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Skondra M, Gkioka E, Kostakis ID, Pissimissis N, Lembessis P, Pectasides D, Koutsilieris M. Detection of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and specific primers for MGB, PTHRP and KRT19 correlation with clinicopathological features. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:6691-6699. [PMID: 25368276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to correlate the clinicopathological features of breast cancer patients with the positive detection of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP), cytokeratin protein 19 (KRT19) and mammaglobin (MGB) using a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay developed to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 54 breast cancer patients and 20 healthy blood donors. Subsequently, the samples were processed for RNA extraction and analyzed for the expression of PTHRP, KRT19 and MGB using specific primers and multiplex RT-PCR. RESULTS The positive detection rates in breast cancer patients for PTHRP, KRT19 and MGB were 68.5%, 63% and 22.2% and for healthy donors 10%, 0% and 10%, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that PTHRP- and KRT19-positive detections correlated with the diagnosis of breast cancer while the combined positive detections of PTHRP-plus-KRT19 correlated with the presence of distant metastasis, especially with bone metastasis. Moreover, positive detections of KRT19 correlated with high proliferation rate of breast cancer tumors. MGB-positive detections did not add any diagnostic advantage in such analysis. CONCLUSION Multiplex-PCR based detection of CTCs using PTHRP and KRT19 primers can provide useful information for the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Bone Neoplasms/blood
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/blood
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Keratin-19/genetics
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mammaglobin A/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/blood
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/blood
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skondra
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece Second Department of Internal Medicine University of Athens, Hippokratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eliona Gkioka
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Kostakis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pissimissis
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Lembessis
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Second Department of Internal Medicine University of Athens, Hippokratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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2
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Dalezis P, Geromichalos GD, Trafalis DT, Pissimissis N, Panagiotopoulou D, Galaktidou G, Papageorgiou E, Papageorgiou A, Daifoti Z, Lymperi M, Koutsilieris M. Dexamethasone plus octreotide regimen increases anticancer effects of docetaxel on TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer model. In Vivo 2012; 26:75-86. [PMID: 22210719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the neoadjuvant use of the dexamethasone (DEX) plus octreotide (OCT) regimen can improve the direct anticancer effects of docetaxel (DOC) in the TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer model. MATERIALS AND METHODS TRAMP-C1 cells were first characterized for the expression of SSTR1-5 and then were inoculated onto the femur of C57Bl mice. Investigation protocols employed TRAMP-C1 cell proliferation and invasion assays, analysis of radiographic images of the bone lesions and overall survival of the diseased animals. RESULTS The triple combination treatment scheme showed significant anticancer effects, in both proliferation and invasion assays, compared to any single agent treatment scheme. DOC treatment following the neoadjuvant administration of DEX plus OCT regimen improved significantly the anticancer effects both on the grading of the bone lesions and on the overall survival of the diseased animals. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the neoadjuvant administration of DEX plus OCT regimen can improve the anticancer effects of DOC on the TRAMP-C1 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dalezis
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi-Athens, 115 27, Greece
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3
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Armakolas A, Panteleakou Z, Nezos A, Tsouma A, Skondra M, Lembessis P, Pissimissis N, Koutsilieris M. Detection of the circulating tumor cells in cancer patients. Future Oncol 2011; 6:1849-56. [PMID: 21142859 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the presence of tumor cells circulating in the blood is associated with systemic disease and shortened survival, the establishment of a method to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is of critical importance for a more concise staging and follow-up of cancer patients. Recently, the most robust strategies for the determination of CTCs are the PCR-based methods and the CellSearch® system that exploits the immunofluorescent characterization and isolation of cancer cells. Herein, we analyzed the experimental strategies used for determining CTCs with respect to accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility in cancers of the breast, colon, prostate and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Armakolas
