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Khaw WF, Chan YM, Nasaruddin NH, Alias N, Tan L, Ganapathy SS. Malaysian burden of disease: years of life lost due to premature deaths. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1383. [PMID: 37464344 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Malaysia, the previous mortality burden has been a significant concern, particularly due to the high prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as the leading cause of death. Estimates of mortality are key indicators for monitoring population health and determining priorities in health policies and health planning. The aim of this study was to estimate the disease burden attributed to 113 major diseases and injuries in Malaysia in 2018 using years of life lost (YLL) method. METHODS This study included all deaths that occurred in Malaysia in 2018. The YLL was derived by adding the number of deaths from 113 specific diseases and multiplying it by the remaining life expectancy for that age and sex group. Data on life expectancy and mortality were collected from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. RESULTS In 2018, there were 3.5 million YLL in Malaysia. Group II (NCDs) caused 72.2% of total YLL. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of premature mortality among Malaysians (17.7%), followed by lower respiratory infections (9.7%), road traffic injuries (8.7%), cerebrovascular disease (stroke) (8.0%), and diabetes mellitus (3.9%). CONCLUSIONS NCDs are a significant health concern in Malaysia and are the primary contributor to the overall burden of disease. These results are important in guiding the national health systems on how to design and implement effective interventions for NCDs, as well as how to prioritise and allocate healthcare resources. Key strategies to consider include implementing health promotion campaigns, adopting integrated care models, and implementing policy and regulatory measures. These approaches aim to enhance health outcomes and the managements of NCDs in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Fei Khaw
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Mang Chan
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nazirah Alias
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - LeeAnn Tan
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Khaw WF, Nasaruddin NH, Alias N, Chan YM, Tan L, Cheong SM, Ganapathy SS, Mohd Yusoff MF, Yong HY. Socio-demographic factors and healthy lifestyle behaviours among Malaysian adults: National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16569. [PMID: 36195767 PMCID: PMC9532383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between socio-demographic factors and designated healthy lifestyle behaviours in a nationally-representative sample of Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above. Secondary data involving 7388 participants aged 18-96 years from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, a national cross-sectional survey, was used in this study. A healthy lifestyle score (0-5 points) was calculated based on five modifiable lifestyle factors: non-smoker, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, physically active, moderate (or less) alcohol intake, and daily consumption of ≥ 5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Associations between socio-demographic factors and healthy lifestyle behaviours were examined using multinomial logistic regression adjusted for sampling design. About 30.6% of the participants met at least four out of the five healthy lifestyle factors. In multinomial model, subjects who were female (aOR = 3.26, 95%CI = 2.58, 4.12), of Chinese (aOR = 2.31, 95%CI = 1.62, 3.30 or other ethnicity (aOR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05, 1.98), and aged 18-30 years (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.12, 2.71) showed significant association with achieving healthy lifestyle compared to male, Malay and ≥ 61 years old as reference categories. Our results indicated that gender, age and ethnicity associated with healthy lifestyle behaviours. Information on the influence of socio-demographic factors on the prevalence of healthy lifestyles will facilitate the development of effective intervention strategies to improve the adaptation of healthy lifestyle practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Fei Khaw
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Alias
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee Mang Chan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - LeeAnn Tan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Man Cheong
- Bentong Health Clinic, Bentong District Health Office, Ministy of Health Malaysia, Bentong, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heng Yaw Yong
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chan YM, Ganapathy SS, Tan L, Alias N, Nasaruddin NH, Khaw WF. The burden of premature mortality among older adults: a population-based study in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1181. [PMID: 35698118 PMCID: PMC9192249 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The populations of many countries—including Malaysia—are rapidly growing older, causing a shift in leading causes of disease and death. In such rapidly ageing populations, it is critical to monitor trends in burden of disease and health of older adults by identifying the leading causes of premature mortality and measuring years of life lost (YLL) to these. The objective of this study, therefore, is to describe the burden (quantified by YLL) associated with major causes of premature mortality among older adults in Malaysia in 2019. Methods All deaths that occurred in older adults aged 60 and above in Malaysia in the year 2019 were included in this study. YLL was calculated by summing the number of deaths for the disease category at 5-year age intervals, multiplied by the remaining life expectancy for the specific age and sex group. Both life expectancy and mortality data were obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. Results In 2019, older adults accounted for 67.4% of total deaths in Malaysia (117,102 out of 173,746). The total number of YLL among older adults in Malaysia in 2019 was estimated at 1.36 million YLL, accounting for 39.6% of the total YLL (3.44 million) lost to all premature deaths in that year. The major causes of premature mortality among older adults were ischaemic heart disease (29.5%) followed by cerebrovascular disease (stroke) (20.8%), lower respiratory infections (15.9%), diabetes mellitus (8.1%) and trachea, bronchus and lung cancers (5.0%). Conclusions Non-communicable diseases (NCD) remained the largest contributor to premature mortality among older adults in Malaysia. Implementation of population-level NCD health promotion programmes, screening programmes among high-risk groups and holistic intervention programmes among populations living with NCD are critical in reducing the overall burden of premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Mang Chan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B5&B6, Kompleks NIH, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40170, Malaysia.
| | - Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B5&B6, Kompleks NIH, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40170, Malaysia
| | - LeeAnn Tan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B5&B6, Kompleks NIH, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Alias
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B5&B6, Kompleks NIH, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B5&B6, Kompleks NIH, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40170, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Fei Khaw
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Blok B5&B6, Kompleks NIH, No 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, 40170, Malaysia
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Tan L, Ganapathy SS, Chan YM, Alias N, Nasaruddin NH, Khaw WF, Omar A. Estimating the COVID-19 mortality burden over two full years of the pandemic in Malaysia. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 22:100456. [PMID: 35493790 PMCID: PMC9042593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- LeeAnn Tan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Yee Mang Chan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Alias
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan-Fei Khaw
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azahadi Omar
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
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Awaluddin SM, Shahein NA, Che Abdul Rahim N, Mohd Zaki NA, Nasaruddin NH, Saminathan TA, Alias N, Ganapathy SS, Ahmad NA. Anemia among Men in Malaysia: A Population-Based Survey in 2019. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:10922. [PMID: 34682667 PMCID: PMC8535807 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and factors associated with anemia among men in Malaysia. The researchers used data from the 2019 National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS). The hemoglobin levels of men aged 15 years and above who gave their consent was measured using the HemoCue® Hb 201+ System©. The majority of them (87.2%) were men aged 15-59 years, referred to as the younger age group in this study. The prevalence of anemia among men was 12.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.9, 14.5). The prevalence was higher among older men (30.7%; 95% CI: 26.6, 35.1) than younger men (10.0%; 95% CI: 8.2, 12.2). Anemia among men was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 3.1; 95% CI: 2.1, 4.4) and those with diabetes (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.1) via a logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, older men were more affected by anemia than younger men in this study. Anemia among older men in Malaysia is at the level of moderate to severe public health significance. The likelihood of developing anemia is increased among older men with diabetes compared to older men without diabetes. These often-overlooked issues among men need to be detected and treated early in order to prevent complications and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maria Awaluddin
- Centre for Occupational Health Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Nik Adilah Shahein
- Centre for Family Health Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim
- Centre for Nutrition Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Azian Mohd Zaki
- Department of Dietetic & Food Service, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching 93586, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Hamizah Nasaruddin
- Centre for Burden of Disease Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.H.N.); (N.A.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Thamil Arasu Saminathan
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia;
| | - Nazirah Alias
- Centre for Burden of Disease Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.H.N.); (N.A.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Centre for Burden of Disease Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia; (N.H.N.); (N.A.); (S.S.G.)
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Director Office, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam 40170, Malaysia;
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Vikram Singh J, Mohamad Anuar MF, Baharudin A, Abdul Ghaffar S, Siew Man C, Palineveloo L, Mohd Sallehuddin S, Abd Aziz NS, Che Abdul Rahim N, Pardi M, Nasaruddin NH, Zainuddin AA. Nutritional and Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Status Association with Fall among Older Persons in Malaysia: Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) Malaysia 2018. IJPHR 2021; 11:1448-1454. [DOI: 10.17576/ijphr.1102.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
ntroduction Fall is a health problem for older persons. This study investigates the potential factors of concern: the nutritional status of the elderly and non-communicable disease association with incidents of falls. Methods and Materials This study used data from NHMS 2018, a cross-sectional design, applied two-stage stratified cluster sampling. Descriptive statistics such as the percentage of each variable were done. Factors associated with falls were determined at both univariate and multivariable levels using simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. The data were presented as standard values for each analysis and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI with p values (<0.05). Results A total of 3,867 from 3,977 elderly (mean age 68.2+ 6.85) were recruited with the response rate of 97.2%. Factors associated with fall were 70 years old and above (AOR= 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.64), obesity (AOR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.98), undernutrition (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.30, 1.94), persons with 2 NCDs (AOR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.92) and persons with 3 NCDs (AOR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.16). Discussion and Conclusion Advanced age, malnutrition, obesity, and having two or more NCD are associated with falls in the NHMS 2018 study. In conclusion, falls are prevalent among older persons. There is an urgent need for public health strategies to decrease the incidence and early identification of those at risk. Implementation of fall preventive programs can also significantly reduce falls among the elderly.
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