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Yu H, Shahi N, Robert SC, Supersad A, Anishchenko A, Lebel K, Dobson JL, Patlas MN. Characterizing the Variety of Call Structures Across Canadian Diagnostic Radiology Postgraduate Medical Education Programs. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024; 75:187-190. [PMID: 37312499 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231182415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Radiology Resident, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Niharika Shahi
- Radiology Resident, McMaster University, Hamilton ON Canada
| | | | - Alanna Supersad
- Radiology Resident, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kiana Lebel
- Radiology Resident, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Michael N Patlas
- Attending Radiologist, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Suresh S, Anand A, Singh P, Shahi N, Sharma S, Jethlia A. Comparative Assessment of the Periodontal Findings in Child Subjects With a Normal Body Mass Index and in Obese Subjects. Cureus 2023; 15:e47897. [PMID: 38034255 PMCID: PMC10683323 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children is a concerning issue affecting a large population globally. Obesity and overweight are risk factors for various medical conditions, including periodontal diseases, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, and/or diabetes. AIM The study aimed to comparatively assess the periodontal findings in child subjects with a normal BMI and in obese subjects. METHODS The present observational study aimed to comparatively assess 216 school-going child subjects that were divided into two groups: non-obese (BMI<25) and obese, with BMI≥25 having equal gender distribution. In both groups, clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed along with a questionnaire on oral hygiene and dietary habits. The data gathered were statistically analysed. RESULTS The study results showed that in obese subjects, significantly higher values were seen for probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque index compared to non-obese subjects with p<0.05. However, no significant difference was noted in the CAL of obese and non-obese subjects (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The periodontal status is compromised in obese subjects with higher values of probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque index compared to child subjects with normal weight. The level of CAL does not differ significantly between obese and non-obese child subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Suresh
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Buddha Dental College and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Netaji Subhash Medical College and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Pinky Singh
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Dr. B. R. Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Niharika Shahi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Purvanchal Institute of Dental Sciences, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Institute Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, IND
| | - Ankur Jethlia
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Diagnostic Division, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Toshi T, Raj N, Anand K, Shahi N. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Evidence-Based Dentistry, Perception Basis, and Use of Articaine Among Dental Practitioners. Cureus 2022; 14:e32510. [PMID: 36654547 PMCID: PMC9840431 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many dentists use articaine as their choice of local anesthetic agent. However, the use of articaine is limited to inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs), and literature data are scarce concerning its perception and choice among various dental practitioners. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the extent of articaine use as a local anesthetic in dentistry, its perception basis, and the consistency of evidence of the efficacy and safety of articaine in recent practice. Methods: The present study utilized a survey tool that was given to all the participating dental practitioners, and the participants were given five minutes to fill out the survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was in English and had 14 questions to be answered. The data gathered were statistically assessed to formulate the results. Results: The results of this cross-sectional survey reported that articaine is used as a choice of local anesthetic by more than half of the participating dental practitioners. Sixty percent (n = 480) participants used articaine in their practice, followed by lidocaine, which was used by 33% (n = 264) dental practitioners, mepivacaine by 2% (n = 16) participants, prilocaine by 1% (n = 8) dental practitioners, and other local anesthetics by 4% (n = 32) participants, respectively. Concerning the safety and efficacy of articaine use, 43% used it for all procedures except for IANBs, whereas 20% used it for all procedures, including IANBs. Conclusion: Despite the reported efficacy and safety of articaine as a local anesthetic for all dental procedures, many dental practitioners refrain from using it, especially for IANBs. These data depict a difference between current research evidence and reported clinical practice.
