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Akgün Çağlıyan G, Hacıoğlu S, Ünver Koluman B, İlkkılıç K, Nar R, Başer MN, Bozdemir A, Şenol H, Şen Türk N, Erol V, Yılıdırım O, Çağlıyan Ö, Güler N. Is CONUT score a prognostic index in patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma? Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:2112-2119. [PMID: 33957727 PMCID: PMC8569763 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2101-406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score on the prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Materials and methods The present study was a retrospective study. The CONUT score was calculated based on serum albumin, total cholesterol and lymphocyte levels. This study included a total of 266 patients, 131 (49.2%) were female and 135 (50.8%) were male. The median follow-up period was 51 months (range: 1–190). Results The median age was 64 years. The cut off CONUT was 1.5. There was a significant difference between patients with high (≥ 2) or low (< 2) CONUT scores in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The 5-year OS and PFS in patients with high CONUT score was 52.1% and 49.7%. The 5-year OS and PFS in patients with low CONUT score was 79.8% and 75.6% (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis for OS, age ≥ 65 years (HR = 1.80, p = 0.028), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) > 1 (HR = 2.04, p = 0.006), stage IIIA–IVB disease (HR = 2.75, p = 0.001) and the CONUT score (HR = 1.15, p = 0.003) were found statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis for PFS, age ≥ 65 years (HR = 2.02, p = 0.007), stage IIIA–IVB disease (HR = 2.42, p = 0.002) and the CONUT score (HR = 1.19, p = 0.001) were found to be significant parameters. Conclusion High CONUT score reduces OS and PFS in DLBCL. CONUT score is an independent, strong prognostic index in patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Akgün Çağlıyan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sibel Hacıoğlu
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Başak Ünver Koluman
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kadir İlkkılıç
- Department of Hematology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Traning and Research Hospital, Rize, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Nar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Başer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aslı Bozdemir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Şenol
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nilay Şen Türk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Veysel Erol
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Onurcan Yılıdırım
- Department of Internal Medicine, Şemdinli State Hospital, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - Ömer Çağlıyan
- Department of Cardiology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nil Güler
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Kocamaz H, Özdemir ÖM, Türk NŞ, Enli Y, Şahin B, Ergin H. Dose-dependent effects of adalimumab in neonatal rats with hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intestinal damage. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:33-38. [PMID: 32651971 PMCID: PMC7861631 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has an important role in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced intestinal damage. It was shown that blocking TNF-α with infliximab has beneficial effects on experimental necrotizing enterocolitis and hypoxic intestinal injury. However, there is no data about the effect of adalimumab on H/R-induced intestinal damage. Therefore, we aimed to determine potential dose-dependent benefits of adalimumab in such damage in neonatal rats. Wistar albino rat pups were assigned to one of the four groups: control group, hypoxia group, low-dose adalimumab (5 mg/kg/day) treated group (LDAT), and high-dose adalimumab (50 mg/kg/day) treated group (HDAT). On the fourth day of the experiment, all rats except for the control group were exposed to H/R followed by euthanasia. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant capacity (TOC) were measured in intestinal tissue. TAC and TOC values were used to calculate the oxidative stress index (OSI). Histopathological injury scores (HIS) were also evaluated in the tissue samples. MDA levels were significantly lower in the LDAT and HDAT groups (p < 0.001). TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the LDAT group (p < 0.001). OSI was significantly higher in the H/R group than in the control and LDAT groups (p < 0.001). Mean HIS values in the LDAT group were significantly lower than those in the H/R and HDAT groups (p < 0.001). This experimental study showed that low-dose adalimumab appears to have a beneficial effect on intestinal injury induced with H/R in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Kocamaz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Özmert Ma Özdemir
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nilay Şen Türk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Enli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Barbaros Şahin