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi-Athens, Greece
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4
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Moschos MM, Armakolas A, Philippou A, Pissimissis N, Panteleakou Z, Nezos A, Kaparelou M, Koutsilieris M. Expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and type I IGF receptor mRNAs in human HLE-B3 lens epithelial cells. In Vivo 2011; 25:179-184. [PMID: 21471532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The E peptide of the IGF-1Ec transcript has been documented to stimulate the growth of different cell lines, via a type I IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-independent mechanism. The aim of the present study was to determine the implication of the IGF-1Ec isoform into the posterior capsule opacification process in human lens epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of the IGF-1 system was characterized in human HLE-B3 lens epithelium cells and the mitogenic activity of IGF-1 and synthetic E peptide and the effects of growth hormone (GH) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were examined, using qualitative real-time PCR, RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and trypan blue exclusion assays in wild-type and IGF-1R knock-out HLE-B3 cells. RESULTS The data showed that HLE-B3 cells express only the IGF-1Ea and IGF-1R transcripts. GH increased the expression of IGF-1Ea and of the previously undetectable IGF-1Eb mRNA. Finally, IGF-1 did not present any activity in the knock-out cells. CONCLUSION The IGF-1Ea isoform is the main source for the formation of mature IGF-1 in HLE-B3 cells. The effects of exogenous IGF-1 depend on the existence of IGF-1R. IGF-1 Ec is not expressed even in the presence of GH or DHT nor has it any effect on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilita M Moschos
- Department of Ophalmology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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5
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Tsouma A, Aggeli C, Lembessis P, Zografos GN, Korkolis DP, Pectasides D, Skondra M, Pissimissis N, Tzonou A, Koutsilieris M. Multiplex RT-PCR-based detections of CEA, CK20 and EGFR in colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:5965-74. [PMID: 21157973 PMCID: PMC3007112 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i47.5965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method detecting circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 88 CRC patients and 40 healthy individuals from the blood donors’ clinic and subsequently analyzed by multiplex RT-RCR for the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA. The analysis involved determining the detection rates of CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts vs disease stage and overall survival. Median follow-up period was 19 mo (range 8-28 mo).
RESULTS: Rates of CEA, CK20 and EGFR detection in CRC patients were 95.5%, 78.4% and 19.3%, respectively. CEA transcripts were detected in 3 healthy volunteer samples (7.5%), whereas all control samples were tested negative for CK20 and EGFR transcripts. The increasing number of positive detections for CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts in each blood sample was positively correlated with Astler-Coller disease stage (P < 0.001) and preoperative serum levels of CEA (P = 0.029) in CRC patients. Data analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimator documented significant differences in the overall survival of the different CRC patient groups as formed according to the increasing number of positivity for CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts.
CONCLUSION: These data suggest that multiplex RT-PCR assay can provide useful information concerning disease stage and overall survival of CRC patients.
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6
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Nezos A, Msaouel P, Pissimissis N, Lembessis P, Sourla A, Armakolas A, Gogas H, Stratigos AJ, Katsambas AD, Koutsilieris M. Methods of detection of circulating melanoma cells: a comparative overview. Cancer Treat Rev 2010; 37:284-90. [PMID: 21106295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease dissemination is the major cause of melanoma-related death. A crucial step in the metastatic process is the intravascular invasion and circulation of melanoma cells in the bloodstream with subsequent development of distant micrometastases that is initially clinically undetectable and will eventually progress into clinically apparent metastasis. Therefore, the use of molecular methods to detect circulating melanoma cells may be of value in risk stratification and clinical management of such patients. Herein, we review the currently applied techniques for the detection, isolation, enrichment and further characterization of circulating melanoma cells from peripheral blood samples in melanoma patients. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of the various molecular markers currently being evaluated as prognostic indicators of melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrianos Nezos
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias str., Goudi-Athens 115 27, Greece.