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Shahi N, Patchett-Marble R. Systematic urine drug testing for detecting and managing opioid misuse among chronic noncancer pain patients in primary care-The HARMS Program: A retrospective chart review of 77 patients. J Opioid Manag 2020; 16:277-282. [PMID: 32885835 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2020.0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of opioid abuse has reached an epidemic level. National guidelines recommend safer opioid prescribing practices, including potentially monitoring patients with urine drug testing (UDT). There is limited research evidence sur-rounding the use of UDT in the context of chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). We evaluated the efficacy of systematic, randomized UDT to detect and manage opioid misuse among patients with CNCP in primary care. The Marathon Family Health Team (MFHT) designed and implemented a clinic-wide, randomized UDT program called the HARMS (High-yield Approach to Risk Mitigation and Safety) Program. This retrospective chart review includes 77 CNCP patients being pre-scribed opioids, who were initially stratified by their prescriber as "low-risk." Each month, 10 percent of patients were selected for a random UDT with double testing (immunoassay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). The pri-mary outcome measure was UDT leading to a change in management plan. Of the 77 patients in the study, 55 (71 per-cent) completed at least one UDT during the 12-month study period. Overall, 22 patients had aberrant results. UDT led directly to changes in management in 15 of those patients. Four of those 15 patients were escalated to an addictions program, two were tapered from opioids with informed discussion, and nine were escalated to the high-risk monitoring stream. The results of this study show that in low-risk CNCP patients prescribed opioids, applying systematic UDT in a primary care setting is effective for detecting high risk behaviors and addiction, and altering management. Further re-search is needed with larger numbers using a prospective study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Shahi
- Medical Student, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Patchett-Marble
- Family Physician, Marathon Family Health Team, Marathon, Ontario, Canada; Profes-sor, Medicine at the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Abdullahi I, Watila MM, Shahi N, Nyandaiti YW, Bwala SA. Serum magnesium in adult patients with idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy in Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2019; 22:186-193. [PMID: 30729941 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_252_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Alteration in the homeostasis of trace elements such as magnesium may play a role in the development of epileptic seizures. This study aims to investigate the levels of serum magnesium in people with idiopathic generalized epileptic (IGE) seizures and symptomatic seizures in Northeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods Serum magnesium level was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry among 40 adults with IGE, 20 adults with symptomatic epileptic seizures, and 30 healthy controls. Serum calcium, potassium, phosphate, and albumin were also measured. Results The mean serum magnesium level was significantly lower among people with epilepsy compared with the controls [0.79 ± 0.18 mmol/L vs 0.90 mmol/L ± 0.17, P = 0.007, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0.189 to -0.031)]. People with IGE had significantly lower levels of magnesium compared with those with symptomatic seizures [0.74 ± 0.17 mmol/L vs 0.9 ± 0.16 mmol/L, P < 0.001 95% CI: (-0.251 to -0.069)]. The mean magnesium level for all groups was in the reference range, but the lowest levels were observed in those with IGE. There is no significant correlation between the level of serum magnesium and the severity of seizure attacks. There was significantly lower level of calcium in people with IGE compared with those with symptomatic seizures [2.3 ± 0.13 mmol/L vs 2.4 ± 0.16 mmol/L, P = 0.012, 95% CI: (-0.177 to 0.023)] or controls [2.3 ± 0.13 mmol/L vs 2.4 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.01, 95% CI: (-0.156 to -0.044)]. No significant differences were observed in the levels of potassium, phosphate, and albumin. Conclusion This study suggests that low serum magnesium and calcium may play a role in IGE, and supplementation may be useful in reducing seizures in Black patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Abdullahi
- Federal Medical Center Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria
| | - M M Watila
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State; Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - N Shahi
- Neurosurgery Department, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Y W Nyandaiti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - S A Bwala
- Department of Medicine, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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Shahi N, Mallik SK, Sahoo M, Chandra S, Singh AK. First report on characterization and pathogenicity study of emerging Lactococcus garvieae infection in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1039-1048. [PMID: 29473318 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
