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Keurulainen L, Siiskonen A, Nasereddin A, Kopelyanskiy D, Sacerdoti-Sierra N, Leino TO, Tammela P, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Jaffe CL, Kiuru P. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylbenzimidazoles targeting Leishmania donovani. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1933-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Das S, Freier A, Boussoffara T, Das S, Oswald D, Losch FO, Selka M, Sacerdoti-Sierra N, Schönian G, Wiesmüller KH, Seifert K, Schroff M, Juhls C, Jaffe CL, Roy S, Das P, Louzir H, Croft SL, Modabber F, Walden P. Modular multiantigen T cell epitope-enriched DNA vaccine against human leishmaniasis. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:234ra56. [PMID: 24786324 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The leishmaniases are protozoal diseases that severely affect large populations in tropical and subtropical regions. There are only limited treatment options and preventative measures. Vaccines will be important for prevention, control and elimination of leishmaniasis, and could reduce the transmission and burden of disease in endemic populations. We report the development of a DNA vaccine against leishmaniasis that induced T cell-based immunity and is a candidate for clinical trials. The vaccine antigens were selected as conserved in various Leishmania species, different endemic regions, and over time. They were tested with T cells from individuals cured of leishmaniasis, and shown to be immunogenic and to induce CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in genetically diverse human populations of different endemic regions. The vaccine proved protective in a rodent model of infection. Thus, the immunogenicity of candidate vaccine antigens in human populations of endemic regions, as well as proof of principle for induction of specific immune responses and protection against Leishmania infection in mice, provides a viable strategy for T cell vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanabha Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
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Haavikko R, Nasereddin A, Sacerdoti-Sierra N, Kopelyanskiy D, Alakurtti S, Tikka M, Jaffe CL, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Heterocycle-fused lupane triterpenoids inhibit Leishmania donovani amastigotes. Med Chem Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of heterocyclic betulin derivatives and their activity against Leishmania donovani are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Haavikko
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abedelmajeed Nasereddin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
- IMRIC
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School
- Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Nina Sacerdoti-Sierra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
- IMRIC
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School
- Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dmitry Kopelyanskiy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
- IMRIC
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School
- Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | - Mari Tikka
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charles L. Jaffe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
- IMRIC
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School
- Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki, Finland
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Jorda R, Sacerdoti-Sierra N, Voller J, Havlíček L, Kráčalíková K, Nowicki MW, Nasereddin A, Kryštof V, Strnad M, Walkinshaw MD, Jaffe CL. Anti-leishmanial activity of disubstituted purines and related pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4233-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Alakurtti S, Bergström P, Sacerdoti-Sierra N, Jaffe CL, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Anti-leishmanial activity of betulin derivatives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 63:123-6. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reichwald C, Shimony O, Dunkel U, Sacerdoti-Sierra N, Jaffe CL, Kunick C. 2-(3-aryl-3-oxopropen-1-yl)-9-tert-butyl-paullones: a new antileishmanial chemotype. J Med Chem 2008; 51:659-65. [PMID: 18186603 DOI: 10.1021/jm7012166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A screening program directed to find new agents against Leishmania donovani, the parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis, revealed that paullones attenuate the proliferation of axenic amastigotes. Because these structures were not active in a test system involving infected macrophages, a structure optimization campaign was carried out. Concomitant introduction of an unsaturated side chain into the 2-position and a tert-butyl substituent into the 9-position of the parent scaffold led to compounds inhibiting also parasites dwelling in macrophages. By inclusion of the so elaborated scaffold into a chalcone substructure, the toxicity against uninfected host cells was significantly reduced. For the synthesis of this new compound class, a novel modification of the Heck-type palladium-catalyzed C,C-cross coupling strategy was used, employing a ketone Mannich base as precursor for the alkene reactant. The so-prepared compounds exhibited improved antileishmanial activity both on axenic amastigotes (GI50 < 1 microM) as well as on parasites in infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Reichwald
