Crystal structures of three platinacyclic complexes bearing isopropyl eugenoxyacetate and pyridine derivatives

Three new platinum(II) complexes bearing a eugenol and a pyridine derivative, namely (η2-2-allyl-4-meth-oxy-5-{[(propan-2-yl-oxy)carbon-yl]meth-oxy}phenyl-κC 1)chlorido-(pyridine-κN)platinum(II), [Pt(C15H19O4)Cl(C5H5N)], (I), (η2-2-allyl-4-meth-oxy-5-{[(propan-2-yl-oxy)carbon-yl]meth-oxy}phenyl-κC 1)chlorido-(4-methyl-pyridine-κN)platinum(II), [Pt(C15H19O4)Cl(C6H7N)], (II), and (η2-2-allyl-4-meth-oxy-5-{[(propan-2-yl-oxy)carbon-yl]meth-oxy}phenyl-κC 1)chlorido(pyridine-4-carb-oxy-lic acid-κN)platinum(II), [Pt(C15H19O4)Cl(C6H5NO2)], (III), have been synthesized and further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The PtII atoms exhibit the usual distorted square-planar coordination and are surrounded by one Cl atom, one N atom, and a C atom and C=C double bond of the eugenol ligand. The donor N atom of the pyridine ligand occupies a cis position with respect to the double bond. Complexes (I) and (II) crystallize isomorphously in space group P and display a similar crystal packing characterized by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions. However, the presence of the additional methyl group in the 4-methyl-pyridine ligand in (II) disturbs the π-π inter-actions. The crystal packing of (III) is characterized by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, resulting in the formation of chains of mol-ecules connected in a head-to-tail fashion and running in the [101] direction. The IC50 values for the HepG2 and KB cell lines are 150.9, 122.3 µM for (I) and 138.9, 93.2 µM for (II), respectively.

Mixed natural arylolefin-quinoline platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity studies

Five new platinum(II) complexes bearing a eugenol and a quinoline derivative, namely [η²-4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-(propoxycarbonylmethoxy)benzene]-trans-dichlorido(quinoline-κN)platinum(II), [PtCl₂(C₁₅H₂₀O₄)(C₉H₇N)], (2), {η²-4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-[(propan-2-yloxy)carbonylmethoxy]benzene}-trans-dichlorido(quinoline-κN)platinum(II), [PtCl₂(C₁₅H₁₉O₄)(C₉H₇N)], (3), [η²-4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-(propoxycarbonylmethoxy)benzene]chlorido(quinolin-8-olato-κ²N,O)platinum(II), [Pt(C₉H₆NO)Cl(C₁₅H₂₀O₄)], (4), {η²-4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-[(propan-2-yloxy)carbonylmethoxy]benzene}chlorido(quinolin-8-olato-κ²N,O)platinum(II), [Pt(C₉H₆NO)Cl(C₁₅H₂₀O₄)], (5), and [η²-4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-(propoxycarbonylmethoxy)benzene]chlorido(quinolin-2-carboxylato-κ²N,O)platinum(II), [Pt(C₁₀H₆NO₂)Cl(C₁₅H₂₀O₄)], (6), have been synthesized and fully characterized spectroscopically. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study was carried out for complexes (2) and (4)-(6). PrEug [or 4-allyl-2-methoxy-1-(propoxycarbonylmethoxy)benzene] in (2), (4) and (6), and ⁱPrEug (the propan-2-yloxy analogue of PrEug) in (3) and (5) coordinate with Pt^II at the ethylenic double bond of the allyl group. In (2)-(6), the donor N atom of the amine group occupies a trans position with respect to the double bond. A comparison of the IC₅₀ values of 0.38-29.23 µM for (2)-(6) with cisplatin, as well as other platinum(II) complexes, indicates an excellent in vitro cytotoxicity against the KB, LU, Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with the highest cytotoxic effect (IC₅₀ = 0.38-1.99 µM) being for complexes (4) and (5) bearing a quinolin-8-olate ligand.

Congenital absence of the inferior rectus muscle--diagnosis and management

BACKGROUND

Congenital absence of the inferior rectus muscle is a rare cause of apparent inferior rectus palsy especially in the absence of associated cranial facial anomalies.

METHODS

We report three cases of isolated congenital absence of the inferior rectus muscle and its successful surgical management.

RESULTS

Failure of the normal embryologic development of the mesodermal complex around the eye can lead to agenesis of the extraocular muscles. In apparent palsies of the inferior rectus muscle and no definite cause, a high index of suspicion and orbital imaging can confirm the diagnosis of congenitally absent inferior rectus preoperatively. Surgical correction may involve inferior transposition of the horizontal rectus muscles.

CONCLUSIONS

Although rare, congenital absence of the inferior rectus muscle is a possible cause of apparent inferior rectus muscle palsy particularly in the absence of another identifiable cause. Strabismus surgery in conjunction with intramuscular botulinum toxin injection can offer significant improvement in function and cosmesis of these patients.