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Ha NT, Huong NT, Anh VN, Anh NQ. Modelling in economic evaluation of mental health prevention: current status and quality of studies. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:906. [PMID: 35831821 PMCID: PMC9281039 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to identify and critically appraise the quality of model-based economic evaluation studies in mental health prevention. Methods A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, EconLit, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened for eligible records using predefined criteria and extracted data using a pre-piloted data extraction form. The 61-item Philips Checklist was used to critically appraise the studies. Systematic review registration number: CRD42020184519. Results Forty-nine studies were eligible to be included. Thirty studies (61.2%) were published in 2015–2021. Forty-seven studies were conducted for higher-income countries. There were mainly cost-utility analyses (n = 31) with the dominant primary outcome of quality-adjusted life year. The most common model was Markov (n = 26). Most of the studies were conducted from a societal or health care perspective (n = 37). Only ten models used a 50-year time horizon (n = 2) or lifetime horizon (n = 8). A wide range of mental health prevention strategies was evaluated with the dominance of selective/indicate strategy and focusing on common mental health problems (e.g., depression, suicide). The percentage of the Philip checkilst’s criteria fulfilled by included studies was 69.3% on average and ranged from 43.3 to 90%. Among three domains of the Philip checklist, criteria on the model structure were fulfilled the most (72.1% on average, ranging from 50.0% to 91.7%), followed by the data domain (69.5% on average, ranging from 28.9% to 94.0%) and the consistency domain (54.6% on average, ranging from 20.0% to 100%). The practice of identification of ‘relevant’ evidence to inform model structure and inputs was inadequately performed. The model validation practice was rarely reported. Conclusions There is an increasing number of model-based economic evaluations of mental health prevention available to decision-makers, but evidence has been limited to the higher-income countries and the short-term horizon. Despite a high level of heterogeneity in study scope and model structure among included studies, almost all mental health prevention interventions were either cost-saving or cost-effective. Future models should make efforts to conduct in the low-resource context setting, expand the time horizon, improve the evidence identification to inform model structure and inputs, and promote the practice of model validation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08206-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thu Ha
- Department of Health Policy and Economics, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Huong
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Nguyen Quynh Anh
- Department of Health Policy and Economics, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Anh ND, Trang LDM, Anh NQ. First-trimester screening versus non-invasive prenatal testing for Down syndrome at high-risk pregnant women in Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Vietnam: A cost-utility analysis. International Journal of Healthcare Management 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2020.1758893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duy Anh
- Hanoi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Quynh Anh
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Quynh Anh N, Ha NT. Does National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program Represent Good Value for Money? Results from a Return-on-Investment Model in Vietnam. Health Serv Insights 2021; 14:11786329211017418. [PMID: 34103936 PMCID: PMC8150636 DOI: 10.1177/11786329211017418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide important evidence for the resource allocation process in Vietnam, this research was conducted to explore the return on investment (ROI) of the national colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program. A decision tree model was designed to estimate the cost and cost savings of a national screening program (ie, providing annual fecal occult blood test [FOBT], following with colonoscopy in case of FOBT positive for the medium-risk group over 50 years old) compared to no screening scenario. This was the first attempt in estimating the ROI of a public health program in Vietnam. Although there was a wide variation due to the uncertainty of the input parameters, especially regarding the coverage of the colorectal cancer screening program in the community, the calculated ROI rates in all different cases were positive, demonstrating that the national colorectal cancer screening program brought benefits to the investment. With a modest coverage of 30% of the population over the age of 50, the corresponding ROI value was 325.4% (95%UI: 321.0; 329.9). The results of this study could be used to advocate for the implementation of a national colorectal cancer screening program in terms of the monetary benefits of investing in the program.
