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Kim Y, Lee Y, Choo M, Yun N, Cho JW, Oh YJ. A surge of cytosolic calcium dysregulates lysosomal function and impairs autophagy flux during cupric chloride-induced neuronal death. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105479. [PMID: 37981210 PMCID: PMC10750191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative pathway that plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysfunction of autophagy is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although one of the typical features of brain aging is an accumulation of redox-active metals that eventually lead to neurodegeneration, a plausible link between trace metal-induced neurodegeneration and dysregulated autophagy has not been clearly determined. Here, we used a cupric chloride-induced neurodegeneration model in MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells along with ultrastructural and biochemical analyses to demonstrate impaired autophagic flux with accompanying lysosomal dysfunction. We found that a surge of cytosolic calcium was involved in cupric chloride-induced dysregulated autophagy. Consequently, buffering of cytosolic calcium by calbindin-D28K overexpression or co-treatment with the calcium chelator BAPTA attenuated the cupric chloride-induced impairment in autophagic flux by ameliorating dysregulation of lysosomal function. Thus, these events allowed the rescue of cells from cupric chloride-induced neuronal death. These phenomena were largely confirmed in cupric chloride-treated primary cultures of cortical neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that abnormal accumulation of trace metal elements and a resultant surge of cytosolic calcium leads to neuronal death by impairing autophagic flux at the lysosomal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjung Choo
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea; GNT Pharma Science Technology Center for Health, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea; Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea; GNT Pharma Science Technology Center for Health, Incheon, Korea.
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Kang J, Mun D, Chun Y, Park D, Kim H, Yun N, Joung B. Engineered small extracellular vesicle-mediated NOX4 siRNA delivery for targeted therapy of cardiac hypertrophy. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12371. [PMID: 37795828 PMCID: PMC10552075 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy is considered a powerful therapeutic strategy for treating cardiac hypertrophy, an important risk factor for subsequent cardiac morbidity and mortality. However, the lack of safe and efficient in vivo delivery of siRNAs is a major challenge for broadening its clinical applications. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are a promising delivery system for siRNAs but have limited cell/tissue-specific targeting ability. In this study, a new generation of heart-targeting sEVs (CEVs) has been developed by conjugating cardiac-targeting peptide (CTP) to human peripheral blood-derived sEVs (PB-EVs), using a simple, rapid and scalable method based on bio-orthogonal copper-free click chemistry. The experimental results show that CEVs have typical sEVs properties and excellent heart-targeting ability. Furthermore, to treat cardiac hypertrophy, CEVs are loaded with NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) siRNA (siNOX4). Consequently, CEVs@siNOX4 treatment enhances the in vitro anti-hypertrophic effects by CEVs with siRNA protection and heart-targeting ability. In addition, the intravenous injection of CEVs@siNOX4 into angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated mice significantly improves cardiac function and reduces fibrosis and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, with limited side effects. In conclusion, the utilization of CEVs represents an efficient strategy for heart-targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNAs and holds great promise for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeodaemun‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeodaemun‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yumin Chun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeodaemun‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Da‐Seul Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeodaemun‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeodaemun‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- GNTPharma Science and Technology Center for Health, Giheung‐guYongin‐siIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeodaemun‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 ProjectYonsei University College of MedicineSeodaemun‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Yoo YJ, Cho G, Kim D, Kim Y, Yun N, Oh YJ. Asymmetric dimethylation of AMPKα1 by PRMT6 contributes to the formation of phase-separated puncta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:92-100. [PMID: 37178510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase comprising α, β, and γ subunits. AMPK is involved in intracellular energy metabolism and functions as a switch that turns various biological pathways in eukaryotes on and off. Several post-translational modifications regulating AMPK function have been demonstrated, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination; however, arginine methylation has not been reported in AMPKα1. We investigated whether arginine methylation occurs in AMPKα1. Screening experiments revealed arginine methylation of AMPKα1 mediated by protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). In vitro methylation and co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that PRMT6 can directly interact with and methylate AMPKα1 without involvement of other intracellular components. In vitro methylation assays with truncated and point mutants of AMPKα1 revealed that Arg403 is the residue methylated by PRMT6. Immunocytochemical studies showed that the number of AMPKα1 puncta was enhanced in saponin-permeabilized cells when AMPKα1 was co-expressed with PRMT6, suggesting that PRMT6-mediated methylation of AMPKα1 at Arg403 alters the physiological characteristics of AMPKα1 and may lead to liquid-liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Giseong Cho