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstrasse 55, Braunschweig, Germany
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Abstract
During their life cycle Leishmania are exposed to environments that differ markedly in pH and temperature. The effect of these factors on protein kinase release into the surrounding environment by Leishmania donovani promastigotes was examined. Promastigotes release protein kinase activity both constitutively and following induction by incubation with an exogenous substrate, phosvitin. The substrate specificity of the constitutive and induced activities was similar, unlike that previously described for Leishmania major promastigotes. The Leishmania donovani enzymes phosphorylate phosvitin, but not casein, mixed histones or protamine sulphate, and both activities are shed over a wide pH range from 6 to 9. Transfer of promastigotes from pH 7.4/30 degrees C to pH 5.0-5.5/37 degrees C, conditions that mimic those encountered by parasites following transmission from sandflies to a mammalian host and uptake by macrophages, inhibited release of the constitutive activity. Identical conditions had only a minor effect on induced protein kinase release. Both types of protein kinase activities released at pH 7.4 were still active when assayed at pH 5.0. Characterisation of the constitutive and induced promastigote protein kinases showed that casein kinase 1- and casein kinase 2-like activities are released by Leishmania donovani. Constitutive enzyme release decreased over time, however, the addition of phosvitin to these "casein kinase-depleted" promastigotes induced elevated casein kinase 1 and casein kinase 2 shedding. These results suggest that shed protein kinase might play a role in parasite survival and adaptation to host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lita L Vieira
- Department of Parasitology, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Leishmania major promastigotes have externally oriented ecto-protein kinases (PK) that are capable of phosphorylating both endogenous membrane substrates and foreign proteins. Live parasites phosphorylate protamine sulfate, casein, and phosvitin but not bovine serum albumin. Addition of exogenous PK substrates, such as phosvitin or casein, induced the shedding of ecto-PK that are capable of phosphorylating protamine sulfate. No phosphorylation of protamine sulfate was seen when cell-free supernatants from promastigotes incubated with either buffer alone or bovine serum albumin were used. A second enzyme, a constitutively released PK that phosphorylates casein or phosvitin and not protamine sulfate or mixed histones, was identified and characterized. This PK is inhibited by 5 microM staurosporine, 50 microg/ml heparin, and 75 microM CKI-7, concentrations typical of the IC50 found for other eukaryotic casein kinases (CK). The constitutively shed ecto-PK specifically phosphorylated a peptide substrate for CK1 but not for CK2, suggesting that this shed PK is similar to CK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sacerdoti-Sierra
- Department of Parasitology, The Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, P. O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Ish-Shalom D, Christoffersen CT, Vorwerk P, Sacerdoti-Sierra N, Shymko RM, Naor D, De Meyts P. Mitogenic properties of insulin and insulin analogues mediated by the insulin receptor. Diabetologia 1997; 40 Suppl 2:S25-31. [PMID: 9248698 DOI: 10.1007/s001250051393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Insulin has traditionally been considered as a hormone essential for metabolic regulation, while the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) are postulated to be more specifically involved in growth regulation. The conventional wisdom is that they share each other's effects only at high concentrations, due to their weak affinity for the heterologous receptor. We discuss here the evidence that in the proper cellular context, insulin can be mitogenic at physiologic concentrations through its own receptor. We studied the insulin and IGF-I binding characteristics of a new model suitable for analysing insulin receptor mediated mitogenesis; that is, a T-cell lymphoma line that depends on insulin for growth, but is unresponsive to IGFs. The cells showed no specific binding of 125I-IGF-I and furthermore, no IGF-I receptor mRNA was detected by RNAse protection assay in the LB cells, in contrast with mouse brain and thymus. The cells bound at saturation about 3000 insulin molecules to receptors that had normal characteristics in terms of affinity, kinetics, pH dependence and negative co-operativity. A series of insulin analogues competed for 125I-insulin binding with relative potencies comparable to those observed in other insulin target cells. The full sequence of the insulin receptor cDNA was determined and found to be identical to the published sequence of the murine insulin receptor cDNA. The LB cell line is therefore an ideal model with which to investigate insulin mitogenic signalling without interference from the IGF-I receptor. Using this model, we have started approaching the molecular basis of insulin-induced mitogenesis, in particular the role of signalling kinetics in choosing between mitogenic and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ish-Shalom
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumour Immunology, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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