- Experimental Animal Study Laboratory, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hacer Ergin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Türk NŞ, Eskiçorapçi S, Aybek Z, Tuncay L. The determination of stage in nonmuscle urothelial carcinoma: Staining pattern of caspase-8. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2018; 61:192-196. [PMID: 29676355 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_161_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the most frequent epithelial tumors worldwide. Aims We aimed to investigate the protein expressions of caspase-8, p53, murine double minute 2 (mdm2), and p14ARF in nonmuscle UCs and to correlate the findings with clinicopathological characteristics. Settings and Design: A total of 50 patients who had pTa and pT1 tumors were analyzed. Subjects and Methods The protein expressions of caspase-8, p53, mdm2, and p14ARF were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Statistical Analysis Used Chi-square test was done using SPSS version 16.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results Cytoplasmic caspase-8 expression was significantly higher in pT1 UCs while nuclear caspase-8 expression was significantly higher in pTa UCs (P = 0.005 and P = 0.011, respectively). Cytoplasmic caspase-8 expression was also higher in high-grade UCs (P = 0.035). The expression of p53, mdm2, and p14ARF was not also related with pathological stage or grade (P > 0.05 for all). The p14ARF expression was related with nuclear caspase-8 expression in most of the patients. Complete agreement among nonmuscle UCs for immunohistochemical expression of p14 and nuclear caspase-8 was seen in 41 cases, and the pairwise kappa agreement value was substantial (κ =0.614). The patients who had recurrence were positive for both p53 and mdm2 or either p53 or mdm2 (P = 0.025). Conclusions These results suggested that the staining pattern of caspase-8 might be helpful for determining of the stages in nonmuscle UC. It was also showed that the expression status of p53 and mdm2 were related with the recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Şen Türk
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Zafer Aybek
- Department of Urology, Medical School of Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Levent Tuncay
- Department of Urology, Medical School of Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Özlülerden Y, Toktaş C, Aybek H, Küçükatay V, Şen Türk N, Zumrutbas AE. The renoprotective effects of mannitol and udenafil in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Investig Clin Urol 2017; 58:289-295. [PMID: 28681040 PMCID: PMC5494354 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of udenafil and mannitol in an experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model. Materials and Methods A total of 64 female Wister Albino rats were used. Right nephrectomy was performed in all groups. In the control group; I/R injury was not performed. In the I/R group; left renal pedicle was clamped for 45 minutes and then underwent 60 minutes and 24 hours of reperfusion. In the mannitol group; 1 mL 20% mannitol was given intravenously 15 minutes before clamping. In the udenafil group; 10-mg/kg udenafil was given orally 1 hour before clamping. Creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Cr clearance, malondialdehyde, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), histological examination and DNA damage (Comet Assay method) levels were compared in tissue, serum and urine samples. Results Udenafil had a better protective effect than mannitol according to biochemical parameters (Cr, BUN, Cr clearance, and NGAL levels) and histopathological findings when compared with the I/R group. In the Comet sampling analysis no significant difference was detected. Conclusions Udenafil has a better renoprotective effect than mannitol against I/R injury and this effect supports more functional improvements. Further clinical trials are needed to demonstrate those effects and clinical utility of udenafil for that purpose in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cihan Toktaş
- Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hülya Aybek
- Department of Biochemistry, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Vural Küçükatay
- Department of Physiology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nilay Şen Türk
- Department of Pathology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ali Ersin Zumrutbas
- Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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Alur İ, Dodurga Y, Güneş T, Eroglu C, Durna F, Türk NŞ, Adıgüzel E, Emrecan B. Effects of endovenous laser ablation on vascular tissue: molecular genetics approach. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:11043-11047. [PMID: 26379903 PMCID: PMC4565286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is a treatment option for lower extremity varicose veins. In the present study, we investigate to the genetic changes and possibility of living tissue in the saphenous vein wall after the EVLA procedure. METHODS Eleven saphenous vein grafts were randomized in two groups: (1) 4 cm SVG segments of performed EVLA procedure in study group, (2) 4 cm segments of SVG none performed EVLA procedure in control group. SVG were taken from the remnants of distal saphenous vein grafts prepared for the bypass procedure but not used. SVG was approximately 8 cm in length and was divided into two parts 4 cm in length. One half was exposed to laser energy, while the other half of the same vein graft was untreated as a control. EVLA was performed on complete saphenous veins in the study group. Abnormal genetic changes of the SVG were observed with a Tri-Reagent method and quantified with a Nanodrop™ spectrophotometer. RESULTS Histopathological changes indicated that the intima including the endothelium was completely necrotized in the study group. It was observed that intimal thermal-energy-induced injury did not reach the media. Histopathological examination showed that homogenous eosinophilic discoloration and coagulation necrosis characterized the laser related thermal damage as well. CONCLUSIONS In this preliminary study, we found that living tissue remained in the SVG wall after application of laser ablation, and we also detected abnormal genetic changes in the study group compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Alur
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Güneş
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli, Turkey
| | - Canan Eroglu
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli, Turkey
| | - Fırat Durna
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nigde State HospitalNigde, Türkiye
| | - Nilay Şen Türk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli, Turkey
| | - Esat Adıgüzel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Emrecan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli, Turkey
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Barış İC, Caner V, Şen Türk N, Sarı İ, Hacıoğlu S, Doğu MH, Çetin O, Tepeli E, Can Ö, Bağcı G, Keskin A. Possible Role of GADD45γ Methylation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Does It Affect the Progression and Tissue Involvement? Turk J Haematol 2015; 32:295-303. [PMID: 25912017 PMCID: PMC4805329 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2014.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults and is characterized by heterogeneous clinical, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. Different mechanisms deregulating cell cycle and apoptosis play a role in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45γ) is an important gene family involved in these mechanisms. The aims of this study are to determine the frequency of GADD45γ methylation, to evaluate the correlation between GADD45γ methylation and protein expression, and to investigate the relation between methylation status and clinicopathologic parameters in DLBCL tissues and reactive lymphoid node tissues from patients with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six tissue samples of DLBCL and 40 nonmalignant reactive lymphoid node tissues were analyzed in this study. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis was used for the determination of GADD45γ methylation status. The GADD45γ protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: GADD45γ methylation was frequent (50.0%) in DLBCL. It was also significantly higher in advanced-stage tumors compared with early-stage (p=0.041). In contrast, unmethylated GADD45γ was associated with nodal involvement as the primary anatomical site (p=0.040). Conclusion: The results of this study show that, in contrast to solid tumors, the frequency of GADD45γ methylation is higher and this epigenetic alteration of GADD45γ may be associated with progression in DLBCL. In addition, nodal involvement is more likely to be present in patients with unmethylated GADD45γ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vildan Caner
- Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Denizli, Turkey Phone: +90 258 296 24 94 E-mail: ,
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Özdemir ÖMA, Ergin H, Yenisey Ç, Türk NŞ. Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in rats with hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intestinal injury. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46:685-690. [PMID: 21496538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in rat pups with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced bowel injury. METHODS One-day-old Wistar albino rat pups (n = 21) were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control, untreated and not exposed to H/R, n = 7), group 2 (untreated but exposed to H/R, n = 7), and group 3 (EGb 761 + H/R, n = 7). Ginkgo biloba extract was administered (100 mg/kg per day, subcutaneously) to group 3 for 3 days. On the fourth day, all animals except controls were exposed to H/R and were killed 6 hours after H/R. Histopathologic injury scores (HIS), malondialdehyde, glutathione (GSH), GSH-peroxidase (Px) activities, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured on intestinal samples. RESULTS Although the control group had normal HIS, group 2 had grade 3 HIS. In contrast, group 3 had minimal HIS, and these results were significantly better than those of group 2 (P < .001). Malondialdehyde and NO levels of group 3 were significantly lower than those of group 2 (P < .01). Glutathione and GSH-Px activities of group 1 were higher than those of groups 2 and 3 (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences for GSH and GSH-Px activities between groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that hypoxia and NO contributed to the pathogenesis of H/R-induced intestinal injury and that prophylactically administered EGb 761 had a protective effect on bowel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özmert M A Özdemir
