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Quah JX, Jenkins E, Dharmaprani D, Tiver K, Smith C, Hecker T, Joseph MX, Selvanayagam JB, Tung M, Stanton T, Ahmad W, Stoyanov N, Lahiri A, Chahadi F, Singleton C, Ganesan A. Role of interatrial conduction in atrial fibrillation. Mechanistic insights from renewal theory-based fibrillatory dynamic analysis. Heart Rhythm O2 2022; 3:335-343. [PMID: 36097465 PMCID: PMC9463713 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interatrial conduction has been postulated to play an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF). The pathways involved in interatrial conduction during AF remain incompletely defined. Objective We recently showed physiological assessment of fibrillatory dynamics could be performed using renewal theory, which determines rates of phase singularity formation (λf) and destruction (λd). Using the renewal approach, we aimed to understand the role of the interatrial septum and other electrically coupled regions during AF. Method RENEWAL-AF is a prospective multicenter observational study recruiting AF ablation patients (ACTRN 12619001172190). We studied unipolar electrograms obtained from 16 biatrial locations prior to ablation using a 16-electrode Advisor HD Grid catheter. Renewal rate constants λf and λd were calculated, and the relationships between these rate constants in regions of interatrial connectivity were examined. Results Forty-one AF patients (28.5% female) were recruited. A positive linear correlation was observed between λf and λd (1) across the interatrial septum (λf r2 = 0.5, P < .001, λd r2 = 0.45, P < .001), (2) in regions connected by the Bachmann bundle (right atrial appendage–left atrial appendage λf r2 = 0.29, P = .001; λd r2 = 0.2, P = .008), and (3) across the inferior interatrial routes (cavotricuspid isthmus–left atrial septum λf r2 = 0.67, P < .001; λd r2 = 0.55, P < .001). Persistent AF status and left atrial volume were found to be important effect modifiers of the degree of interatrial renewal rate statistical correlation. Conclusion Our findings support the role of interseptal statistically determined electrical disrelation in sustaining AF. Additionally, renewal theory identified preferential conduction through specific interatrial pathways during fibrillation. These findings may be of importance in identifying clinically significant targets for ablation in AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xian Quah
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Evan Jenkins
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dhani Dharmaprani
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn Tiver
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Teresa Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Majo X. Joseph
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Tung
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Australia
| | - Tony Stanton
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Australia
| | - Waheed Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nik Stoyanov
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Anandaroop Lahiri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Fahd Chahadi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cameron Singleton
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anand Ganesan
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
- Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Anand Ganesan, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Dr, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia.
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Harty J, Liow S, Burrows S, Barnes C, Hillis G, Stoyanov N, Shiekh I, Spiro J, Alcock R, Best M, Powell A, Schultz C. Does Combining Risk Scores Improve Prediction of Early Readmissions in Acute Coronary Syndromes? Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quah J, Jenkins E, Dharmaprani D, Tiver K, Smith C, Kutieleh R, Hecker T, Joseph M, Selvanayagam J, Tung M, Stanton T, Ahmad W, Stoyanov N, Lahiri A, Chahadi F, Singleton C, Ganesan A. Renewal Theory: A Statistical Approach to Improve Patient Selection for Pulmonary Vein Isolation-Only Strategy in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Marinova P, Marinov M, Kazakova M, Feodorova Y, Blazheva D, Slavchev A, Georgiev D, Nikolova I, Sbirkova-Dimitrova H, Sarafian V, Stoyanov N. Copper(II) Complex of Bis(1',3'-Hydroxymethyl)-Spiro-(Fluorene-9,4'-Imidazolidine)-2',5'-Dione, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Its Derivative and Crystal Structure of Free Ligand. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621130052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Marinova P, Marinov M, Kazakova M, Feodorova Y, Blazheva D, Slavchev A, Sbirkova-Dimitrova H, Sarafian V, Stoyanov N. Crystal Structure of 5ʹ-Oxospiro-(fluorene-9,4ʹ-imidazolidine)-2ʹ-thione and Biological Activity of Its Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gower M, Gower M, Janowicz E, Anderson D, Capart P, Stoyanov N, Nguyen B, Combest A, Ognar R. P13.05 Real-World Treatment Patterns and Sequencing of Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy Based on PD-L1 TPS in European Patients With mNSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Stoyanov N, Anderson D, Combest A, Nguyen B, Ognar R, Reitsma D, Capart P. 1340P Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients (pts) with advanced, ALK+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Europe. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Anvardeen K, Rao R, Hazra S, Hay K, Dai H, Stoyanov N, Birnie D, Dwivedi G, Chan KL. Lead-Specific Features Predisposing to the Development of Tricuspid Regurgitation After Endocardial Lead Implantation. CJC Open 2019; 1:316-323. [PMID: 32159126 PMCID: PMC7063659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endocardial lead in the right ventricle is recognized as a cause for tricuspid regurgitation (TR), but the mechanism remains elusive. We sought to evaluate lead-specific features on the development of TR after endocardial lead implantation. Methods This was a prospective single-center study. The patients underwent 2-dimensional echocardiograms before endocardial lead implantation and at follow-up visits at 4 to 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. We assessed the position of the endocardial lead at the tricuspid annulus by 3-dimensional echocardiography, the tricuspid leaflet interference by the endocardial lead by both 2- and 3-dimensional echocardiography, and the degree of lead slack radiologically. Patient characteristics and lead-related factors were evaluated in the prediction of new or worse TR by univariable and multivariable analyses. Results New or increased TR was detected in 38 of 128 patients at the 12-month follow-up. The postero-septal commissure was the most common lead position, and tricuspid leaflet interference detected in 21 patients was associated with a noncommissural lead position. The implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead was not associated with new TR compared with the implantation of a pacemaker lead. Tricuspid leaflet interference (P < 0.0001), but not lead position or lead slack, was the only lead-specific factor associated with the development of TR. Conclusion After right ventricle endocardial lead implantation, leaflet interference determined by echocardiography, but not the nature of the lead, the lead position at the tricuspid annulus, and the radiological lead slack, predicted TR development at 1 year postimplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalilur Anvardeen
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St John of God Hospital, Midland, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rajeev Rao
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samir Hazra
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Kingston Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Hay
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyan Dai
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Nik Stoyanov
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Birnie
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kwan Leung Chan
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Dr Kwan Leung Chan, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada. Tel: +1-613-696-7337; fax: +1-613-696-7127.
