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Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, multifunctional cellular organelles that play a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Keeping the quality of mitochondria in check is of essential importance for functioning and survival of the cells. Selective autophagic clearance of flawed mitochondria, a process termed mitophagy, is one of the most prominent mechanisms through which cells maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool. The best-studied pathway through which mitophagy is exerted is the PINK1-PRKN pathway. However, an increasing number of studies have shown an existence of alternative pathways, where different proteins and lipids are able to recruit autophagic machinery independently of PINK1 and PRKN. The significance of PRKN-independent mitophagy pathways is reflected in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, but many questions regarding the regulation and the interplay between these pathways remain open. Here we review the current knowledge and recent progress made in the field of PRKN-independent mitophagy. Particularly we focus on the regulation of various receptors that participate in targeting impaired mitochondria to autophagosomes independently of PRKN.AbbreviationsAMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BH: BCL2 homology; CCCP: Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CL: cardiolipin; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane; IMS: mitochondrial intermembrane space; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MDVs: mitochondrial-derived vesicles; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PD: Parkinson disease; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RGC: retinal ganglion cell; RING: really interesting new gene; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SUMO: small ubiquitin like modifier; TBI: traumatic brain injury; TM: transmembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Terešak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lapao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nemanja Subic
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Tamim-Yecheskel BC, Fraiberg M, Kokabi K, Freud S, Shatz O, Marvaldi L, Subic N, Brenner O, Tsoory M, Eilam-Altstadter R, Biton I, Savidor A, Dezorella N, Heimer G, Behrends C, Ben-Zeev B, Elazar Z. A tecpr2 knockout mouse exhibits age-dependent neuroaxonal dystrophy associated with autophagosome accumulation. Autophagy 2020; 17:3082-3095. [PMID: 33218264 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1852724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the coding sequence of human TECPR2 were recently linked to spastic paraplegia type 49 (SPG49), a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder involving intellectual disability, autonomic-sensory neuropathy, chronic respiratory disease and decreased pain sensitivity. Here, we report the generation of a novel CRISPR-Cas9 tecpr2 knockout (tecpr2-/-) mouse that exhibits behavioral pathologies observed in SPG49 patients. tecpr2-/- mice develop neurodegenerative patterns in an age-dependent manner, manifested predominantly as neuroaxonal dystrophy in the gracile (GrN) and cuneate nuclei (CuN) of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem and dorsal white matter column of the spinal cord. Age-dependent correlation with accumulation of autophagosomes suggests compromised targeting to lysosome. Taken together, our findings establish the tecpr2 knockout mouse as a potential model for SPG49 and ascribe a new role to TECPR2 in macroautophagy/autophagy-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milana Fraiberg
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kamilya Kokabi
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Saskia Freud
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Shatz
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Letizia Marvaldi
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nemanja Subic
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Recourses, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Veterinary Recourses, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Inbal Biton
- Veterinary Recourses, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alon Savidor
- Chemical Research Support, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Irving and Cherna Moskowitz Center for Nano and Bio-Nano Imaging, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gali Heimer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Fraiberg M, Tamim-Yecheskel BC, Kokabi K, Subic N, Heimer G, Eck F, Nalbach K, Behrends C, Ben-Zeev B, Shatz O, Elazar Z. Lysosomal targeting of autophagosomes by the TECPR domain of TECPR2. Autophagy 2020; 17:3096-3108. [PMID: 33213269 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1852727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TECPR2 (tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 2) is a large, multi-domain protein comprised of an amino-terminal WD domain, a middle unstructured region and a carboxy-terminal TEPCR domain comprises of six TECPR repeats followed by a functional LIR motif. Human TECPR2 mutations are linked to spastic paraplegia type 49 (SPG49), a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Here we show that basal macroautophagic/autophagic flux is impaired in SPG49 patient fibroblasts in the form of accumulated autophagosomes. Ectopic expression of either full length TECPR2 or the TECPR domain rescued autophagy in patient fibroblasts in a LIR-dependent manner. Moreover, this domain is recruited to the cytosolic leaflet of autophagosomal and lysosomal membranes in a LIR- and VAMP8-dependent manner, respectively. These findings provide evidence for a new role of the TECPR domain in particular, and TECPR2 in general, in lysosomal targeting of autophagosomes via association with Atg8-family proteins on autophagosomes and VAMP8 on lysosomes.Abbreviations: HOPS: homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting; LIR: LC3-interacting region; SPG49: spastic paraplegia type 49; STX17: syntaxin 17; TECPR2: tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 2; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Fraiberg
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Kamilya Kokabi
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nemanja Subic
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gali Heimer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Franziska Eck
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Karsten Nalbach
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Shatz
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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