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Ha NT, Anh NQ, Van Toan P, Huong NT. Health Insurance Reimbursement to Hosptials in Vietnam: Policy Implementation Results and Challenges. Health Serv Insights 2021; 14:11786329211010126. [PMID: 33911875 PMCID: PMC8050760 DOI: 10.1177/11786329211010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Vietnam, social health insurance (SHI) benefit package has been defined in a more explicit approach with the introduction of a regulation on the list of conditional reimbursed and non-reimbursed medical services. This paper aims to analyze the implementation results of this regulation from an economical perspective as well as the implementation challenges. Mix-method approach was employed. The quantitative component was employed to understand the implementation results. Desk study and qualitative components (2 inteviews with key informants from Ministry of Health; 6 discussions with key informants from provincial Social Security Offices and Departments of Health in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hue, Tuyen Quang, Thai Binh and Soc Trang provinces; the other 23 discussions and 31 interviews with key informants from 23 selected hospitals) was employed to summarize the implementation challenges. The regulation seems to not able to mitigate the reimbursement of high-technology and expensive services in higher-level providers. There is a sign of increasing out-of-pocket payments for those regulated services in higher-level providers. It has also posed greater influence on lower-level providers in terms of the proportion of reimbursement amount rather than to higher-level hospitals. Applying World Health Organization's 6 building blocks of health system to analyze the implementation challenges, we provide policymakers evidence to improve the regulation, as well as point out the relating health system weakness need to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phan Van Toan
- Health Insurance Department, Ministry
of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Anh NQ, Numthavaj P, Bhongmakapat T. Comparison of the Cerumenolytic Activities of New and Currently Used Agents. Ear Nose Throat J 2021; 101:31S-36S. [PMID: 33512244 DOI: 10.1177/0145561320986060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the cerumen dissolution activities of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate, 5% potassium hydroxide, 10% lactic acid, 3% salicylic acid, 10% glycolic acid, and distilled water. METHODS An in vitro study was conducted with 36 cerumen samples. The cerumenolytic activities of the 6 agents were assessed by recording the degree of cerumen disintegration using digital photography at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 12 hours. The undissolved cerumen that remained after 12 hours was removed from the solutions and weighed after drying. RESULTS Potassium hydroxide showed the fastest cerumenolytic activity, dissolving a moderate amount of cerumen at 30 minutes, while glycolic acid and salicylic acid caused no visible changes in the cerumen samples. Samples treated with potassium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate exhibited higher degrees of disintegration compared to samples treated with distilled water (odds ratio and 95% CI: 273.237 [0.203-367 470.4] and 1.129 [0.002-850.341], respectively). The greatest reduction in cerumen weight was associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate; however, this result did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Among the solutions tested, 5% potassium hydroxide showed the fastest dissolution activity, yielding moderate disintegration within only 30 minutes. In terms of residual cerumen weight within 12 hours, all solutions exhibited equivalent effectiveness in the disintegration of cerumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quynh Anh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawin Numthavaj
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thongchai Bhongmakapat
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Huong LTT, Hoang LT, Tuyet-Hanh TT, Anh NQ, Huong NT, Cuong DM, Quyen BTT. Reported handwashing practices of Vietnamese people during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors: a 2020 online survey. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:650-663. [PMID: 32968684 PMCID: PMC7505781 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic currently affects nearly all countries and regions in the world. Washing hands, together with other preventive measures, to be considered one of the most important measures to prevent the disease. This study aimed to characterize reported handwashing practices of Vietnamese people during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. Kobo Toolbox platform was used to design the online survey. There were 837 people participating in this survey. All independent variables were described by calculating frequencies and percentages. Univariate linear regression was used with a significant level of 0.05. Multiple linear regression was conducted to provide a theoretical model with collected predictors. Seventy-nine percent of the respondents used soap as the primary choice when washing their hands. Sixty percent of the participants washed their hands at all essential times, however, only 26.3% practiced washing their hands correctly, and only 28.4% washed their hands for at least 20 seconds. Although 92.1% washed hands after contacting with surfaces at public places (e.g., lifts, knob doors), only 66.3% practiced handwashing after removing masks. Females had better reported handwashing practices than male participants (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.15–3.09). Better knowledge of handwashing contributed to improving reported handwashing practice (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20–1.41). Poorer handwashing practices were likely due, at least in part, to the COVID-19 pandemic information on the internet, social media, newspapers, and television. Although the number of people reported practicing their handwashing was rather high, only a quarter of them had corrected reported handwashing practices. Communication strategy on handwashing should emphasize on the minimum time required for handwashing as well as the six handwashing steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Thanh Huong
