-old male presented to the department of orthopaedics with complains of pain and swelling in the left heel since the last 10 months. On clinico-radiological grounds differentials considered were giant cell tumour of bone and aneurysmal bone cyst. In view of the histopathological findings of bone curettage and results of special stain and immunohistochemical marker, final diagnosis of chondroblastoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst, left calcaneum was rendered. Although rare, chondroblastoma should always be considered in osteolytic lesions of calcaneum. The identification of secondary aneurysmal bone cyst component is important as it has higher chances of recurrence than usual chondroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Barman
- Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital , Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital , Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Divya Bansal
- Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital , Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital , Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Senior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital , Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
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Gupta A, Prakash P, Rattan A, Wadhwa N, Kumar S, Rathi V. Spectrum of Presentation of Anorectal Malignant Melanoma: Experience of a Tertiary Care Centre of North India. Gulf J Oncolog 2016; 1:70-73. [PMID: 27250893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma of the anorectum is a rare but highly aggressive tumor. We report our experience of anorectal melanoma in five patients. Of these, two have advanced disease, two had localized disease and one patient had florid systemic metastases with a history of hemorrhoidectomy one year prior. One patient whose metastatic workup was negative, expired on post-op day 15 of abdominoperineal resection due to unsuspected but florid cerebral metastases. Another patient with localized disease underwent an APR with curative resection and post-op whole body PET scan negative for occult or residual disease. Advanced stage patients were referred for chemotherapy. To improve prognosis, it is important to detect anorectal melanoma at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - P Prakash
- Department of Surgery, UCMS and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A Rattan
- Department of Surgery, UCMS and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - N Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Surgery, UCMS and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - V Rathi
- Department of Radiology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Myeloid sarcoma, considered to herald the onset of a blast crisis in the setting of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm/dysplasia, typically presents during the course of the disorder. Cutaneous involvement is uncommon and lesions on genital skin are seldom seen. We present a case of a well-differentiated myeloid sarcoma in the penile foreskin in an apparently healthy 29-year-old male presenting with phimosis. The unusual composition of the inflammatory cell infiltrate, and characteristic sparing of dermal blood vessels, nerves and smooth muscle fibres led to the correct diagnosis. Absence of commonly observed changes in the circumcision skin like those of balanitis xerotica was also helpful. Detailed hematological work up revealed a previously undiagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. The patient also had simultaneous priapism, another rare presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia. One year hence, the patient is in hematological remission with no evidence of extramedullary disease. Although priapism has been described as a rare presenting symptom in chronic myeloid leukemia, the present case is unique as this is the first time a cutaneous myeloid sarcoma has been documented in the penile foreskin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruquiya Afrose
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, DELHI, INDIA
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindiya Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India and
| | - Kiran Guleria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India and
| | - Amita Suneja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India and
| | - Neelam B. Vaid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India and
| | - Shalini Rajaram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India and
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Neurofibroma is a benign neoplasm derived from peripheral nerves. Most of these are associated with neurofibromatosis but may also occur as solitary lesions. When found in the neck, they are often located in the soft tissues. They are slow-growing masses, often asymptomatic and have been found most commonly in the oral cavity. We report a case of neurofibroma involving two separate and unusual sites of face, which are subcutaneous tissues of the cheek and dorsum of nose, and present a brief review of literature.
