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Yamane H, Hoshina M, Yokoshi N, Ishihara H. Mapping electric field components of superchiral field with photo-induced force. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044115. [PMID: 38284655 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) of materials, difference in absorbance of left- and right-circularly polarized light, is a standard measure of chirality. Detection of the chirality for individual molecules is a frontier in analytical chemistry and optical science. The usage of a superchiral electromagnetic field near metallic structure is one promising way because it boosts the molecular far-field CD signal. However, it is still elusive as to how such a field actually interacts with the molecules. The cause is that the distribution of the electric field vector is unclear in the vicinity of the metal surface. In particular, it is difficult to directly measure the localized field, e.g., using aperture-type scanning near-field optical microscope. Here, we calculate the three-dimensional (3D) electric field vector, including the longitudinal field, and reveal the whole figure of the near-field CD on a two-dimensional (2D) plane just above the metal surface. Moreover, we propose a method to measure the near-field CD of the whole superchiral field by photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM), where the optical force distribution is mapped in a scanning 2D plane. We numerically demonstrate that, although the presence of the metallic probe tip affects the 3D electric field distribution, the PiFM is sufficiently capable to evaluate the superchiral field. Unveiling the whole figure of near-field is significantly beneficial in obtaining rich information of single molecules with multiple orientations and in analyzing the boosted far-field CD signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Yamane
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 2-7-1, Ayumino, Izumi-city, Osaka 594-1157, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yokoshi
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishihara
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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2
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Yamamoto T, Yamane H, Yokoshi N, Oka H, Ishihara H, Sugawara Y. Optical Imaging of a Single Molecule with Subnanometer Resolution by Photoinduced Force Microscopy. ACS Nano 2024; 18:1724-1732. [PMID: 38157420 PMCID: PMC10795473 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Visualizing the optical response of individual molecules is a long-standing goal in catalysis, molecular nanotechnology, and biotechnology. The molecular response is dominated not only by the electronic states in their isolated environment but also by neighboring molecules and the substrate. Information about the transfer of energy and charge in real environments is essential for the design of the desired molecular functions. However, visualizing these factors with spatial resolution beyond the molecular scale has been challenging. Here, by combining photoinduced force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy, we have mapped the photoinduced force in a pentacene bilayer with a spatial resolution of 0.6 nm and observed its "multipole excitation". We identified the excitation as the result of energy and charge transfer between the molecules and to the Ag substrate. These findings can be achieved only by combining microscopy techniques to simultaneously visualize the optical response of the molecules and the charge transfer between the neighboring environments. Our approach and findings provide insights into designing molecular functions by considering the optical response at each step of layering molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Department
of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Yamane
- Department
of Physics, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
- Osaka
Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Izumi, Osaka 594-1157, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yokoshi
- Department
of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Metropolitan
University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hisaki Oka
- Department
of Physics, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishihara
- Department
of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka
University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sugawara
- Department
of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Yamane H, Yokoshi N, Ishihara H, Oka H. Enantioselective optical trapping of single chiral molecules in the superchiral field vicinity of metal nanostructures. Opt Express 2023; 31:13708-13723. [PMID: 37157253 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we theoretically analyzed the optical force acting on single chiral molecules in the plasmon field induced by metallic nanostructures. Using the extended discrete dipole approximation, we quantitatively examined the optical response of single chiral molecules in the localized plasmon by numerically analyzing the internal polarization structure of the molecules obtained from quantum chemical calculations, without phenomenological treatment. We evaluated the chiral gradient force due to the optical chirality gradient of the superchiral field near the metallic nanostructures for chiral molecules. Our calculation method can be used to evaluate the molecular-orientation dependence and rotational torque by considering the chiral spatial structure inside the molecules. We theoretically showed that the superchiral field induced by chiral plasmonic nanostructures can be used to selectively optically capture the enantiomers of a single chiral molecule.
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4
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Yamane H, Yokoshi N, Oka H, Sugawara Y, Ishihara H. Near-field circular dichroism of single molecules. Opt Express 2023; 31:3415-3426. [PMID: 36785335 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Near-field images of molecules provide information about their excited orbitals, giving rise to photonic and chemical functions. Such information is crucial to the elucidation of the full potential of molecules as components in functional materials and devices at the nanoscale. However, direct imaging inside single molecules with a complex structure in the near-field is still challenging because it requires in situ observation at a higher resolution than the molecular scale. Here, using a proven theoretical method that has demonstrated sub-nanoscale resolution based on photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) experiment [Nat. Commun.12, 3865 (2021)10.1038/s41467-021-24136-2], we propose an approach to obtaining the near-field imaging with spatial patterns of electronic transitions of single molecules. We use an extended discrete dipole approximation method that incorporates microscopic nonlocal optical response of molecules and demonstrate that PiFM can visualize circular-dichroism signal patterns at sub-nanometer scale for both optically allowed and forbidden transitions. The result will open the possibility for the direct observation of complex spatial patterns of electronic transitions in a single molecule, providing insight into the optical function of single molecules and helping realize new functional materials and devices.