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Chan K, Anvardeen K, Rao R, Hazra S, Hay K, Dai H, Stoyanov N, Birnie D, Dwivedi G. TRICUSPID REGURGITATION AND CARDIAC REMODELING 12 MONTHS AFTER ENDOCARDIAL LEAD IMPLANTATION. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Anvardeen K, Rao R, Hazra S, Hay K, Dai H, Stoyanov N, Birnie D, Dwivedi G, Chan KL. Prevalence and Significance of Tricuspid Regurgitation Post-Endocardial Lead Placement. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 12:562-564. [PMID: 30219404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chieng D, Alcock R, Stoyanov N. Severe Coronary Artery Aneurysm With Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis as a Rare Cause of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Marangou J, Giudicatti L, Baumwol J, Russell R, Stoyanov N, Gupta A, Rajwani A, Dembo L, Nolan D, Rankin J, Dwivedi G. Prevalence and Significance of Right Heart Abnormalities in Cardiac Sarcoidosis: The Western Australia Cardiac Sarcoid Registry Findings. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Giudicatti L, Marangou J, Nolan D, Dembo L, Baumwol J, Stoyanov N, Rajwani A, Gupta A, Rankin J, Dwivedi G. Utility of Whole-Body 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography to Diagnose Isolated Cardiac Sarcoid. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Giudicatti LC, Lee G, Italiano C, Stoyanov N. Streptococcus pyogenes pericarditis in a healthy adult: a common organism in an uncommon site. Med J Aust 2017; 206:113-114. [DOI: 10.5694/mja16.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chieng D, Maggiore P, Crawford D, Thomas M, Lee F, Abraham A, Stoyanov N. Incidence of Cardiac Manifestations in Patients with Fabry's Disease in Western Australia: The FAB- WEST Study. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee F, Lamont P, Powell A, Paul V, Stoyanov N. Cardiac Manifestations of Myotonic Dystrophy - Complexities in Diagnosis and Management. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chieng D, Majeed K, Saklani P, Stoyanov N. Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse as a Rare Cause of Ventricular Fibrillation Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nair GM, Thomas V, Stoyanov N, Nery PB, Sadek MM, Green MS. Upper septal transformation of verapamil-sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia during catheter ablation: Wolf in sheep׳s clothing? HeartRhythm Case Rep 2015; 2:101-106. [PMID: 28491644 PMCID: PMC5412606 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Key Words
- AV, atrioventricular
- CL, cycle length
- Catheter ablation
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- Electrophysiological features
- ILVT, idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia
- IVS, interventricular septum
- Idiopathic verapamil-sensitive left ventricular tachycardia
- LIVS, left ventricular aspect of the interventricular septum
- LPF, left posterior fascicular
- LV, left ventricular
- RBBB, right bundle branch block
- RF, radiofrequency
- SVT, supraventricular tachycardia
- US, upper septal
- Upper septal transformation
- VA, ventriculoatrial
- VT, ventricular tachycardia
- Variants of ILVT
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish M Nair
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinod Thomas
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nik Stoyanov
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo B Nery
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mouhannad M Sadek
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin S Green
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Stoyanov N, Birnie D, Beanlands R, Veinot J, Redpath C, Nair G, Lemery R, Ohira H, Leung E, Dekemp R, Nery P. USING 3D ELECTROANATOMICAL MAPPING TO GUIDE ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY FOR CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Stoyanov N, Winterfield J, Varma N, Gollob MH. Atrial arrhythmias in the young: early onset atrial arrhythmias preceding a diagnosis of a primary muscular dystrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 16:1814-20. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Marinov M, Stoyanov N, Ugrinov A, Angelova S, Wawer I, Pisklak M, Enchev V. Solid-state structures of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-substituted phenalene-1,3-dione and indan-1,3-dione. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476614030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Momekova D, Momekov G, Ivanova J, Pantcheva I, Drakalska E, Stoyanov N, Guenova M, Michova A, Balashev K, Arpadjan S, Mitewa M, Rangelov S, Lambov N. Sterically stabilized liposomes as a platform for salinomycin metal coordination compounds: physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Stoyanov N, Paul V. Clinical Use of Telemonitoring in Chronic Heart Failure: Keeping up with the Times or Misuse of Time? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2012; 9:75-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11897-011-0074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Stoyanov N, Weerasooriya R, Butler M, Abraham A. Early Experience with Delayed-Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Taj S, Toh K, Stoyanov N, Kumar M, Rankin J. Use of CT Coronary Angiography for Intermediate Risk Chest Pain and Correlation with Catheter Angiography. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aithal J, Yeow W, Stoyanov N, Ung K, Simillion E, Yong G, Shetty S, Clugston R, Rankin J. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention for myocardial infarction involving the left main coronary artery: Immediate and intermediate term follow-up. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stoyanov N, Ng J, de Franck J, Lamont P, Powell A. Conduction Abnormalities in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Attending a Large Neurogenetics Center. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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