How to cite this article
Gupta N, Kaur R, Rai A, Wadhwa N, Singh PP. Neurofibroma of the Cheek and Nasal Dorsum: A Case Report and a Mini Review. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):62-64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Pandhi
- Department of Dermatology and STD; University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Archana Singal
- Department of Dermatology and STD; University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology; University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital; University of Delhi; Delhi India
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Andersen KH, Berge T, Gonçalves RJ, Hartvig M, Heuschele J, Hylander S, Jacobsen NS, Lindemann C, Martens EA, Neuheimer AB, Olsson K, Palacz A, Prowe AEF, Sainmont J, Traving SJ, Visser AW, Wadhwa N, Kiørboe T. Characteristic Sizes of Life in the Oceans, from Bacteria to Whales. Ann Rev Mar Sci 2015; 8:217-241. [PMID: 26163011 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The size of an individual organism is a key trait to characterize its physiology and feeding ecology. Size-based scaling laws may have a limited size range of validity or undergo a transition from one scaling exponent to another at some characteristic size. We collate and review data on size-based scaling laws for resource acquisition, mobility, sensory range, and progeny size for all pelagic marine life, from bacteria to whales. Further, we review and develop simple theoretical arguments for observed scaling laws and the characteristic sizes of a change or breakdown of power laws. We divide life in the ocean into seven major realms based on trophic strategy, physiology, and life history strategy. Such a categorization represents a move away from a taxonomically oriented description toward a trait-based description of life in the oceans. Finally, we discuss life forms that transgress the simple size-based rules and identify unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Andersen
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
| | - T Berge
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - R J Gonçalves
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1033AAJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión, 9103 Rawson, Argentina
| | - M Hartvig
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Systemic Conservation Biology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Heuschele
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
| | - S Hylander
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - N S Jacobsen
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
| | - C Lindemann
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
| | - E A Martens
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A B Neuheimer
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - K Olsson
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
| | - A Palacz
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
| | - A E F Prowe
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - J Sainmont
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
| | - S J Traving
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - A W Visser
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
| | - N Wadhwa
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Kiørboe
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life and
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark;
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Gupta A, Chaddha B, Prakash P, Pathak P, Wadhwa N. Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: A Rare and unusual histological variant of prostatic carcinoma. Asian J Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinosarcoma of Prostate also known as Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare biphasic malignancy with a malignant epithelial component (carcinomatous) and a malignant mesenchymal component. We report a case of this rare and unusual histological variant of prostatic carcinoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i5.12336 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(5) 2015 69-70
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Grover SK, Agarwal S, Gupta S, Wadhwa N, Sharma N. Expression of estrogen receptor β and Ki 67 in benign & malignant human prostate lesions by immunohistochemistry. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:651-7. [PMID: 25527409 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen regulates the growth of prostate through two receptors Estrogen receptor α & β of which ERβ is proposed to be antiproliferative. There is a wide variation in the results of various studies regarding the localisation, level of expression of ERβ in benign & malignant lesions of prostate and its relation to the grade of tumor emphasizing the need for additional studies to standardize the distribution of this receptor in prostate. This was a prospective study conducted in Department of Pathology, UCMS, Delhi, evaluating ERβ & Ki 67 immunoexpression in 60 cases of benign and malignant lesions of prostate (30 each). Tissue for study included prostatic core biopsy and TURP chips. After histomorphological diagnosis, immunohistochemical staining was performed using a monoclonal antibody. Nuclear expression of ERβ & Ki67 was evaluated and compared between the two study groups (benign & malignant lesions) using Pearson chi square test. ERβ was predominantly localized to nuclei of secretory epithelium of prostatic glands. Expression of ERβ was higher in benign glands compared to carcinoma. However, majority of carcinomas retained ERβ expression though at much lower levels. Expression of Ki 67 was higher in carcinoma than benign hyperplasia. There was no correlation between the ERβ status, Ki 67 expression & grade of tumor. Expression of ERβ is downregulated in carcinoma compared to benign hyperplasia and is consistent with its chemopreventive role in prostate. It might have a therapeutic implication as agonists' targeting this receptor could be a part of treatment protocol for those patients of carcinoma who retain this receptor at significant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrruti K Grover
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, B-37/7, Double Storey, Ramesh Nagar, New Delhi, 110015, India,
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Tanveer N, Kaur N, Mishra K, Wadhwa N, Singh N. Is it Askin Tumour? A Question You Must Ask Even in Elderly. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:FD21-3. [PMID: 25478359 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9522.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour of chest wall has been given the name Askin tumour after FB Askin who first reported this distinctive clinicopathologic entity in 1979. Most of the patients are either children or adolescents, however, rarely it may affect older patients. This case report emphasizes on the diagnostic approach to this rare tumour and underlines the importance of keeping it in the differential diagnosis even in elderly patients. Since it is an aggressive tumour, a high index of suspicion is required to make a timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Tanveer
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences , Delhi, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Professor, Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences , Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Mishra
- Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences , Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences , Delhi, India
| | - Navjeevan Singh
- Professor, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences , Delhi, India
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Abstract
Bladder cancer is a major health-care concern. A successful treatment of bladder cancer depends on its early diagnosis at the initial stage. Genetic instability is an essential early step toward the development of bladder cancer. This instability is found more often at the chromosomal level than at the nucleotide level. Microsatellite and chromosomal instability markers can be used as a prognostic marker for screening bladder cancer. Bladder cancer can be distinguished in two different categories according to genetic instability: Cancers with chromosomal level instability and cancers with nucleotide level instability. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair (MMR) system and its correlation with other biologic pathway, both are essential to understand the basic mechanisms of cancer development. Microsatellite instability occurs due to defects in DNA MMR genes, including human mutL homolog 1 and human mutL homolog 2. Chromosomal alterations including deletions on chromosome 3, 8, 9, 11, 13, 17 have been detected in bladder cancer. In the current review, the most recent literature of genetic instability in urinary bladder cancer has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wadhwa
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Gupta N, Wadhwa N, Goyal A. Tuberculosis of nasopharynx masquerading as angiofibroma. Indian J Tuberc 2014; 61:250-253. [PMID: 25241576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is a rare entity. We present a case of nasopharyngeal tuberculosis in an adolescent male which masqueraded as angiofibroma because of its clinical presentation and radiological features. Histopathology played a critical role in proper management of the case. We report this case because of its atypical presentation and clinical rarity.