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5
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Imada H, Imai-Imada M, Miwa K, Yamane H, Iwasa T, Tanaka Y, Toriumi N, Kimura K, Yokoshi N, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Taketsugu T, Kato YK, Ishihara H, Kim Y. Single-molecule laser nanospectroscopy with micro-electron volt energy resolution. Science 2021; 373:95-98. [PMID: 34210883 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg8790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ways to characterize and control excited states at the single-molecule and atomic levels are needed to exploit excitation-triggered energy-conversion processes. Here, we present a single-molecule spectroscopic method with micro-electron volt energy and submolecular-spatial resolution using laser driving of nanocavity plasmons to induce molecular luminescence in scanning tunneling microscopy. This tunable and monochromatic nanoprobe allows state-selective characterization of the energy levels and linewidths of individual electronic and vibrational quantum states of a single molecule. Moreover, we demonstrate that the energy levels of the states can be finely tuned by using the Stark effect and plasmon-exciton coupling in the tunneling junction. Our technique and findings open a route to the creation of designed energy-converting functions by using tuned energy levels of molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Imada
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Miyabi Imai-Imada
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Miwa
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Yamane
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toriumi
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kimura
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yokoshi
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuichiro K Kato
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yousoo Kim
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Yamanishi J, Yamane H, Naitoh Y, Li YJ, Yokoshi N, Kameyama T, Koyama S, Torimoto T, Ishihara H, Sugawara Y. Optical force mapping at the single-nanometre scale. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3865. [PMID: 34162845 PMCID: PMC8222358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) information of the optical response in the nanometre scale is important in the field of nanophotonics science. Using photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM), we can visualize the nano-scale optical field using the optical gradient force between the tip and sample. Here, we demonstrate 3D photoinduced force field visualization around a quantum dot in the single-nanometre spatial resolution with heterodyne frequency modulation technique, using which, the effect of the photothermal expansion of the tip and sample in the ultra-high vacuum condition can be avoided. The obtained 3D mapping shows the spatially localized photoinduced interaction potential and force field vectors in the single nano-scale for composite quantum dots with photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of PiFM imaging achieved is ~0.7 nm. The single-nanometer scale photoinduced field visualization is crucial for applications such as photo catalysts, optical functional devices, and optical manipulation. Direct visualisation of 3D vector distributions of photoinduced fields can shed light on the optical and mechanical behaviour of different materials. Here, the authors demonstrate such visualisation using photoinduced force microscopy by observing the optical gradient force at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsuke Yamanishi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Yamane
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Physics, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Naitoh
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yan Jun Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yokoshi
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kameyama
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiya Koyama
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Torimoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan. .,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Sugawara
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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7
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Yamane H, Yamanishi J, Yokoshi N, Sugawara Y, Ishihara H. Theoretical analysis of optically selective imaging in photoinduced force microscopy. Opt Express 2020; 28:34787-34803. [PMID: 33182939 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study on the measurement of photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) for composite molecular systems. Using discrete dipole approximation, we calculate the self-consistent response electric field of the entire system, including the PiFM tip, substrate, and composite molecules. We demonstrate a higher sensitivity for PiFM measurement on resonant molecules than the previously obtained tip-sample distance dependency, z-4, owing to multifold enhancement of the localized electric field induced at the tip-substrate nanogap and molecular polarization. The enhanced localized electric field in PiFM allows high-resolution observation of forbidden optical electronic transitions in dimer molecules. We investigate the wavelength dependence of PiFM for dimer molecules, obtaining images at incident light wavelengths corresponding to the allowed and forbidden transitions. We reveal that these PiFM images drastically change with the frequency-dependent spatial structures of the localized electric field vectors and resolve different types of nanoparticles beyond the resolution for the optically allowed transitions. This study demonstrates that PiFM yields multifaceted information based on microscopic interactions between nanomaterials and light.