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7
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Stavropoulou A, Philippou A, Halapas A, Sourla A, Pissimissis N, Koutsilieris M. uPA, uPAR and TGFβ₁ expression during early and late post myocardial infarction period in rat myocardium. In Vivo 2010; 24:647-652. [PMID: 20952728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The expression patterns of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ₁), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR) were analysed after artery ligation-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in the rat myocardium. uPA and uPAR expressions were significantly increased both at transcriptional and protein level during early phase post MI period (uPA at 1 hour and uPAR at 24 hours post infarction). TGFβ1 mRNA expression profile revealed a significant increase of TGFβ1 expression from day 4 up to 8 weeks post infarction. These data suggest that the need for an increasing TGFβ₁ bioavailability during the post-infarction period in rat myocardium is achieved in the early post MI period by an increased expression of uPA/uPAR proteolytic system (indirect activation of latent TGFβ₁) and in the late post MI period by direct regulation of TGFβ₁ expression. It is therefore concluded that differential regulation of the TGFβ₁ bioavailability may be a crucial step of the repair mechanisms during the post MI infarction period in the rat myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Stavropoulou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi-Athens 11527, Greece
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8
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Philippou A, Papageorgiou E, Bogdanis G, Halapas A, Sourla A, Maridaki M, Pissimissis N, Koutsilieris M. Expression of IGF-1 isoforms after exercise-induced muscle damage in humans: characterization of the MGF E peptide actions in vitro. In Vivo 2009; 23:567-575. [PMID: 19567392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Different insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) isoforms, namely IGF-1Ea, IGF-1Eb and IGF-1Ec (MGF), have been proposed to have various functions in muscle repair and growth. To gain insight into the potentially differential actions of IGF-1 isoforms in the regulation of muscle regeneration, we assessed the time course of their expressions at both mRNA and protein levels after exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. In addition, we characterized mature IGF-1 and synthetic MGF E peptide signalling in C2C12 myoblast-like cells in vitro. Ten healthy male volunteers were subjected to exercise-induced muscle damage and biopsy samples were taken from the exercised muscles before and 6 h, 2, 5 and 16 days post exercise. Muscle damage was documented by specific functional and biochemical responses post exercise. PCR-based analyses of muscle biopsy samples revealed a rapid and transient up-regulation of MGF mRNA expression which was followed by a prolonged increase of IGF-1Ea and IGF-1Eb mRNA expression (p<0.05). Patterns similar to those for mRNA expression were detected for MGF and IGF-1Ea expression at the protein level. The action of synthetic MGF E peptide differed from that of mature IGF-1 since its proliferative effect on C2C12 myoblast-like cells was not blocked by an anti-IGF-1 receptor neutralizing antibody and it did not phosphorylate Akt. Therefore, we conclude that the differential expression profile of IGF-1 isoforms in vivo and the possible IGF-1R - independent MGF E peptide signalling in skeletal muscle-like cells in vitro support the notion that tissue-specific mRNA expression of MGF isoform produces mature IGF-1 and MGF E peptides which possibly act as distinct mitogens in skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi-Athens, 115 27, Greece
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9
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Pissimissis N, Papageorgiou E, Lembessis P, Armakolas A, Koutsilieris M. The glutamatergic system expression in human PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:371-377. [PMID: 19331175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutamatergic system (Glu system) comprises the Glu receptors (GluRs), the Glu transporters (GluTs) and glutamine synthetase (GS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using PCR-based detection and Western blot analysis, the expression of Glu system components was assessed in human androgen-independent PC-3 and androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells. RESULTS iGluRs, such as NR1, NR2A, NR2C, NR2D and NR3B; mGLuRs such as mGluR1, mGluR2, mGluR3, mGluR4 and mGluR5; GluTs such as EAAT1, EAAT2, EAAT3 and EAATS; and GS mRNA were steadily expressed in both cell lines. In addition, NR3A, mGluR6, mGluR8 and EAAT4 mRNA were differentially expressed in PC-3 and LNCaP cells, mGluR7 and EAAT4 mRNA expression was induced and mGluR8 was silenced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment in LNCaP cells. GS, EAAT1 and mGLuR5 were also detected at the protein level in both PC-3 and LNCAP cells. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the Glu system could be an important regulator of prostate cancer cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pissimissis
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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10
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Panteleakou Z, Lembessis P, Sourla A, Pissimissis N, Polyzos A, Deliveliotis C, Koutsilieris M. Detection of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer patients: methodological pitfalls and clinical relevance. Mol Med 2008; 15:101-14. [PMID: 19081770 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2008.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated malignancy is the major cause of prostate cancer-related mortality. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are essential for the establishment of metastasis. Various contemporary and molecular methods using prostate-specific biomarkers have been applied to detect extraprostatic disease that is undetectable by conventional imaging techniques, assessing the risk for disease recurrence after therapy of curative intent. However, the clinical relevance of CTC detection is still controversial. We review current literature regarding molecular methods used for the detection of CTCs in the peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsies of patients with prostate cancer, and we discuss the methodological pitfalls that influence the clinical significance of molecular staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharoula Panteleakou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