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Wadhwa N, Joshi R, Mangal N, Khan NP, Joshi M. Cytopathologic diagnosis of spontaneous infarction of fibroadenoma of the breast. Turk Patoloji Derg 2014; 30:237-40. [PMID: 24585349 DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2014.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infarction is an uncommon event in a fibroadenoma, which is the commonest benign tumor of the breast. Most often it occurs in pregnancy, lactation or is secondary to fine needle aspiration. Spontaneous infarction of a fibroadenoma in the absence of a predisposing condition is very rare. The cytopathologic features of infarction are necrosis and worrisome nuclear features, which are often misinterpreted as either inflammation or malignancy. We detail a report of accurate cytopathologic diagnosis of spontaneous infarction of fibroadenoma in a 17-year-old adolescent non pregnant girl. Careful attention to the cytopathologic clues like uniform thickness of the necrotic epithelial fragments, branching pattern reminiscent of the staghorn pattern despite atypical nuclear features and clinical details like young age of the patient and recent onset pain in a pre-existing lump helped arrive at the correct diagnosis and spared the patient of a radical excision. To the best of our knowledge, there are no earlier reports of correct cytopathologic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of DELHI, INDIA
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), the commonest malignancy of osteoarticular origin, is a very aggressive neoplasm. Divergent histologic differentiation is common in OS; hence triple diagnostic approach is essential in all cases. 20% cases are atypical owing to lack of concurrence among clinicoradiologic and pathologic features necessitating resampling. Recognition of specific anatomic and histologic variants is essential in view of better outcome. Traditional prognostic factors of OS do stratify patients for short term outcome, but often fail to predict their long term outcome. Considering the negligible improvement in the patient outcome during the last 20 years, search for novel prognostic factors is in progress like ezrin vascular endothelial growth factor, chemokine receptors, dysregulation of various micro ribonucleic acid are potentially promising. Their utility needs to be validated by long term followup studies before they are incorporated in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Shahdra, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Neelam Wadhwa, Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Shahdra, New Delhi - 110 095, India. E-mail:
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Bansal A, Chakraborti KL, Mahajan S, Soni S, Wadhwa N. Radiological Findings of a Large Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans with Pathological Correlation. Hong Kong J Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1312106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Gupta A, Jain J, Kumar A, Kumar S, Wadhwa N. Triple Negative Breast Cancer-An Overview and Review of Literature. Asian J Med Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v3i2.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer refers to a specific subtype of breast cancer that does not express the genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) or Her2/neu. About 12-17 % of ca breast have triple negative ca breast This subtype of breast cancer is clinically characterized as more aggressive and less responsive to standard treatment and associated with overall poorer prognosis. Chemotherapy is the choice of systemic therapy for triple-negative tumors. They are more susceptible to non-receptor mediated therapies than other tumors. A number of new strategies are currently being tested in clinical trials.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i2.5384 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 16-20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) expression is likely to be useful in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. This study evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of nCD64 expression as an early indicator of neonatal sepsis. METHODS Sixty neonates (culture positive, 24; negative, 36) with suspected sepsis and 30 controls were studied prospectively. CD64 expression was evaluated flow cytometrically on neutrophils and monocytes. Mean and median nCD64 expression, mean and median monocyte CD64/nCD64 (M/N CD64) ratios were computed. Results were correlated with blood culture and other conventional indices of sepsis. RESULTS The sick neonates had significantly higher mean and median nCD64 expression compared with controls. Monocyte CD64 values did not differ significantly among the groups. Both mean and median M/N CD64 ratios were significantly lower in the former group. Culture-positive neonates had significantly higher mean and median nCD64 values and significantly lower mean and median M/N CD64 ratios than clinically indistinguishable but culture-negative neonates. Both groups were significantly different with respect to these indices from normal controls. Median M/N CD64 ratio was the best discriminant by virtue of highest area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.903), with sensitivity and specificity of 91.7% and 88.9%, respectively. Conventional indices were inferior, both singly and in combination. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced nCD64 reported as median M/N CD64 ratio is a highly sensitive marker of culture-positive neonatal sepsis. It additionally identifies a separate group among culture-negative sick neonates and may be useful to guide antibiotic administration especially in these neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Soni