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Hoshina M, Yokoshi N, Ishihara H. Nanoscale rotational optical manipulation. Opt Express 2020; 28:14980-14994. [PMID: 32403530 DOI: 10.1364/oe.393379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light has momentum, and hence, it can move small particles. The optical tweezer, invented by Ashkin et al. [Opt. Lett. 11, 288 (1986)] is a representative application. It traps and manipulates microparticles and has led to great successes in the biosciences. Currently, optical manipulation of "nano-objects" is attracting growing attention, and new techniques have been proposed and realized. For flexible manipulation, push-pull switching [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 087402 (2012)] and super-resolution trapping by using the electronic resonance of nano-objects have been proposed [ACS Photonics 5, 318 (2017)]. However, regarding the "rotational operation" of nano-objects, the full potential of optical manipulation remains unknown. This study proposes mechanisms to realize rotation and direction switching of nano-objects in macroscopic and nanoscopic areas. By controlling the balance between the dissipative force and the gradient force by using optical nonlinearity, the direction of the macroscopic rotational motion of nano-objects is switched. Further, conversion between the spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum by light scattering through localized surface plasmon resonance in metallic nano-complexes induces optical force for rotational motion in the nanoscale area. This study pieces out fundamental operations of the nanoscale optical manipulation of nanoparticles.
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Hata R, Yokoshi N, Ajiki H, Ishihara H. Up-conversion superfluorescence induced by abrupt truncation of coherent field and plasmonic nanocavity. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224307. [PMID: 31837676 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically propose a new method for generating up-converted coherent light from two-level systems (TLSs) coupled with a plasmonic nanocavity. The emission spectrum of a TLS excited by a strong laser exhibits a triplet structure called the Mollow triplet. If the lower Mollow sideband is tuned to the cavity mode energy, population inversion of a TLS occurs. When the driving laser is abruptly truncated under this condition, an up-converted photon is emitted from the TLSs. We also predict the up-converted superfluorescence from an ensemble of TLSs as a correlation effect among the excited states of the TLSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hata
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yokoshi
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ajiki
- Department of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
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10
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Abstract
We theoretically propose a unifying expression for synchronization dynamics between two-level constituents. Although synchronization phenomena require some substantial mediators, the distinct repercussions of their propagation delays remain obscure, especially in open systems. Our scheme directly incorporates the details of the constituents and mediators in an arbitrary environment. As one example, we demonstrate the synchronization dynamics of optical emitters on a dielectric microsphere. We reveal that the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) bridge the well-separated emitters and accelerate the synchronized fluorescence, known as superfluorescence. The emitters are found to overcome the significant and nonuniform retardation, and to build up their pronounced coherence by the WGMs, striking a balance between the roles of resonator and intermediary. Our work directly illustrates the dynamical aspects of many-body synchronizations and contributes to the exploration of research paradigms that consider designed open systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Yokoshi
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuki Odagiri
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Science for Advanced Materials, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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11
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Osaka Y, Yokoshi N, Nakatani M, Ishihara H. Enhanced up-conversion of entangled photons and quantum interference under a localized field in nanostructures. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:133601. [PMID: 24745414 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the up-conversion process of two entangled photons on a molecule, which is coupled by a cavity or nanoscale metallic structure. Within one-dimensional input-output theory, the propagators of the photons are derived analytically and the up-conversion probability is calculated numerically. It is shown that the coupling with the nanostructure clearly enhances the process. We also find that the enhancement becomes further pronounced for some balanced system parameters, such as the quantum correlation between photons, radiation decay, and coupling between the nanostructure and molecule. The nonmonotonic dependencies are reasonably explained in view of quantum interference between the coupled modes of the whole system. This result indicates that controlling quantum interference and correlation is crucial for few-photon nonlinearity, and provides a new guidance to wide variety of fields, e.g., quantum electronics and photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Osaka
- Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yokoshi
- Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakatani
- Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishihara
- Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Nakatani M, Nobuhiro A, Yokoshi N, Ishihara H. Model of the photoexcitation processes of a two-level molecule coherently coupled to an optical antenna. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8144-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp43834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Yokoshi N, Imamura H, Kosaka H. Electrical measurement of a two-electron spin state in a double quantum dot. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:046806. [PMID: 19659384 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.046806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for electrical measurement of two-electron spin states in a semiconductor double quantum dot. We calculated the adiabatic charge transfer when surface gates are modulated in time. Because of spin-orbit coupling in the semiconductor, spatial displacement of the electrons causes a total spin rotation. It follows that the expectation value of the transferred charge reflects the relative phase as well as the total spin population of a prepared singlet-triplet superposition state. The precise detection of the charge transfer serves to identify the quantum superposition.
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14
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Yunomae Y, Danshita I, Yamamoto D, Yokoshi N, Tsuchiya S. Current-induced instability of superfluid Fermi gases in optical lattices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/150/3/032128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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