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20100 Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Hacer Ergin
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20100 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Çigdem Yenisey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, 09100 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Nilay Şen Türk
- Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20100 Denizli, Turkey
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Şen Türk N, Özsan N, Caner V, Karagenç N, Düzcan F, Düzcan E, Hekimgil M. Determination of apoptosis, proliferation status and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase methylation profiles in different immunophenotypic profiles of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Turk J Haematol 2011; 28:15-26. [PMID: 27263937 DOI: 10.5152/tjh.2010.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins (bcl-2, bcl-xl, bax, bak, bid), apoptotic index (AI) and proliferation index (PI) in germinal center B-cell-like immunophenotypic profile (GCB) and non-GCB of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS The methylation status of the promoter region of O6-methylguanine-DNA yerine O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene and its relation with immunophenotypic differentiation of DLBCLs were also investigated. 101 cases were classified as GCB (29 cases) or non-GCB (72 cases). Apoptosis-associated proteins and PI were determined by IHC, and TUNEL method was used to determine AI. MGMT methylation analysis was performed by real-time PCR. RESULTS The PI was significantly higher in GCB compared with non-GCB (p=0.011). Percentage of cells stained with bcl-6 was positively correlated with the percentage of cells expressing bcl-2 (p=0.023), AI (p=0.006) and PI (p<0.001), while a significant negative correlation was observed with the percentage of cells expressing bax (p=0.027). The percentage of cells stained with MUM1 showed a significantly positive correlation with the percentage of cells expressing bcl-xl (p=0.003), bid (p=0.002), AI (p<0.001), and PI (p=0.001). MGMT methylation analysis was performed in 95 samples, and methylated profile was found in 31 cases (32.6%). GCB was found in 6 cases (22.2%) and non-GCB was determined in 25 cases (36.8%) out of 31 with MGMT methylated samples. There was no significant association between MGMT methylation status and immunophenotypic profiles (p=0.173). CONCLUSION These results suggest that bcl-6 protein expression may be responsible for the high PI in GCB. Additionally, we found that apoptosis-associated proteins were not significantly associated with immunophenotypic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Şen Türk
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey Phone: +90 258 361 39 16 E-mail:
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Özdemir ÖMA, Ergin H, Yenisey Ç, Türk NŞ, Şimşek NG. Protective effects of clarithromycin in rats with hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intestinal injury. J Pediatr Surg 2010; 45:2169-74. [PMID: 21034939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to determine the role of oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes in rat pups with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced bowel injury and to evaluate the potential benefits of prophylactic clarithromycin. METHODS One-day-old Wistar albino rat pups (N = 21) were randomly divided into 3 groups: group I (control), group II (exposed to H/R), and group III (clarithromycin + H/R). Clarithromycin was administered (40 mg/kg) subcutaneously to group III for 3 days. On the fourth day, all rats except controls were exposed to H/R and were killed at 6 hours after H/R. Histopathologic injury scores (HIS), malonyldialdehyde, glutathione (GSH), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and NO levels were measured on intestinal samples. RESULTS Whereas there was no difference for malonyldialdehyde levels among groups, HIS and NO levels were higher in group II than groups I and III (P < .05). However, GSH and GSH-Px activities were lower in group II than groups I and III (P < .05). Clarithromycin significantly increased GSH and GSH-Px activities and reduced HIS and NO levels in group III. CONCLUSION This study showed that oxidative stress and NO contributed to the pathogenesis of H/R-induced bowel injury and that clarithromycin had a protective effect on bowel injury owing to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özmert M A Özdemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20100 Denizli, Turkey.
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