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11
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Halapas A, Papalois A, Stauropoulou A, Philippou A, Pissimissis N, Chatzigeorgiou A, Kamper E, Koutsilieris M. In vivo models for heart failure research. In Vivo 2008; 22:767-780. [PMID: 19181005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The medical treatment of heart failure (HF) is associated with 50% survival at 5 years, thus being one of the major causes of mortality in Western countries. An understanding of the pathophysiology of HF is essential for the development of novel efficient therapies. Consequently, the use of animal models is indispensable. In addition, the development of new in vivo models of HF is critical for the evaluation of treatments such as gene therapy, mechanical devices and new surgical approaches. However, every animal model has advantages and limitations and none of them is suitable to study all aspects of HF. Besides the technical determinants of a model, species, strain and gender affect the pathophysiology of a given heart pathogenesis and, therefore, have to be considered in each animal model. The most common in vivo models used in cardiology research and in particular in HF remodeling are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halapas
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Tsouma A, Aggeli C, Pissimissis N, Lembessis P, Zografos GN, Koutsilieris M. Circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer: detection methods and clinical significance. Anticancer Res 2008; 28:3945-3960. [PMID: 19192655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in both men and women. Although curative resection is the major treatment option, approximately half of all patients eventually develop distant metastases. Thus, the need for early detection of occult metastases has led to extensive investigation with regard to the detection of disseminated tumor cells in biological fluids, including peripheral blood or bone marrow of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the methods currently implemented for disseminated tumor cell detection in colorectal cancer. In addition, we discuss the pitfalls of each method and the future perspectives in the development of an easily applied, quick and inexpensive method which will enable the reliable detection of circulating tumor cells with optimal sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Tsouma
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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13
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Halapas A, Pissimissis N, Lembessis P, Rizos I, Rigopoulos AG, Kremastinos DT, Koutsilieris M. Molecular diagnosis of the viral component in cardiomyopathies: pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:821-36. [PMID: 18554151 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.7.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is defined as the inflammation of myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction. Despite this clear-cut definition, diagnosis and etiologic treatment continue to create considerable debate. Viral infections are frequent causes of myocarditis and there is evidence that persistent viral infection is associated with poor prognosis in different subtypes of cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE To review methods for diagnosis of viral myocarditis and present the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based protocols for evaluating viral infection in myocarditis/cardiomyopathies. METHODS A review of published literature. RESULTS/CONCLUSION There is increasing evidence that PCR-based protocols can provide reliable molecular evidence for the presence of viral infection in myocardium. Thus application of molecular techniques will allow collection and analysis of more information on the epidemiology of viral cardiomyopathies, patient risk stratification and appropriate medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Halapas
- University of Athens, Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi-Athens, 115 27, Greece
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14
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Makri A, Pissimissis N, Lembessis P, Polychronakos C, Koutsilieris M. The kisspeptin (KiSS-1)/GPR54 system in cancer biology. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34:682-92. [PMID: 18583061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KiSS-1) gene, initially described as a melanoma metastasis suppressor gene, encodes a number of peptides (kp-54, kp-14, kp-13, kp-10), which are endogenous ligands to a G protein-coupled receptor, referred as hOT7T175 or AXOR12 or GPR54. So far intensive investigation has provided substantiate evidence supporting the role of KiSS-1/GPR54 system in cancer biology as well as in the regulation of the reproductive function and trophoblast invasion. The precise mechanism by which KiSS-1/GPR54 system is affecting cancer cell growth and metastasis includes complex endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions. Nevertheless, the detail mechanism of such actions is still under intensive investigation. Herein we review the evidence which support the role of KiSS-1/GPR54 system in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Makri
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, 75 Micras Asias, Goudi-Athens 115 27, Greece.
