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Torkington J, Harries R, O'Connell S, Knight L, Islam S, Bashir N, Watkins A, Fegan G, Cornish J, Rees B, Cole H, Jarvis H, Jones S, Russell I, Bosanquet D, Cleves A, Sewell B, Farr A, Zbrzyzna N, Fiera N, Ellis-Owen R, Hilton Z, Parry C, Bradbury A, Wall P, Hill J, Winter D, Cocks K, Harris D, Hilton J, Vakis S, Hanratty D, Rajagopal R, Akbar F, Ben-Sassi A, Francis N, Jones L, Williamson M, Lindsey I, West R, Smart C, Ziprin P, Agarwal T, Faulkner G, Pinkney T, Vimalachandran D, Lawes D, Faiz O, Nisar P, Smart N, Wilson T, Myers A, Lund J, Smolarek S, Acheson A, Horwood J, Ansell J, Phillips S, Davies M, Davies L, Bird S, Palmer N, Williams M, Galanopoulos G, Rao PD, Jones D, Barnett R, Tate S, Wheat J, Patel N, Rahmani S, Toynton E, Smith L, Reeves N, Kealaher E, Williams G, Sekaran C, Evans M, Beynon J, Egan R, Qasem E, Khot U, Ather S, Mummigati P, Taylor G, Williamson J, Lim J, Powell A, Nageswaran H, Williams A, Padmanabhan J, Phillips K, Ford T, Edwards J, Varney N, Hicks L, Greenway C, Chesters K, Jones H, Blake P, Brown C, Roche L, Jones D, Feeney M, Shah P, Rutter C, McGrath C, Curtis N, Pippard L, Perry J, Allison J, Ockrim J, Dalton R, Allison A, Rendell J, Howard L, Beesley K, Dennison G, Burton J, Bowen G, Duberley S, Richards L, Giles J, Katebe J, Dalton S, Wood J, Courtney E, Hompes R, Poole A, Ward S, Wilkinson L, Hardstaff L, Bogden M, Al-Rashedy M, Fensom C, Lunt N, McCurrie M, Peacock R, Malik K, Burns H, Townley B, Hill P, Sadat M, Khan U, Wignall C, Murati D, Dhanaratne M, Quaid S, Gurram S, Smith D, Harris P, Pollard J, DiBenedetto G, Chadwick J, Hull R, Bach S, Morton D, Hollier K, Hardy V, Ghods M, Tyrrell D, Ashraf S, Glasbey J, Ashraf M, Garner S, Whitehouse A, Yeung D, Mohamed SN, Wilkin R, Suggett N, Lee C, Bagul A, McNeill C, Eardley N, Mahapatra R, Gabriel C, Datt P, Mahmud S, Daniels I, McDermott F, Nodolsk M, Park L, Scott H, Trickett J, Bearn P, Trivedi P, Frost V, Gray C, Croft M, Beral D, Osborne J, Pugh R, Herdman G, George R, Howell AM, Al-Shahaby S, Narendrakumar B, Mohsen Y, Ijaz S, Nasseri M, Herrod P, Brear T, Reilly JJ, Sohal A, Otieno C, Lai W, Coleman M, Platt E, Patrick A, Pitman C, Balasubramanya S, Dickson E, Warman R, Newton C, Tani S, Simpson J, Banerjee A, Siddika A, Campion D, Humes D, Randhawa N, Saunders J, Bharathan B, Hay O. Incisional hernia following colorectal cancer surgery according to suture technique: Hughes Abdominal Repair Randomized Trial (HART). Br J Surg 2022; 109:943-950. [PMID: 35979802 PMCID: PMC10364691 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incisional hernias cause morbidity and may require further surgery. HART (Hughes Abdominal Repair Trial) assessed the effect of an alternative suture method on the incidence of incisional hernia following colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS A pragmatic multicentre single-blind RCT allocated patients undergoing midline incision for colorectal cancer to either Hughes closure (double far-near-near-far sutures of 1 nylon suture at 2-cm intervals along the fascia combined with conventional mass closure) or the surgeon's standard closure. The primary outcome was the incidence of incisional hernia at 1 year assessed by clinical examination. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS Between August 2014 and February 2018, 802 patients were randomized to either Hughes closure (401) or the standard mass closure group (401). At 1 year after surgery, 672 patients (83.7 per cent) were included in the primary outcome analysis; 50 of 339 patients (14.8 per cent) in the Hughes group and 57 of 333 (17.1 per cent) in the standard closure group had incisional hernia (OR 0.84, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.27; P = 0.402). At 2 years, 78 patients (28.7 per cent) in the Hughes repair group and 84 (31.8 per cent) in the standard closure group had incisional hernia (OR 0.86, 0.59 to 1.25; P = 0.429). Adverse events were similar in the two groups, apart from the rate of surgical-site infection, which was higher in the Hughes group (13.2 versus 7.7 per cent; OR 1.82, 1.14 to 2.91; P = 0.011). CONCLUSION The incidence of incisional hernia after colorectal cancer surgery is high. There was no statistical difference in incidence between Hughes closure and mass closure at 1 or 2 years. REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN25616490 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
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Neumann K, Randhawa N, Park J, Hochman DJ. Cost Analysis of Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection vs. Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery for Rectal Neoplasms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1795-1802. [PMID: 34064717 PMCID: PMC8161775 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing application of transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for rectal lesions, the cost of the equipment may play a role in a hospital's hesitancy to invest in the platform. This study compares the cost of TEM to laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR). Patients who underwent laparoscopic LAR (n = 24) for rectal neoplasm between 2006 and 2014 were case-matched based on sex, age, comorbidities, lesion size and location to patients who underwent TEM at a busy secondary care urban hospital. Procedure-related costs and costs associated with readmissions for complications and related subsequent