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Yu Y, Wang X, Fox J, Yu R, Thakre P, McCauley B, Nikoloutsos N, Li Q, Hastings PJ, Dang W, Chen K, Ira G. Yeast EndoG prevents genome instability by degrading cytoplasmic DNA. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3641411. [PMID: 38260641 PMCID: PMC10802722 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3641411/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In metazoans release of mitochondrial DNA or retrotransposon cDNA to cytoplasm can cause sterile inflammation and disease 1. Cytoplasmic nucleases degrade these DNA species to limit inflammation 2,3. It remains unknown whether degradation these DNA also prevents nuclear genome instability. To address this question, we decided to identify the nuclease regulating transfer of these cytoplasmic DNA species to the nucleus. We used an amplicon sequencing-based method in yeast enabling analysis of millions of DSB repair products. Nuclear mtDNA (NUMTs) and retrotransposon cDNA insertions increase dramatically in nondividing stationary phase cells. Yeast EndoG (Nuc1) nuclease limits insertions of cDNA and transfer of very long mtDNA (>10 kb) that forms unstable circles or rarely insert in the genome, but it promotes formation of short NUMTs (~45-200 bp). Nuc1 also regulates transfer of cytoplasmic DNA to nucleus in aging or during meiosis. We propose that Nuc1 preserves genome stability by degrading retrotransposon cDNA and long mtDNA, while short NUMTs can originate from incompletely degraded mtDNA. This work suggests that nucleases eliminating cytoplasmic DNA play a role in preserving genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordan Fox
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruofan Yu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pilendra Thakre
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brenna McCauley
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicolas Nikoloutsos
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P. J. Hastings
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwei Dang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grzegorz Ira
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yu Y, Wang X, Fox J, Yu R, Thakre P, McCauley B, Nikoloutsos N, Li Q, Hastings PJ, Dang W, Chen K, Ira G. Yeast EndoG prevents genome instability by degrading cytoplasmic DNA. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.13.571550. [PMID: 38168242 PMCID: PMC10760121 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In metazoans release of mitochondrial DNA or retrotransposon cDNA to cytoplasm can cause sterile inflammation and disease. Cytoplasmic nucleases degrade these DNA species to limit inflammation. It remains unknown whether degradation these DNA also prevents nuclear genome instability. To address this question, we decided to identify the nuclease regulating transfer of these cytoplasmic DNA species to the nucleus. We used an amplicon sequencing-based method in yeast enabling analysis of millions of DSB repair products. Nu clear mt DNA (NUMTs) and retrotransposon cDNA insertions increase dramatically in nondividing stationary phase cells. Yeast EndoG (Nuc1) nuclease limits insertions of cDNA and transfer of very long mtDNA (>10 kb) that forms unstable circles or rarely insert in the genome, but it promotes formation of short NUMTs (∼45-200 bp). Nuc1 also regulates transfer of cytoplasmic DNA to nucleus in aging or during meiosis. We propose that Nuc1 preserves genome stability by degrading retrotransposon cDNA and long mtDNA, while short NUMTs can originate from incompletely degraded mtDNA. This work suggests that nucleases eliminating cytoplasmic DNA play a role in preserving genome stability.
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Chien CY, Lin JC, Huang CY, Hsu CY, Yang KC, Chattopadhyay S, Nikoloutsos N, Hsieh PCH, Hu CMJ. In Situ Hydrogelation of Cellular Monolayers Enables Conformal Biomembrane Functionalization for Xeno-Free Feeder Substrate Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201708. [PMID: 36455286 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The intricate functionalities of cellular membranes have inspired strategies for deriving and anchoring cell-surface components onto solid substrates for biological studies, biosensor applications, and tissue engineering. However, introducing conformal and right-side-out cell membrane coverage onto planar substrates requires cumbersome protocols susceptible to significant device-to-device variability. Here, a facile approach for biomembrane functionalization of planar substrates is demonstrated by subjecting confluent cellular monolayer to intracellular hydrogel polymerization. The resulting cell-gel hybrid, herein termed GELL (gelated cell), exhibits extraordinary stability and retains the structural integrity, membrane fluidity, membrane protein mobility, and topology of living cells. In assessing the utility of GELL layers as a tissue engineering feeder substrate for stem cell maintenance, GELL feeder prepared from primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts not only preserves the stemness of murine stem cells but also exhibits advantages over live feeder cells owing to the GELL's inanimate, non-metabolizing nature. The preparation of a xeno-free feeder substrate devoid of non-human components is further shown with HeLa cells, and the resulting HeLa GELL feeder effectively sustains the growth and stemness of both murine and human induced pluripotent stem cells. The study highlights a novel bio-functionalization strategy that introduces new opportunities for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Saborni Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Li J, Wijeratne SS, Nelson TE, Lin TC, He X, Feng X, Nikoloutsos N, Fang R, Jiang K, Lian I, Kiang CH. Dependence of Membrane Tether Strength on Substrate Rigidity Probed by Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4173-4178. [PMID: 32356665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Substrate rigidity modulates cell mechanics, which affect cell migration and proliferation. Quantifying the effects of substrate rigidity on cancer cell mechanics requires a quantifiable parameter that can be measured for individual cells, as well as a substrate platform with rigidity being the only variable. Here we used single-cell force spectroscopy to pull cancer cells on substrates varying only in rigidity, and extracted a parameter from the force-distance curves to be used to quantify the properties of membrane tethers. Our results showed that tether force increases with substrate rigidity until it reaches its asymptotic limit. The variations are similar for all three cancer cell lines studied, and the largest change occurs in the rigidity regions of softer tissues, indicating a universal response of cancer cell elasticity to substrate rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiang Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sithara S Wijeratne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tyler E Nelson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
| | - Tsung-Cheng Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xin He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xuewen Feng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Nicolas Nikoloutsos
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
| | - Raymond Fang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ian Lian
- Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas 77710, United States
| | - Ching-Hwa Kiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Lin TC, Li J, Wijeratne SS, He X, Feng X, Nikoloutsos N, Fang R, Jiang K, Lian IY, Kiang CH. Quantifying Substrate Rigidity Effects on Cancer Cell Mechanics using Single Cell Force Spectroscopy. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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