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15
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Philippou A, Stavropoulou A, Sourla A, Pissimissis N, Halapas A, Maridaki M, Koutsilieris M. Characterization of a rabbit antihuman mechano growth factor (MGF) polyclonal antibody against the last 24 amino acids of the E domain. In Vivo 2008; 22:27-35. [PMID: 18396778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The human insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene gives rise to multiple, heterogeneous mRNA transcripts by alternative splicing, thus producing different IGF-1 isoforms. The mechano growth factor (MGF) is an IGF-1 isoform that was found to be markedly up-regulated in exercised or damaged muscle. The specific E domain of the MGF splice variant may act as an independent growth factor. The aim of the present study was to characterize a rabbit antihuman MGF polyclonal antibody. New-Zealand rabbits were immunized by injections of a purified synthetic peptide corresponding to the last 24 amino acids of the human C-terminal of the MGF E domain. Western blotting and immunohistochemical techniques were used to characterize the specificity of the polyclonal anti-MGF antiserum. The anti-MGF antiserum was found to recognize the MGF E-peptide and not the common part of the IGF-1 isoforms, i.e. the mature IGF-1 peptide. Furthermore, it specifically bound to the MGF protein in human skeletal and in rat cardiac muscle, apparently due to the considerable homology between the human and rat MGF E-peptide sequences. Immunostaining analysis showed that this polyclonal anti-MGF antibody was able to detect MGF in human muscle and in rat cardiomyocytes and vessels' smooth muscle cells. We conclude that this rabbit polyclonal anti-human/rat MGF antibody could become a valuable tool in the study of IGF-1 isoforms in human and rat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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16
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Kalariti N, Lembessis P, Papageorgiou E, Pissimissis N, Koutsilieris M. Regulation of the mGluR5, EAAT1 and GS expression by glucocorticoids in MG-63 osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2007; 7:113-8. [PMID: 17627080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth factors, cytokines, sex steroid hormones and glucocorticoids have differential and complex effects on skeletal metabolism. Recently, the presence of the glutamatergic (Glu) system in bone cells has provided new evidence for its possible role in bone physiology. Consequently, we have investigated the regulation of certain components of the Glu system by glucocorticoids in MG-63 osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells, in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS We characterized the effects of dexamethasone on the expression of the mGluR5, EAAT1 and GS, at mRNA and protein level, using relative quantitative RTPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS We confirmed the induction of GS expression by dexamethasone published previously. In addition, we documented for the first time the expression of the mGluR5 and EAAT1 in MG-63 cells, as well as the ability of dexamethasone to upregulate the expression of the mGluR5 and EAAT1 in the MG-63 cells. CONCLUSIONS Components of the glutamatergic system may play a role in bone pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kalariti
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Goudi-Athens, Greece
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Lembessis P, Msaouel P, Halapas A, Sourla A, Panteleakou Z, Pissimissis N, Milathianakis C, Bogdanos J, Papaioannou A, Maragoudakis E, Dardoufas C, Dimopoulos T, Koutsilieris M. Combined androgen blockade therapy can convert RT-PCR detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) transcripts from positive to negative in the peripheral blood of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and increase biochemical failure-free survival after curative therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 45:1488-94. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractClin Chem Leb Med 2007;45:1488–94.
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Mitropapas G, Nezos A, Halapas A, Pissimissis N, Lembessis P, Sourla A, Vassilopoulos P, Koutsilieris M. Molecular detection of tyrosinase transcripts in peripheral blood from patients with malignant melanoma: correlation of PCR sensitivity threshold with clinical and pathologic disease characteristics. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44:1403-9. [PMID: 17163814 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2006.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1403–9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Mitropapas
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Micras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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