surgeries in the first 3 years were calculated. There were 42 hospital admissions for 24 LAR patients, totalling 326 hospital days. For 24 TEM patients, there were 25 hospital admissions, totalling 56 hospital days. Subsequent operations for LAR patients included 2 washout and diverting ileostomies (8%), 2 adhesionolysis (8%), 4 ventral hernia repairs (16%) and 11 ileostomy reversals (46%). In the TEM group, there was one operation for recurrence (4%). The mean cost of LAR, including all related hospital costs in the subsequent 3 years, was CAD 14,851 (95% CI: CAD 10,124-19,579). The mean cost of TEM was CAD 2449 (95% CI: CAD 2133-2767; p < 0.0001), with a savings of CAD 12,402 per patient. TEM for rectal neoplasm is associated with significantly lower hospital costs, which far outweigh the costs of acquiring and maintaining the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Neumann
- Division of General Surgery, Dalhousie University, 8-819 Victoria Building, VGH, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS B2H 2Y9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-902-473-3937
| | - Nirmal Randhawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada;
| | - Jason Park
- Division of General Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, 5th Floor—2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - David J. Hochman
- Division of General Surgery, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Clinic, 343 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A5, Canada;
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Tan BHL, Brammer K, Randhawa N, Welch NT, Parsons SL, James EJ, Catton JA. Sarcopenia is associated with toxicity in patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for oesophago-gastric cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014; 41:333-8. [PMID: 25498359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with potentially curative oesophago-gastric cancer typically undergo neo-adjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery. The majority of anti-cancer drugs have a narrow therapeutic index. The aim of this study was to determine if features of body composition, assessed using computed tomography (CT) scans, may be predictive of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for oesophago-gastric cancer. The influence of sarcopenia and DLT on overall survival was also evaluated. METHODS 89 Patients having potentially curative oesophago-gastric cancer surgery were studied. Patients studied had histologically confirmed oesophago-gastric cancer with no evidence of distant metastasis on pre-operative staging. CT scan was performed in all cases at diagnosis. DLT was defined as toxicity leading to postponement of treatment, a drug dose reduction or definitive interruption of drug administration. RESULTS DLT occurred in 37 out of 89 patients (41.6%) undergoing chemotherapy. Sarcopenia (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-7.09; p = 0.015) was associated with DLT on multivariate analysis. Median overall survival for patients who were sarcopenic was 569 days (IQ range: 357-1230 days) vs. 1013 days (IQ range: 496-1318 days) for patients who were not sarcopenic (p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in overall survival in patients who experienced DLT compared with those that did not (p = 0.665). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is a significant predictor of DLT in oesophago-gastric cancer patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. These results raise the potential for use of assessment of skeletal muscle mass using CT scans to predict toxicity and individualize chemotherapy dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H L Tan
- Department of Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
| | - K Brammer
- Department of Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - N Randhawa
- Department of Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - N T Welch
- Department of Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - S L Parsons
- Department of Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - E J James
- Department of Oncology, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - J A Catton
- Department of Surgery, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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Leong CO, Tan BS, Tiong KH, Muruhadas A, Randhawa N, Choo HL, Stevens MFG, Bradshaw TD. Abstract C75: CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 mediate 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (GW610, NSC 721648) sensitivity in breast and colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-c75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phortress, the lysylamide prodrug of 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F203, NSC 703786) is under clinical evaluation. CYP1A1-catalyzed bioactivation of 5F203 is crucial for antitumor activity. 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (GW610, NSC 721648) is a structurally related experimental antitumor agent. In order to understand the mechanism of action of GW610, we investigated roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 in mediating benzothiazoles activity. Stable isogenic breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468) and colorectal (HCC2998, KM12) cancer cell lines depleted for CYP1A1, CYP2S1 or CYP2W1 were generated. The sensitivity of these cells to 5F203 and GW610 was compared with vector control cells.