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Agrahari S, Wadhwa N. Isolation and characterization of feather degrading enzymes from Bacillus megaterium SN1 isolated from Ghazipur poultry waste site. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2012; 48:199-205. [PMID: 22586913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The SN1 strain of Bacillus megaterium, isolated from soil of Ghazipur poultry waste site (India) produced extracellular caseinolytic and keratinolytic enzymes in basal media at 30 degrees C, 160 rpm in the presence of 10% feather. Feathers were completely degraded after 72 h of incubation. The caesinolytic enzyme was separated from the basal media following ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography. We report 29.3-fold purification of protease after Q Sepharose chromatography. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated to be 30 kDa as shown by SDS-PAGE and zymography studies. Protease activity increased by 2-fold in presence of 10 mM Mn2+ whereas Ba2+ and Hg2+ inhibited it. Ratio of milk clotting activity to caseinolytic was found to be 520.8 activity for the 30-60% ammonium sulphate fraction in presence of Mn2+ ion suggesting potential application in dairy industry. Keratinase was purified to 655.64 fold with specific activity of 544.7 U/mg protein and 12.4% recovery. We adopted the strategy of isolating the keratinolytic and caesinolytic producing microorganism by its selective growing in enriched media and found that feather protein can be metabolized for production of animal feed protein concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Agrahari
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Agrahari S, Wadhwa N. Isolation and characterization of feather degrading enzymes from Bacillus megaterium SN1 isolated from Ghazipur poultry waste site. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683812020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Joshi BG, Wadhwa N. An Unusual Case of Acute Pancreatitis in a Child. J Nepal Paedtr Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascaris lumbricoides is a common intestinal parasite in tropical regions.Pancreatitis due to worm infestation is an uncommon but important cause in this region. While there are reports of pancreatic duct invasion by round worms in adults, such cases are rarely reported in pediatric population. We report one such case in a sixteen year old child. Key words: Ascaris Lumbricoides; Pancreatitis; ERCPDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5484J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 69-70
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Tandon A, Wadhwa N, Jain B, Tandon R, Bhatt S. Intraductal Papilloma of the Extraglandular Segment of the Stensen Duct. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479311431306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of major salivary glands is exceedingly rare. Most reported cases have been diagnosed on histopathology; an extensive literature search found no case where a preoperative imaging diagnosis was suspected or established. This report depicts the sonographic diagnosis of intraductal papilloma of the extraglandular segment of the Stensen duct. The sonographic and histological appearances of this rare entity are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Tandon
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, UCMS & GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Wadhwa
- Department of Pathology, UCMS & GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Bosky Jain
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, UCMS & GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Tandon
- Department of Pathology, Max Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuchi Bhatt
- Department of Radiology & Imaging, UCMS & GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Gandhi A, Garg K, Wadhwa N. Neonatal Plasmodium vivax malaria: an overlooked entity. J Infect Dev Ctries 2011; 5:489-92. [DOI: 10.3855/jidc.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although malaria is endemic in India, neonatal disease is considered rare. We report a case of neonatal malaria in a 26-day-old neonate with fever and splenomegaly who was diagnosed after a long and unsuccessful battery of tests for splenomegaly. Routine screening for malaria is essential for all neonates with fever in endemic areas. Early diagnosis and treatment of malaria could effectively prevent infant mortality.
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