Disruption of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α in neutrophils decreases colitis-associated colon cancer

Neutrophils are abundant immune cells in the colon tumor microenvironment. Studies have shown that neutrophils are recruited into hypoxic foci in colon cancer. However, the impact of hypoxia signaling on neutrophil function and its involvement in colon tumorigenesis remain unclear. To address this, we generated mice with a deletion of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α or HIF-2α in neutrophils driven by the MRP8Cre (HIF-1αΔNeu) or (HIF-2αΔNeu) and littermate controls. In an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model of colon cancer, the disruption of neutrophils-HIF-1α did not result in any significant changes in body weight, colon length, tumor size, proliferation, or burden. However, the disruption of HIF-2α in neutrophils led to a slight increase in body weight, a significant decrease in the number of tumors, and a reduction in tumor size and volume compared with their littermate controls. Histological analysis of colon tissue from mice with HIF-2α-deficient neutrophils revealed notable reductions in proliferation as compared with control mice. In addition, we observed reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, in neutrophil-specific HIF-2α-deficient mice in both the tumor tissue as well as the neutrophils. Importantly, it is worth noting that the reduced tumorigenesis associated with HIF-2α deficiency in neutrophils was not evident in already established syngeneic tumors or a DSS-induced inflammation model, indicating a potential role of HIF-2α specifically in colon tumorigenesis. In conclusion, we found that the loss of neutrophil-specific HIF-2α slows colon tumor growth and progression by reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite the importance of hypoxia and neutrophils in colorectal cancer (CRC), the contribution of neutrophil-specific HIFs to colon tumorigenesis is not known. We describe that neutrophil HIF-1α has no impact on colon cancer, whereas neutrophil HIF-2α loss reduces CRC growth by decreasing proinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines. Furthermore, neutrophil HIF-2α does not reduce preestablished tumor growth or inflammation-induced colitis. The present study offers novel potential of neutrophil HIF-2α as a therapeutic target in CRC.

The Role of Ferritin in Health and Disease: Recent Advances and Understandings

Systemic iron homeostasis needs to be tightly controlled, as both deficiency and excess iron cause major global health concerns, such as iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, etc. In mammals, sufficient dietary acquisition is critical for fulfilling the systemic iron requirement. New questions are emerging about whether and how cellular iron transport pathways integrate with the iron storage mechanism. Ferritin is the intracellular iron storage protein that stores surplus iron after all the cellular needs are fulfilled and releases it in the face of an acute demand. Currently, there is a surge in interest in ferritin research after the discovery of novel pathways like ferritinophagy and ferroptosis. This review emphasizes the most recent ferritin-related discoveries and their impact on systemic iron regulation.