5F203 exhibited potent activity against breast cancer cells, whereas GW610 was effective against both breast and colorectal carcinoma cells.
CYP1A1 was induced in breast and colon cancer cells, whereas induction of CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 was observed in breast cancer cells only following treatment with 5F203 or GW610. Depletion of CYP1A1 abrogated 5F203 and GW610 activity; in contrast, CYP2S1 depletion enhanced sensitivity of breast and colon cancer cells to 5F203 and GW610. Intriguingly, CYP2W1 knockdown caused marked resistance to GW610 in HCC2998 (>7-fold) and KM12 (>90-fold) colorectal cancer cells only.
The results indicate that CYP2S1 is involved in deactivation of benzothiazoles, but CYP2W1, expressed in colorectal tumors and a putative therapeutic target, is important for bioactivation of GW610 in colorectal carcinoma cells.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Onn Leong
- 1International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Shing Tan
- 1International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Hung Tiong
- 1International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tan BS, Tiong KH, Muruhadas A, Randhawa N, Choo HL, Bradshaw TD, Stevens MFG, Leong CO. CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 mediate 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (GW-610, NSC 721648) sensitivity in breast and colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:1982-92. [PMID: 21831963 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F-203; NSC 703786) and 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (GW-610; NSC 721648) are antitumor agents with novel mechanism(s). Previous studies have indicated that cytochrome (CYP) P450 1A1 is crucial for 5F-203 activity. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of 2 newly identified CYP P450 enzymes, CYP2S1 and CYP2W1, in mediating antitumor activity of benzothiazole compounds. We generated isogenic breast cancer (MDA-MB-468, MCF-7) and colorectal cancer (CRC; KM12 and HCC2998) cell lines depleted for CYP1A1, CYP2S1, or CYP2W1. The sensitivity of these cells to 5F-203 and GW-610 was then compared with vector control cells. 5F-203 exhibited potent activity against breast cancer cells, whereas GW-610 was effective against both breast and colorectal cancer cells. CYP1A1 was induced in both breast cancer and CRC cells, while CYP2S1 and CYP2W1 were selectively induced in breast cancer cells only following treatment with 5F-203 or GW-610. Depletion of CYP1A1 abrogated the sensitivity of breast cancer and CRC cells to 5F-203 and GW-610. Although depletion of CYP2S1 sensitized both breast cancer and CRC cells toward 5F-203 and GW-610, CYP2W1 knockdown caused marked resistance to GW-610 in CRC cells. Our results indicate that CYP-P450 isoforms, with the exception of CYP1A1, play an important role in mediating benzothiazole activity. CYP2S1 appears to be involved in deactivation of benzothiazoles, whereas CYP2W1 is important for bioactivation of GW-610 in CRC cells. Because CYP2W1 is highly expressed in colorectal tumors, GW-610 represents a promising agent for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Shing Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, 126 Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Children, like adults, are required to fast before general anaesthesia with the aim of reducing the volume and acidity of their stomach contents. It is thought that fasting reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents during surgery. Recent developments have encouraged a shift from the standard 'nil-by-mouth-from-midnight' fasting policy to more relaxed regimens. Practice has been slow to change due to questions relating to the duration of a total fast, the type and amount of intake permitted. OBJECTIVES To systematically assess the effects of different fasting regimens (duration, type and volume of permitted intake) and the impact on perioperative complications and patient wellbeing (aspiration, regurgitation, related morbidity, thirst, hunger, pain, comfort, behaviour, nausea and vomiting) in children. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, the National Research Register, relevant conference proceedings and article reference lists and contacted experts. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi randomised controlled trials of preoperative fasting regimens for children were identified. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data extraction and trial quality assessment was conducted independently by two authors. Trial authors were contacted for additional information including adverse events. MAIN RESULTS Forty-three randomised controlled comparisons (from 23 trials) involving 2350 children considered to be at normal risk of regurgitation or aspiration during anaesthesia. Only one incidence of aspiration and regurgitation was reported. Children permitted fluids up to 120 minutes preoperatively were not found to experience higher gastric volumes or lower gastric pH values than those who fasted. The children permitted fluids were also less thirsty and hungry, better behaved and more comfortable than those who fasted. Clear fluids preoperatively did not result in a clinically important difference in the children's gastric volume or pH. Evidence relating to the preoperative intake of milk was sparse. The volume of fluid permitted during the preoperative period did not appear to impact on children's intraoperative gastric volume or pH contents. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that children who are not permitted oral fluids for more than six hours preoperatively benefit in terms of intraoperative gastric volume and pH over children permitted unlimited fluids up to two hours preoperatively. Children permitted fluids have a more comfortable preoperative experience in terms of thirst and hunger. This evidence applies only to children who are considered to be at normal risk of aspiration/regurgitation during anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brady
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, UK, G4 0BA.
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