- Environmental Health Department, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Tu Hoang
- Biostatistics Department, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh
- Environmental Health Department, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quynh Anh
- Environmental Health Department, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Huong
- Environmental Health Department, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Manh Cuong
- Vietnam Health Environment Management Agency, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Tu Quyen
- Biostatistics Department, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Huong LTT, Tuyet-Hanh TT, Minh HV, Ha BTT, Anh NQ, Huong NT, Trang PTT, Long KQ, Ha NT, Trang NTT, Quang CH, Oanh LTK, Thuy TTT. Access to Improved Water Sources and Sanitation in Minority Ethnic People in Vietnam and Some Sociodemographic Associations: A 2019 National Survey. Environ Health Insights 2020; 14:1178630220946342. [PMID: 32821114 PMCID: PMC7412927 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220946342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving access to clean water and basic sanitation remains as major challenges in Vietnam, especially for vulnerable groups such as minority people, despite all the progress made by the Millennium Development Goal number 7.C. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to describe the access to improved water sources and sanitation of the ethnic minority people in Vietnam based on a national survey and to identify associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with a sample size of 1385 ethnic minority households in 12 provinces in Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to examine the probability of having access to improved water sources and sanitation and sociodemographic status at a significance level of P < .05. RESULTS The access to improved water sources and sanitation was unequal among the ethnic minority people in Vietnam, with the lowest access rate in the northern midland and mountainous and Central Highland areas and the highest access rate in the Mekong Delta region. Some sociodemographic variables that were likely to increase the ethnic minority people's access to improved water sources and/or sanitation included older age, female household heads, household heads with high educational levels, religious households, and households in not poor status. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The study suggested more emphasis on religion for improving the ethnic minority's access to improved water sources and sanitation. Besides, persons of poor and near-poor status and with low educational levels should be of focus in future water and sanitation intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh
- Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Department of Environmental Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Road, Duc Thang District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
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Anh NQ, Dunne MP, Lan PT, Dung TA. Development and validation of a tool to measure job satisfaction among preventive medicine workers in northern Vietnam. International Journal of Healthcare Management 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2020.1760585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quynh Anh
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael P. Dunne
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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Anh NQ, Graves N, Dunne M, Huong NT. Economic evaluation of health education programs: The case of adolescent reproductive health in Vietnam. International Journal of Healthcare Management 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2020.1755807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quynh Anh
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nicholas Graves
- School of Public Health and Social Works, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Michael Dunne
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Huong
