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Levesque-Beaudin V, Miller ME, Dikow T, Miller SE, Prosser SW, Zakharov EV, McKeown JT, Sones JE, Redmond NE, Coddington JA, Santos BF, Bird J, deWaard JR. A workflow for expanding DNA barcode reference libraries through 'museum harvesting' of natural history collections. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e100677. [PMID: 38327333 PMCID: PMC10848567 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural history collections are the physical repositories of our knowledge on species, the entities of biodiversity. Making this knowledge accessible to society - through, for example, digitisation or the construction of a validated, global DNA barcode library - is of crucial importance. To this end, we developed and streamlined a workflow for 'museum harvesting' of authoritatively identified Diptera specimens from the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. Our detailed workflow includes both on-site and off-site processing through specimen selection, labelling, imaging, tissue sampling, databasing and DNA barcoding. This approach was tested by harvesting and DNA barcoding 941 voucher specimens, representing 32 families, 819 genera and 695 identified species collected from 100 countries. We recovered 867 sequences (> 0 base pairs) with a sequencing success of 88.8% (727 of 819 sequenced genera gained a barcode > 300 base pairs). While Sanger-based methods were more effective for recently-collected specimens, the methods employing next-generation sequencing recovered barcodes for specimens over a century old. The utility of the newly-generated reference barcodes is demonstrated by the subsequent taxonomic assignment of nearly 5000 specimen records in the Barcode of Life Data Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Levesque-Beaudin
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Meredith E. Miller
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Torsten Dikow
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Scott E. Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Sean W.J. Prosser
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Evgeny V. Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jaclyn T.A. McKeown
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jayme E. Sones
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Niamh E Redmond
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Coddington
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Bernardo F. Santos
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Jessica Bird
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Jeremy R. deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
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Santos BF, Miller ME, Miklasevskaja M, McKeown JTA, Redmond NE, Coddington JA, Bird J, Miller SE, Smith A, Brady SG, Buffington ML, Chamorro ML, Dikow T, Gates MW, Goldstein P, Konstantinov A, Kula R, Silverson ND, Solis MA, deWaard SL, Naik S, Nikolova N, Pentinsaari M, Prosser SWJ, Sones JE, Zakharov EV, deWaard JR. Enhancing DNA barcode reference libraries by harvesting terrestrial arthropods at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e100904. [PMID: 38327288 PMCID: PMC10848724 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of DNA barcoding has revolutionised biodiversity science, but its application depends on the existence of comprehensive and reliable reference libraries. For many poorly known taxa, such reference sequences are missing even at higher-level taxonomic scales. We harvested the collections of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (USNM) to generate DNA barcoding sequences for genera of terrestrial arthropods previously not recorded in one or more major public sequence databases. Our workflow used a mix of Sanger and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches to maximise sequence recovery while ensuring affordable cost. In total, COI sequences were obtained for 5,686 specimens belonging to 3,737 determined species in 3,886 genera and 205 families distributed in 137 countries. Success rates varied widely according to collection data and focal taxon. NGS helped recover sequences of specimens that failed a previous run of Sanger sequencing. Success rates and the optimal balance between Sanger and NGS are the most important drivers to maximise output and minimise cost in future projects. The corresponding sequence and taxonomic data can be accessed through the Barcode of Life Data System, GenBank, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the Global Genome Biodiversity Network Data Portal and the NMNH data portal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo F. Santos
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, FranceInstitut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UAParisFrance
| | - Meredith E. Miller
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Margarita Miklasevskaja
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jaclyn T. A. McKeown
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Niamh E. Redmond
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Coddington
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Jessica Bird
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Scott E. Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Ashton Smith
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Seán G. Brady
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Matthew L. Buffington
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - M. Lourdes Chamorro
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Torsten Dikow
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Michael W. Gates
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Paul Goldstein
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Alexander Konstantinov
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Robert Kula
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Nicholas D. Silverson
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - M. Alma Solis
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Stephanie L. deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Suresh Naik
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Nadya Nikolova
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Mikko Pentinsaari
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Sean W. J. Prosser
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jayme E. Sones
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Evgeny V. Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jeremy R. deWaard
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
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3
