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Smolkin T, Nir-Zvi I, Duvshani N, Mumblat Y, Kessler O, Neufeld G. plexin-A4/plexin-D1 complexes convey semaphorin-3C signals to induce cytoskeletal collapse in the absence of neuropilins. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.208298. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Class-3 semaphorin guidance factors bind to receptor complexes containing neuropilin and plexin receptors. A semaphorin may bind to several receptor complexes containing somewhat different constituents, resulting in diverse effects on cell migration. U87MG glioblastoma cells express both neuropilins and the four class-A plexins. They respond by cytoskeletal collapse and cell contraction to sema3A or sema3B but fail to contract in response to Sema3C, Sema3D, Sema3G or sema3E even when class-A plexins are over-expressed in the cells. In-contrast, expression of recombinant plexin-D1 enabled contraction in response to these semaphorins. Surprisingly, unlike sema3D and sema3G, sema3C also induced the contraction and repulsion of plexin-D1 expressing U87MG cells in which both neuropilins were knocked-out using CRISPR/cas9. In the absence of neuropilins the EC-50 of sema3C was 5.5 fold higher, indicating that the neuropilins function as enhancers of plexin-D1 mediated sema3C signaling but are not absolutely required for sema3C signal transduction. Interestingly, in the absence of neuropilins, plexin-A4 formed complexes with plexin-D1, and was required in addition to plexin-D1 to enable sema3C induced signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Smolkin
- Cancer research center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Nir-Zvi
- Cancer research center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nerri Duvshani
- Cancer research center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Mumblat
- Cancer research center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer research center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gera Neufeld
- Cancer research center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Oren R, Hod-Marco M, Haus-Cohen M, Thomas S, Blat D, Duvshani N, Denkberg G, Elbaz Y, Benchetrit F, Eshhar Z, Stauss H, Reiter Y. Functional comparison of engineered T cells carrying a native TCR versus TCR-like antibody-based chimeric antigen receptors indicates affinity/avidity thresholds. J Immunol 2014; 193:5733-43. [PMID: 25362181 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of Ag-specific T lymphocytes is an attractive form of immunotherapy for cancers. However, acquiring sufficient numbers of host-derived tumor-specific T lymphocytes by selection and expansion is challenging, as these cells may be rare or anergic. Using engineered T cells can overcome this difficulty. Such engineered cells can be generated using a chimeric Ag receptor based on common formats composed from Ag-recognition elements such as αβ-TCR genes with the desired specificity, or Ab variable domain fragments fused with T cell-signaling moieties. Combining these recognition elements are Abs that recognize peptide-MHC. Such TCR-like Abs mimic the fine specificity of TCRs and exhibit both the binding properties and kinetics of high-affinity Abs. In this study, we compared the functional properties of engineered T cells expressing a native low affinity αβ-TCR chains or high affinity TCR-like Ab-based CAR targeting the same specificity. We isolated high-affinity TCR-like Abs recognizing HLA-A2-WT1Db126 complexes and constructed CAR that was transduced into T cells. Comparative analysis revealed major differences in function and specificity of such CAR-T cells or native TCR toward the same antigenic complex. Whereas the native low-affinity αβ-TCR maintained potent cytotoxic activity and specificity, the high-affinity TCR-like Ab CAR exhibited reduced activity and loss of specificity. These results suggest an upper affinity threshold for TCR-based recognition to mediate effective functional outcomes of engineered T cells. The rational design of TCRs and TCR-based constructs may need to be optimized up to a given affinity threshold to achieve optimal T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravit Oren
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Moran Hod-Marco
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maya Haus-Cohen
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Sharyn Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity, Infection and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Blat
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and
| | - Nerri Duvshani
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | | | - Yael Elbaz
- Applied Immune Technologies, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | | | - Zelig Eshhar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and
| | - Hans Stauss
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunity, Infection and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Yoram Reiter
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
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Meza-Romero R, Benedek G, Yu X, Mooney JL, Dahan R, Duvshani N, Bucala R, Offner H, Reiter Y, Burrows GG, Vandenbark AA. HLA-DRα1 constructs block CD74 expression and MIF effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2014; 192:4164-73. [PMID: 24683185 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CD74, the cell-surface form of the MHC class II invariant chain, is a key inflammatory factor that is involved in various immune-mediated diseases as part of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) binding complex. However, little is known about the natural regulators of CD74 in this context. In order to study the role of the HLA-DR molecule in regulating CD74, we used the HLA-DRα1 domain, which was shown to bind to and downregulate CD74 on CD11b(+) monocytes. We found that DRα1 directly inhibited binding of MIF to CD74 and blocked its downstream inflammatory effects in the spinal cord of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Potency of the DRα1 domain could be destroyed by trypsin digestion but enhanced by addition of a peptide extension (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG]-35-55 peptide) that provided secondary structure not present in DRα1. These data suggest a conformationally sensitive determinant on DRα1-MOG that is responsible for optimal binding to CD74 and antagonism of MIF effects, resulting in reduced axonal damage and reversal of ongoing clinical and histological signs of EAE. These results demonstrate natural antagonist activity of DRα1 for MIF that was strongly potentiated by the MOG peptide extension, resulting in a novel therapeutic, DRα1-MOG-35-55, that within the limitations of the EAE model may have the potential to treat autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Meza-Romero
- Neuroimmunology Research, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239
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