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Huong LTT, Hanh TTT, Toan LQ, Trang DTH, Quynh NT, Anh NQ, Long TK, Fenwick S, Ha NT, Alexander BH. Training need assessment for a master training program in Environmental Health program in Vietnam. AIMS Public Health 2020; 7:197-212. [PMID: 32258200 PMCID: PMC7109530 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vietnam is facing a shortage of skilled Environmental health workforce. A Training Needs Assessment was conducted to develop a list of environmental health tasks, a list of core competencies and assess the need for a Master of Environmental Health training program in Vietnam. To answer these questions, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Vietnam in 2017, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative study involved a desk review, 29 in-depth interviews, two consultative workshops, and two expert meetings. For the quantitative component, 298 environmental health staff working at different levels completed a structured postal questionnaire. Results showed that different sectors were implementing various environmental health tasks but that there was currently no training program focusing on environmental health in Vietnam. Thirteen core competencies for a Master of Environmental Health were recommended. An urgent need to develop training programs to help building environmental health competencies at the Masters degree level was uniformly expressed. This could be achieved by developing a Master of Public Health with an Environmental Health stream in the short-term and a Master of Environmental Health program in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Thanh Huong
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Rd, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Tuyet Hanh
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Rd, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Luu Quoc Toan
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Rd, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Hanh Trang
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Rd, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Quynh
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Rd, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quynh Anh
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Rd, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Khanh Long
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stanley Fenwick
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westoboro Rd., North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Nguyen Thanh Ha
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Rd, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bruce H Alexander
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Do TK, Nga NTT, Anh NQ, Pham DM, Ha CH. ID: 1037 Effect of fluorescent nanodiamonds on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into hepatocyte-like cell. Biomed Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.15419/bmrat.v4is.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) indicated that it has excellent biocompatibility and photostability,so it well suited for long-term labeling and tracking of stem cells. There are many reports concerning the factors controlling stem cell differentiation. However, still little knowledge about the biomaterials properties influence stem cell alive, growth and differentiation processing. In this study, we evaluate the effect of fluorescent nanodiamond in in vitro culture and differentiation of ucMSC into hepatocyte-like cell. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from the umbilical cord (UC) and CD markers were analyzed by flow cytometry and genes expression. For hepatic differentiation of UC-MSCs, cells were induced with HGF and DMSO treated. FND was supply in the experimental group which 10 g/ml in 4 hours. The FND uptake was detected of fluorescence intensity of FND in cells by flow cytometry and laser scan microscopy. The effect of FND into UCMSCs was not only evaluated by the cell alive and growth assay but also effective differentiation throughout morphology charging or gene expression levels of AFP, ALB, and HNF4 were determined by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. The result showed that the FND was well uptake in UCMSCs. It was no affected into ability of the cell alive and growth. The existence of FNDs does not disturb the functions of UC-MSCs differentiation into hepatocyte-like cell. FND can be utilized for the labeling and tracking of UC-MSCs and hepatocyte-like cell in homing research.
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Huong PTT, LAM NT, Thu NN, Quyen TC, Lien DTK, Anh NQ, Henry EG, Oliver L, Collier S, Gura KM, Young LS, Manders AJ, Apovian CM, Ziegler TR, Lenders CM. Hospital Acute Malnutrition Before and After a Three‐Year Multidisciplinary Hospital Nutrition Intervention in a Major Urban General Hospital, Vietnam. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.579.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PTT Huong
- Clinical Nutrition National Institute of NutritionHanoiViet Nam
| | - NT LAM
- Clinical Nutrition National Institute of NutritionHanoiViet Nam
| | - NN Thu
- Clinical Nutrition National Institute of NutritionHanoiViet Nam
| | - TC Quyen
- Clinical Nutrition National Institute of NutritionHanoiViet Nam
| | - DTK Lien
- Clinical NutritionBAch Mai HospitalHanoiViet Nam
| | - NQ Anh
- Clinical NutritionBAch Mai HospitalHanoiViet Nam
| | - EG Henry
- Family MedicineBUBostonMAUnited States
| | - L Oliver
- PediatricsDell Children's Medical CenterAustinTXUnited States
| | - S Collier
- Center for Nutrition Boston Children's HospitalBostonMAUnited States
| | - KM Gura
- Pharmacy Boston Children's HospitalBostonMAUnited States
| | | | | | | | - TR Ziegler
- MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUnited States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the direct and indirect costs of active smoking in Vietnam. METHOD A prevalence-based disease-specific cost of illness approach was utilised to calculate the costs related to five smoking-related diseases: lung cancer, cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Data on healthcare came from an original survey, hospital records and official government statistics. Morbidity and mortality due to smoking combined with the average per capita income were used to calculate the indirect costs of smoking by applying the human capital approach. The smoking-attributable fraction was calculated using the adjusted relative risk values from phase II of the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study (CPS-II). Costs were classified as personal, governmental and health insurance costs. RESULTS The total economic cost of smoking in 2011 was estimated at 24 679.9 billion Vietnamese dong (VND), equivalent to US$1173.2 million or approximately 0.97% of the 2011 gross domestic product. The direct costs of inpatient and outpatient care reached 9896.2 billion VND (US$470.4 million) and 2567.2 billion VND (US$122.0 million), respectively. The government's contribution to these costs was 4534.3 billion VND (US$215.5 million), which was equivalent to 5.76% of its 2011 healthcare budget. The indirect costs (productivity loss) due to morbidity and mortality were 2652.9 billion VND (US$126.1 million) and 9563.5 billion VND (US$454.6 million), respectively. These indirect costs represent about 49.5% of the total costs of smoking. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco consumption has large negative consequences on the Vietnamese economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Le Thi Thu
- HealthBridge Foundation of Canada, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hana Ross
- SALDRU Research Affiliate, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa International Clinical Research Center Research Affiliate, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nguyen Quynh Anh
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Ngoc Linh
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thac Minh
- Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Anh NQ, Linh BN, Ha NT, Phanthunane P, Huong NT. Schizophrenia interventions in Vietnam: primary results from a cost-effectiveness study. Glob Public Health 2014; 10 Supppl 1:S21-39. [PMID: 25482499 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2014.986158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly disabling mental health disorder that imposes a considerable economic burden on a health care system. This paper aimed to examine the cost and effectiveness of alternative pharmaceutical interventions and the effects of family intervention (FI) for schizophrenia from the government perspective in order to introduce the most cost-effective intervention applicable to Vietnam. A Markov model was developed to estimate costs and health outcome over patients' lifetimes when using typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs, alone or in combination with family intervention. Health outcome was measured in terms of disability-adjusted life years averted. Monte Carlo simulation was used for uncertainty analysis. According to our findings, interventions using typical or atypical drugs combined with FI were found to be the most effective and least costly compared to a 'do-nothing' scenario. Interventions using atypical drugs alone were estimated to be much less favourable due to a considerably higher cost. This is a very first attempt on cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions for schizophrenia in Vietnam, and recommendations are made for future research to determine the most cost-effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quynh Anh
- a Department of Health Economics , Hanoi School of Public Health , Hanoi , Vietnam
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Hung NV, Thu TA, Anh NQ, Quang NN, Lennox AK, Salmon S, Pittet D, McLaws LM. Surgical site infections in Vietnamese hospitals: incidence, pathogens and risk factors. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239468 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-o54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Anh NQ, Hong HA, Nhon TN, Thinh ND, Van NT, Hendriks J. Tetanus antibodies measured by the toxin binding inhibition test (ToBI) in mothers and children in the Neonatal Tetanus Program in Vietnam. Dev Biol Stand 1999; 101:247-53. [PMID: 10566798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The immunoresponse to vaccination in the Neonatal Tetanus Program (NNT) for pregnant women was studied in Vietnam using the Toxin Binding Inhibition Test (ToBI). The vaccination schedule consisted of two primary doses of adsorbed tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine given with a one month interval. The seroconversion rate in the women was 98%. Two and a half months after birth, 63% of the children born from these women had tetanus antibody values higher than 0.01 IU/ml. Four women who had anti-tetanus titres < 0.01 IU/ml at delivery, despite two doses of primary vaccination, received a third booster with vaccine one year after the first injection. Their antibody levels were well above 0.01 IU/ml one month after this additional booster, suggesting that (when economically feasible) a third TT injection could be considered into the NNT to confer optimal anti-tetanus antibody levels in women for subsequent pregnancies. This study confirmed the effectiveness of the TT vaccines investigated and indicates their potential to replace, in immunosurveillance studies under field conditions, the in vivo mouse neutralisation test by in vitro alternative methods such as the ToBI test.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Q Anh
- National Center for Control of Vaccines and Biological Products, Hanoi, Vietnam
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