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Díaz MC, Thacker RW, Redmond NE, Perez T, Collins AG. Vansoestia caribensis gen. nov., sp. nov.: first report of the family Ianthellidae (Verongida, Demospongiae) in the Caribbean. Zootaxa 2015; 3956:403-12. [PMID: 26248926 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3956.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A thin fiber-less sponge from Caribbean reefs (Bocas del Toro, Panama) with close genetic affinities (based on 18S and 28S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences) to large fan-shaped fiber-bearing sponges (Ianthella and Anomoianthella) from the Indo-Pacific Ocean is here presented. We describe its overall external morphology, histological features, and ultrastructure. Its genetic distance from the only previously known fiber-less verongid genus, Hexadella, prompted the need to erect a new genus to classify this species. This novel species constitutes the first record for a member of the family Ianthellidae in the Caribbean. The characterization of the family Ianthellidae (sensu Cook and Bergquist, 2000) is here modified by: i) highlighting the cavernous nature of the choanosome, with many lacunae and channels reported for all genera included in the family; ii) extending the family distribution to the Caribbean; and iii) adding a fourth genus to the group of verongids with eurypylous chambers. The possession of a cellularized cortex (10-300 µm in thickness) is here proposed as a potential synapomorphic character of the Ianthella-Anomoianthella-Vansoestia clade. The main issues regarding the suprageneric classification of verongids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Díaz
- Museo Marino, Boulevard de Boca del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela Oceanographic center, NOVA SEU, 8000 N. Ocean Dr, Dania Beach, Fl 33004;
| | - Robert W Thacker
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA; unknown
| | - Niamh E Redmond
- NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; unknown
| | - Thierry Perez
- CNRS UMR 7263 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et continentale (IMBE), 13007, Marseille, France; unknown
| | - Allen G Collins
- National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA's Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.; unknown
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Hajdu E, de Paula TS, Redmond NE, Cosme B, Collins AG, Lôbo-Hajdu G. Mycalina: another crack in the Poecilosclerida framework. Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:462-72. [PMID: 23798622 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first phylogenetic analysis integrating both morphological and molecular data of the sponge suborder Mycalina (Poecilosclerida), which was erected in 1994. A cladistic analysis of morphology supported the monophyly of Cladorhizidae (including Euchelipluma), Guitarridae (excluding Euchelipluma), Isodictyidae, Latrunculiidae, and Podospongiidae but rejected monophyly for Desmacellidae, Esperiopsidae, Hamacanthidae, and Mycalidae. Analyses of partial 16S and partial 28S rRNA datasets combined, as well as that of a complete 18S rDNA dataset, suggest that Mycalina is not monophyletic; Biemnidae is only distantly related to other poecilosclerids; Merlia and Desmacella branch near the base of a diverse Poecilosclerida clade; Mycalidae is monophyletic (excluding Mycale [Anomomycale] titubans in 18S); and Esperiopsidae and Isodictyidae form a clade. Analyses of the two molecular datasets differed on the monophyly of Podospongiidae and about the relationship of Podospongiidae to Isodictyidae + Esperiopsidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Hajdu
- *Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, sala 205, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA; National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA Fisheries Service and Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
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5
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Morrow CC, Redmond NE, Picton BE, Thacker RW, Collins AG, Maggs CA, Sigwart JD, Allcock AL. Molecular phylogenies support homoplasy of multiple morphological characters used in the taxonomy of Heteroscleromorpha (Porifera: Demospongiae). Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:428-46. [PMID: 23753661 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponge classification has long been based mainly on morphocladistic analyses but is now being greatly challenged by more than 12 years of accumulated analyses of molecular data analyses. The current study used phylogenetic hypotheses based on sequence data from 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and the CO1 barcoding fragment, combined with morphology to justify the resurrection of the order Axinellida Lévi, 1953. Axinellida occupies a key position in different morphologically derived topologies. The abandonment of Axinellida and the establishment of Halichondrida Vosmaer, 1887 sensu lato to contain Halichondriidae Gray, 1867, Axinellidae Carter, 1875, Bubaridae Topsent, 1894, Heteroxyidae Dendy, 1905, and a new family Dictyonellidae van Soest et al., 1990 was based on the conclusion that an axially condensed skeleton evolved independently in separate lineages in preference to the less parsimonious assumption that asters (star-shaped spicules), acanthostyles (club-shaped spicules with spines), and sigmata (C-shaped spicules) each evolved more than once. Our new molecular trees are congruent and contrast with the earlier, morphologically based, trees. The results show that axially condensed skeletons, asters, acanthostyles, and sigmata are all homoplasious characters. The unrecognized homoplasious nature of these characters explains much of the incongruence between molecular-based and morphology-based phylogenies. We use the molecular trees presented here as a basis for re-interpreting the morphological characters within Heteroscleromorpha. The implications for the classification of Heteroscleromorpha are discussed and a new order Biemnida ord. nov. is erected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Morrow