"Warm water lactococcosis" in farm-reared rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) in the northern Himalayan region of India, caused by bacterium Lactococcus garvieae is described in this study. Nine bacterial isolates were recovered from the organs of haemorrhagic septicaemia rainbow trout and were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification. Cell surface characteristics and virulence of the bacterial isolates are also described. All the nine bacterial isolates had homogenous biochemical characteristics and were Gram-positive, short chains forming (two to eight cells long), α-haemolytic, non-motile ovoid cocci. Partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence (~1,400 bp) of current isolates shared 99% identities with the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence of L. garvieae R421, L. garvieae FMA395 and L. garvieae CAU:1730. The identity of the bacterial isolates was further confirmed by PCR amplification of L. garvieae-specific ~1,100 bp fragment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of one representative isolate, L. garvieae RTCLI04, indicates that the isolated strain lacks thick outer capsule and is of KG+ (non-capsulates) phenotype. An intraperitoneal and intramuscular injection (2.6 × 105 CFU ml-1 ) and also immersion in bacterial suspension @ of 2.6 × 105 CFU ml-1 to healthy rainbow trout juveniles (body weight: 27.5 ± 3.7 g) with L. garvieae RTCLI04 caused 80%, 60% and 10% cumulative mortality in challenged fish, respectively, within 15 days post-infection. The haemorrhagic septicaemic disease was reproduced experimentally. Histopathological examination of organs of experimentally infected fish revealed extensive degenerative and inflammatory changes in eye, kidney, gill and liver. PCR amplification of several putative virulence genes such as haemolysins, adhesins, LPxTG-containing surface proteins and adhesins cluster confirms the virulence of our Indian L. garvieae isolates. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time that L. garvieae is associated with fatal haemorrhagic septicaemia in farmed rainbow trout in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shahi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - S K Mallik
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M Sahoo
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Chandra
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - A K Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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Shahi N, Tobe SW. Thresholds and Targets for Hypertension Management in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Should Remain at 130/80 mmHg: What's the Evidence? Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:166-172. [PMID: 29273294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension and diabetes are common comorbidities and are both modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. Lowering blood pressure reduces target organ damage and prevents cardiovascular disease outcomes. The harmonized Canadian clinical practice guidelines for managing hypertension in people with diabetes provides health-behaviour advice and medical therapy recommendations for a threshold blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg and above and to target blood pressure to below 130/80 mmHg. We have reviewed the studies supporting these recommendations and others, and they appear to be at odds with the guidelines, including those for elderly people and patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Shahi
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheldon W Tobe
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Navit S, Shahi N, Khan SA, Sharma A, Singh V, Mishra RP, Navit P, Sharma P. Nature's Benefaction as a Life Saver for an Avulsed Tooth: An In vitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC01-ZC04. [PMID: 28764282 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26673.9954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentoalveolar trauma is a very common and avulsion is the most frequent injury. Treatment of choice following avulsion is immediate reimplantation. However, in cases where this might not be possible the prognosis of reimplanted teeth can be improved by the selection of an appropriate storage media. Prevention of ankylosis and replacement resorption depends more on the potential of storage media to maintain cell viability rather than the extraalveolar time period. AIM To compare and evaluate the efficacy of different storage media in maintaining the viability of Periodontal Ligament (PDL) cells in an avulsed tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 58 freshly extracted human premolar teeth were divided into four experimental groups and two control groups. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0 minute and an eight hours dry time, respectively. The experimental teeth were stored dry for 30 minutes and then immersed in one of the four media: Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), coconut water, aloe vera and saline for 45 minutes. The teeth were then treated with Collagenase Type II and Dispase for 30 minutes. The number of viable PDL cells were counted with a haemocytometer and analysed. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 15.0. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post-hoc tests (Tukey-HSD) were performed to reveal the statistical significance. The values were represented in number (%) and mean±SD. RESULTS Statistical analysis demonstrated that among the experimental groups maximum percentage of viable cells were seen in HBSS (87.33%) followed by coconut water (79.87%), aloe vera (70.59%) and saline (50.56%). CONCLUSION Within the parameters of this study, it can be concluded that the HBSS is the most effective storage media in maintaining the viability of PDL cells. However, in Indian scenario where availability of HBSS is questionable, coconut water can be considered as the best natural storage media for an avulsed tooth followed by aloe vera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Navit
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niharika Shahi
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suleman Abbas Khan
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vartika Singh
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratna Priya Mishra
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragati Navit
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Chandra Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prerna Sharma
