1
|
Fotopoulos NH, Chaumette B, Devenyi GA, Karama S, Chakravarty M, Labbe A, Grizenko N, Schmitz N, Fageera W, Joober R. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and cortical structure in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115791. [PMID: 38367455 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is considered a risk factor for ADHD. While the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood, MSDP may impact the developing brain in ways that lead to ADHD. Here, we investigated the effect of prenatal smoking exposure on cortical brain structures in children with ADHD using two methods of assessing prenatal exposure: maternal recall and epigenetic typing. Exposure groups were defined according to: (1) maternal recall (+MSDP: n = 24; -MSDP: n = 85) and (2) epigenetic markers (EM) (+EM: n = 14 -EM: n = 21). CIVET-1.1.12 and RMINC were used to acquire cortical brain measurements and perform statistical analyses, respectively. The vertex with highest significance was tested for association with Continuous Performance Test (CPT) dimensions. While no differences of brain structures were identified between +MSDP and -MSDP, +EM children (n = 10) had significantly smaller surface area in the right orbitofrontal cortex (ROFc), middle temporal cortex (RTc) and parahippocampal gyrus (RPHg) (15% FDR) compared to -EM children (n = 20). Cortical surface area in the RPHg significantly correlated with CPT commission errors T-scores. This study suggests that molecular markers may better define exposure to environmental risks, as compared to human recall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nellie H Fotopoulos
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Boris Chaumette
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aurelie Labbe
- Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Grizenko
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Weam Fageera
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fotopoulos NH, Devenyi GA, Guay S, Sengupta SM, Chakravarty MM, Grizenko N, Karama S, Joober R. Cumulative exposure to ADHD medication is inversely related to hippocampus subregional volume in children. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102695. [PMID: 34015673 PMCID: PMC8141923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative exposure to ADHD medication characterized as the product of lifetime duration and dose. Medication effects investigated on 51 subregional volumes. Smaller hippocampus CA1 volumes associated with higher medication exposure. Effects remained when correcting for age and ADHD symptom severity. No global effects of medication on cortical thickness or surface area detected.
Background Although there is some evidence for a normalization of brain structure following exposure to ADHD medication, literature on the effects of duration and dose of continued use on the brain is scarce. Here, we investigated the association between cumulative exposure to medication (range 1 week to 4.69 years) and cortical structures and subcortical volumes in a clinical sample of children with ADHD taking medication (n = 109). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural MRI study investigating the effects of cumulative exposure to medication on subregional volumes in children treated for ADHD. Methods Cumulative exposure to ADHD medication (CEM) was defined as the product of duration on medication (days) and dose (mg/day), yielding the area under the curve (total mg). Cortical thickness and surface area measurements (CIVET-1.1.12), and subcortical volumes in 51 regions (MAGeT-Brain) were analyzed using general linear modelling. Results Significant effects of CEM were found in two subregions of the left hippocampus, the CA1 (df = 95; q = 0.003) and the strata radiatum/lacunosum/moleculare (df = 95; q = 0.003). Specifically, higher CEM was associated with smaller volumes within these subregions. No effects of medication exposure were detected on cortical thickness or surface area. Conclusions Although this study is cross-sectional, the results found within this sample of children show that prolonged ADHD medication use at higher doses is significantly associated with smaller hippocampus volumes in specific subregions. More research is required to determine whether these results are reproduced in other samples of children of ADHD, and further, whether these are beneficial or off-target effects of the medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nellie H Fotopoulos
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Guay
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarojini M Sengupta
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Grizenko
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Ridha Joober
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|