- *School of Biological Sciences, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-153, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA; National Museums Northern Ireland, 153 Bangor Road, Holywood BT18 0EU, Northern Ireland, UK; Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; School of Natural Science and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Thacker RW, Hill AL, Hill MS, Redmond NE, Collins AG, Morrow CC, Spicer L, Carmack CA, Zappe ME, Pohlmann D, Hall C, Diaz MC, Bangalore PV. Nearly complete 28S rRNA gene sequences confirm new hypotheses of sponge evolution. Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:373-87. [PMID: 23748742 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly collaborative research sponsored by the NSF-funded Assembling the Porifera Tree of Life (PorToL) project is providing insights into some of the most difficult questions in metazoan systematics. Our understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the phylum Porifera has changed considerably with increased taxon sampling and data from additional molecular markers. PorToL researchers have falsified earlier phylogenetic hypotheses, discovered novel phylogenetic alliances, found phylogenetic homes for enigmatic taxa, and provided a more precise understanding of the evolution of skeletal features, secondary metabolites, body organization, and symbioses. Some of these exciting new discoveries are shared in the papers that form this issue of Integrative and Comparative Biology. Our analyses of over 300 nearly complete 28S ribosomal subunit gene sequences provide specific case studies that illustrate how our dataset confirms new hypotheses of sponge evolution. We recovered monophyletic clades for all 4 classes of sponges, as well as the 4 major clades of Demospongiae (Keratosa, Myxospongiae, Haploscleromorpha, and Heteroscleromorpha), but our phylogeny differs in several aspects from traditional classifications. In most major clades of sponges, families within orders appear to be paraphyletic. Although additional sampling of genes and taxa are needed to establish whether this pattern results from a lack of phylogenetic resolution or from a paraphyletic classification system, many of our results are congruent with those obtained from 18S ribosomal subunit gene sequences and complete mitochondrial genomes. These data provide further support for a revision of the traditional classification of sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Thacker
- *Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA; Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA's Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; School of Biological Sciences, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard de Boca Del Rio, Boca del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela; **Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA
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7
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Diaz MC, Thacker RW, Redmond NE, Matterson KO, Collins AG. Phylogenetic novelties and geographic anomalies among tropical Verongida. Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:482-94. [PMID: 23624868 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring marine sponges from shallow tropical reefs of the Caribbean and western Central Pacific, as part of large biodiversity (Moorea Biocode Project) and evolutionary (Porifera Tree of Life) research projects, we encountered 13 skeleton-less specimens, initially divided in two morphological groups, which had patterns of coloration and oxidation typical of taxa of the order Verongida (Demospongiae). The first group of samples inhabited open and cryptic habitats of shallow (15-20 m) Caribbean reefs at Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. The second group inhabited schiophilous (e.g., inner coral framework and crevices) habitats on shallow reefs (0.5-20 m deep) in Moorea Island, French Polynesia. We applied an integrative approach by combining analyses of external morphology, histological observations, 18S rDNA, and mtCOI to determine the identity and the relationships of these unknown taxa within the order Verongida. Molecular analyses revealed that none of the species studied belonged to Hexadella (Ianthellidae, Verongida), the only fibreless genus of the Order Verongida currently recognized. The species from the Caribbean locality of Bocas del Toro (Panama) belong to the family Ianthellidae and is closely related to the Pacific genera Ianthella and Anomoianthella, both with well-developed fiber reticulations. We suggest the erection of a new generic denomination to include this novel eurypylous, fibreless ianthellid. The species collected in Moorea were all diplodal verongid taxa, with high affinities to a clade containing Pseudoceratina, Verongula, and Aiolochroia, a Pacific and two Caribbean genera, respectively. These unknown species represented at least three different taxa distinguished by DNA sequence analysis and morphological characteristics. Two new genera and a new species of Pseudoceratina are here proposed to accommodate these novel biological discoveries. The evolutionary and ecological meaning of having or lacking a fiber skeleton within Verongida is challenged under the evidence of the existence of fibreless genera within various verongid clades. Furthermore, the discovery of a fibreless Peudoceratina suggests that the possession of a spongin-chitin fiber reticulation is an "ecological" plastic trait that might be lost under certain conditions, such us growing within another organism's skeletal framework. These results raise new questions about the ecological and evolutionary significance of the development of a fiber skeleton and of sponges' adaptability to various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Diaz
- *Museo Marino, Boulevard de Boca del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela; Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-1170, USA; NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; ¶National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA's Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Hill MS, Hill AL, Lopez J, Peterson KJ, Pomponi S, Diaz MC, Thacker RW, Adamska M, Boury-Esnault N, Cárdenas P, Chaves-Fonnegra A, Danka E, De Laine BO, Formica D, Hajdu E, Lobo-Hajdu G, Klontz S, Morrow CC, Patel J, Picton B, Pisani D, Pohlmann D, Redmond NE, Reed J, Richey S, Riesgo A, Rubin E, Russell Z, Rützler K, Sperling EA, di Stefano M, Tarver JE, Collins AG. Reconstruction of family-level phylogenetic relationships within Demospongiae (Porifera) using nuclear encoded housekeeping genes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e50437. [PMID: 23372644 PMCID: PMC3553142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demosponges are challenging for phylogenetic systematics because of their plastic and relatively simple morphologies and many deep divergences between major clades. To improve understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within Demospongiae, we sequenced and analyzed seven nuclear housekeeping genes involved in a variety of cellular functions from a diverse group of sponges. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We generated data from each of the four sponge classes (i.e., Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, and Homoscleromorpha), but focused on family-level relationships within demosponges. With data for 21 newly sampled families, our Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian-based approaches recovered previously phylogenetically defined taxa: Keratosa(p), Myxospongiae(p), Spongillida(p), Haploscleromorpha(p) (the marine haplosclerids) and Democlavia(p). We found conflicting results concerning the relationships of Keratosa(p) and Myxospongiae(p) to the remaining demosponges, but our results strongly supported a clade of Haploscleromorpha(p)+Spongillida(p)+Democlavia(p). In contrast to hypotheses based on mitochondrial genome and ribosomal data, nuclear housekeeping gene data suggested that freshwater sponges (Spongillida(p)) are sister to Haploscleromorpha(p) rather than part of Democlavia(p). Within Keratosa(p), we found equivocal results as to the monophyly of Dictyoceratida. Within Myxospongiae(p), Chondrosida and Verongida were monophyletic. A well-supported clade within Democlavia(p), Tetractinellida(p), composed of all sampled members of Astrophorina and Spirophorina (including the only lithistid in our analysis), was consistently revealed as the sister group to all other members of Democlavia(p). Within Tetractinellida(p), we did not recover monophyletic Astrophorina or Spirophorina. Our results also reaffirmed the monophyly of order Poecilosclerida (excluding Desmacellidae and Raspailiidae), and polyphyly of Hadromerida and Halichondrida. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results, using an independent nuclear gene set, confirmed many hypotheses based on ribosomal and/or mitochondrial genes, and they also identified clades with low statistical support or clades that conflicted with traditional morphological classification. Our results will serve as a basis for future exploration of these outstanding questions using more taxon- and gene-rich datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S. Hill
- Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - April L. Hill
- Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jose Lopez
- Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Shirley Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Diaz
- Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard de Boca Del Rio, Boca del Rio, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela
| | - Robert W. Thacker
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Maja Adamska
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Thormøhlensgt, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicole Boury-Esnault
- IMBE-UMR7263 CNRS, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Station marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
| | - Paco Cárdenas
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andia Chaves-Fonnegra
- Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Danka
- Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bre-Onna De Laine
- Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dawn Formica
- Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lobo-Hajdu
- Departamento de Genética, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sarah Klontz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Christine C. Morrow
- School of Biological Sciences, MBC, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jignasa Patel
- Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bernard Picton
- National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Pisani
- School of Earth Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Pohlmann
- Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Niamh E. Redmond
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - John Reed
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stacy Richey
- Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ewelina Rubin
- Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zach Russell
- Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Klaus Rützler
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Erik A. Sperling
- Harvard University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael di Stefano
- Gottwald Science Center, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - James E. Tarver
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Allen G. Collins
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA's Fisheries Service, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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9
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Redmond NE, Raleigh J, van Soest RWM, Kelly M, Travers SAA, Bradshaw B, Vartia S, Stephens KM, McCormack GP. Phylogenetic relationships of the marine Haplosclerida (Phylum Porifera) employing ribosomal (28S rRNA) and mitochondrial (cox1, nad1) gene sequence data. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24344. [PMID: 21931685 PMCID: PMC3172223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematics of the poriferan Order Haplosclerida (Class Demospongiae) has been under scrutiny for a number of years without resolution. Molecular data suggests that the order needs revision at all taxonomic levels. Here, we provide a comprehensive view of the phylogenetic relationships of the marine Haplosclerida using many species from across the order, and three gene regions. Gene trees generated using 28S rRNA, nad1 and cox1 gene data, under maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, are highly congruent and suggest the presence of four clades. Clade A is comprised primarily of species of Haliclona and Callyspongia, and clade B is comprised of H. simulans and H. vansoesti (Family Chalinidae), Amphimedon queenslandica (Family Niphatidae) and Tabulocalyx (Family Phloeodictyidae), Clade C is comprised primarily of members of the Families Petrosiidae and Niphatidae, while Clade D is comprised of Aka species. The polyphletic nature of the suborders, families and genera described in other studies is also found here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh E. Redmond
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., United States of America
- Zoology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jean Raleigh
- Zoology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Michelle Kelly
- National Centre for Aquatic Biodiversity and Biosecurity, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon A. A. Travers
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Brian Bradshaw
- Zoology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Salla Vartia
- Zoology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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10
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Redmond NE, van Soest RWM, Kelly M, Raleigh J, Travers SAA, McCormack GP. Reassessment of the classification of the Order Haplosclerida (Class Demospongiae, Phylum Porifera) using 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 43:344-52. [PMID: 17188001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N E Redmond
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics Laboratory, Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, Zoology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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