- Consultant, Department of Periodontics, Rama Dental College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Bullosis diabeticorum is considered a rare skin manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Tense blisters appear rapidly, mostly on the feet, the cause of which is unclear, with multiple pathophysiologies hypothesised. This is a retrospective review of 4 diabetic patients who presented over six months with diabetic bullae; the condition may therefore not be as rare as commonly believed. All the patients had early surgical debridement followed by topical negative pressure wound dressings. A multidisciplinary team that included vascular surgeons, diabetologists, diabetic foot care team, wound care team, physiotherapists and occupational therapists managed the patients and none of them required amputations. We propose an alternative way of managing these patients with early surgical debridement followed by topical negative pressure wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shahi
- MBChB, MRCS, MSc, ST6, Department of Vascular Surgery, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - S Bradley
- MBBS, General Practice Trainee, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - K Vowden
- Consultant nurse and wound care specialist, Department of Vascular Surgery, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - P Vowden
- Professor, Consultant Vascular Surgeon and Honorary Senior Lecturer, Department of Vascular Surgery, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Shahi N, Mallik SK. Recovery of Pseudomonas koreensis from eye lesions in golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) in Uttarakhand, India. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:497-500. [PMID: 24033716 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Shahi
- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
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Shahi N, Yousuf A, Rather M, Ahmad F, Yaseen T. First report of blood parasites in fishes from Kashmir and their effect on the haematological profile. Open Vet J 2013; 3:89-95. [PMID: 26623319 PMCID: PMC4629612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprinus carpio communis Linnaeus, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel and Triplophysa marmorata species of fishes were captured from Anchar Lake and river Jhelum of Kashmir Himalaya for hematological and parasitological analysis. During the investigation haemoflagellates from the genus Babesiosoma and Trypanosoma were recorded in the blood smears. Trypanosomes were present in all the species except C. carpio, whereas Babesiosoma were only found in T. marmorata. Haematological analysis revealed a significant (p<0.01) reduction in red blood cell count in the fishes infected with Babesiosoma and Trypanosoma. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was recorded in haemoglobin value and packed cell volume in the infected fishes in comparison to the non-infected fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Shahi
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India,Corresponding Author: Nuzhat Shahi. Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006. India.
| | - A.R. Yousuf
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - M.I. Rather
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - F. Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - T. Yaseen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Shahi N, No author NA, Yousuf A, Rather M, Yaseen F. First report of blood parasites in fishes from Kashmir and their effect on the haematological profile. Open Vet J 2013. [DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2013.v3.i2.p89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprinus carpio communis Linnaeus, Carassius carassius Linnaeus, Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel and Triplophysa marmorata species of fishes were captured from Anchar Lake and river Jhelum of Kashmir Himalaya for hematological and parasitological analysis. During the investigation haemoflagellates from the genus Babesiosoma and Trypanosoma were recorded in the blood smears. Trypanosomes were present in all the species except C. carpio, whereas Babesiosoma were only found in T. marmorata. Haematological analysis revealed a significant (p<0.01) reduction in red blood cell count in the fishes infected with Babesiosoma and Trypanosoma. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was recorded in haemoglobin value and packed cell volume in the infected fishes in comparison to the non-infected fishes.
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Moonesinghe SR, Lowery J, Shahi N, Millen A, Beard JD. Impact of reduction in working hours for doctors in training on postgraduate medical education and patients' outcomes: systematic review. BMJ 2011; 342:d1580. [PMID: 21427046 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether a reduction in working hours of doctors in postgraduate medical training has had an effect on objective measures of medical education and clinical outcome. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar, ERIC, and SIGLE were searched without language restriction for articles published between 1990 and December 2010. Reference lists and citations of selected articles. STUDY SELECTION Studies that assessed the impact of a change in duty hours using any objective measure of outcome related to postgraduate medical training, patient safety, or clinical outcome. Any study design was eligible for inclusion. RESULTS 72 studies were eligible for inclusion: 38 reporting training outcomes, 31 reporting outcomes in patients, and three reporting both. A reduction in working hours from greater than 80 hours a week (in accordance with US recommendations) does not seem to have adversely affected patient safety and has had limited effect on postgraduate training. Reports on the impact of European legislation limiting working hours to less than 56 or 48 a week are of poor quality and have conflicting results, meaning that firm conclusions cannot be made. CONCLUSIONS Reducing working hours to less than 80 a week has not adversely affected outcomes in patient or postgraduate training in the US. The impact of reducing hours to less than 56 or 48 a week in the UK has not yet been sufficiently evaluated in high quality studies. Further work is required, particularly in the European Union, using large multicentre evaluations of the impact of duty hours' legislation on objective educational and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shahi
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
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