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Kim E, Carreira Figueiredo I, Simmons C, Randall K, Rojo Gonzalez L, Wood T, Ranieri B, Sureda-Gibert P, Howes O, Pariante C, Nima Consortium, Pasternak O, Dell'Acqua F, Turkheimer F, Cash D. Mapping acute neuroinflammation in vivo with diffusion-MRI in rats given a systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:289-301. [PMID: 37482203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in an array of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of diffusion MRI (dMRI) to characterize changes in microglial density and morphology associated with neuroinflammation, but these were conducted mostly ex vivo and/or in extreme, non-physiological animal models. Here, we build upon these studies by investigating the utility of well-established dMRI methods to detect neuroinflammation in vivo in a more clinically relevant animal model of sickness behavior. We show that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) indicate widespread increases in diffusivity in the brains of rats given a systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge (n = 20) vs. vehicle-treated controls (n = 12). These diffusivity changes correlated with histologically measured changes in microglial morphology, confirming the sensitivity of dMRI to neuroinflammatory processes. This study marks a further step towards establishing a noninvasive indicator of neuroinflammation, which would greatly facilitate early diagnosis and treatment monitoring in various neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ines Carreira Figueiredo
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Camilla Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Randall
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Loreto Rojo Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Wood
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Brigida Ranieri
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Sureda-Gibert
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Nima Consortium
- The Wellcome Trust Consortium for the Neuroimmunology of Mood Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease (NIMA), United Kingdom
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Nevado-Holgado AJ, Ribe E, Thei L, Furlong L, Mayer MA, Quan J, Richardson JC, Cavanagh J, Consortium N, Lovestone S. Genetic and Real-World Clinical Data, Combined with Empirical Validation, Nominate Jak-Stat Signaling as a Target for Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutic Development. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050425. [PMID: 31072055 PMCID: PMC6562942 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have grown in size, the number of genetic variants that have been associated per disease has correspondingly increased. Despite this increase in the number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified per disease, their biological interpretation has in many cases remained elusive. To address this, we have combined GWAS results with orthogonal sources of evidence, namely the current knowledge of molecular pathways; real-world clinical data from six million patients; RNA expression across tissues from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, and purpose-built rodent models for experimental validation. In more detail, first we show that when examined at a pathway level, analysis of all GWAS studies groups AD in a cluster with disorders of immunity and inflammation. Using clinical data, we show that the degree of comorbidity of these diseases with AD correlates with the strength of their genetic association with molecular participants in the Janus kinases/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. Using four independent RNA expression datasets we then find evidence for the altered regulation of JAK-STAT pathway genes in AD. Finally, we use both in vitro and in vivo rodent models to demonstrate that Aβ induces gene expression of the key drivers of this pathway, providing experimental evidence to validate these data-driven observations. These results therefore nominate JAK-STAT anomalies as a prominent aetiopathological event in AD and hence a potential target for therapeutic development, and moreover demonstrate a de novo multi-modal approach to derive information from rapidly increasing genomic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejo J Nevado-Holgado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Elena Ribe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Laura Thei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Laura Furlong
- GRIB, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miguel-Angel Mayer
- GRIB, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jie Quan
- Computational Sciences, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc. 1 Portland St, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.
| | - Jill C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area Unit, Glaxo Smith Kline R&D Ltd., Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK.
| | | | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
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