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dana Kim
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; GNTPharma Science and Technology Center for Health, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; GNTPharma Science and Technology Center for Health, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
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Mun D, Kang JY, Chun Y, Park DS, Kim H, Yun N, Lee SH, Joung B. Generation of two PITX2 knock-out human induced pluripotent stem cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Stem Cell Res 2022; 65:102940. [PMID: 36260954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PITX2 is a homeobox gene located in the human 4q25 locus and is commonly associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we generated two PITX2 knock-out human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. The edited iPSCs maintained fullpluripotency, normal karyotype and spontaneousdifferentiation capability. This cell line provides a suitable model for investigating the physiopathologyof PITX2 mutation in atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Yumin Chun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Da-Seul Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Yun N, Naqib A, Borgia J, Fidler M. EP08.02-119 RNA Sequencing to Characterize Pathways in EGFR-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kang JY, Mun D, Chun Y, Park DS, Kim H, Yun N, Lee SH, Joung B. Generation of three TTN knock-out human induced pluripotent stem cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Stem Cell Res 2022; 64:102901. [PMID: 36037555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TTN mutations are the common genetic cause for various types of cardiomyopathies (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy) and skeletal myopathies. Here, we generated three TTN knock-out human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines using CRISPR/Cas9 system. These cell lines, which exhibit normal karyotype, typical morphology and pluripotency, could provide useful platform for investigating the role of TTN in associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Yumin Chun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Da-Seul Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Kang JY, Mun D, Chun Y, Kim H, Yun N, Lee SH, Joung B. Generation of a heterozygous TPM1-E192K knock-in human induced pluripotent stem cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Stem Cell Res 2022; 63:102878. [PMID: 35917600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
E192K missense mutation of TPM1 has been found in different types of cardiomyopathies (e.g., hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular non-compaction), leading to systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and/or tachyarrhythmias. Here, we generated a heterozygous TPM1-E192K knock-in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system. The cells exhibit normal karyotype, typical stem cell morphology, expression of pluripotency markers and differentiation ability into three germ layers. Accordingly, this cell line could provide a useful cell resource for exploring the pathogenic role of TPM1-E192K mutation in different types of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Yumin Chun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Kang JY, Mun D, Kim H, Yun N, Joung B. Serum exosomal long non-coding RNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:1450-1458. [PMID: 35660473 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known as ideal diagnostic biomarkers of various diseases. However, there are no reports on the use of serum exosomal lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for atrial fibrillation (AF). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore serum exosomal lncRNAs as a useful tool for diagnosing AF. METHODS First, serum exosomes from patients with persistent AF and controls were isolated using a polymer-based exosome precipitation kit. Next, we conducted a multi-phase process including screening and two independent validation phases. In the screening phase, serum exosomal lncRNA expression profiles were examined using RNA-sequencing analysis. In two validation phases, we evaluated the expression levels of candidate exosomal lncRNAs using qRT-PCR. Finally, we performed different statistical and functional analyses. RESULTS After the screening phase, we identified 26 differentially expressed lncRNAs (i.e., 15 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated lncRNAs with a |fold change| ≥ 2 and p < 0.05) in serum exosomes from patients with persistent AF compared with the controls. We then screened out six exosomal lncRNAs as biomarker candidates following parameters: read length ≥ 200 nucleotides; exon number ≥ 2; and coding potential score < 0.1. In two validation phases, exosomal lncRNAs LOC105377989 and LOC107986997 were consistently up-regulated in serum of patients with persistent AF, compared with the controls (p < 0.0001). Moreover, both exosomal lncRNAs exhibited significant diagnostic validity for AF. Notably, exosomal lncRNA LOC107986997 was involved in AF-related pathophysiological mechanisms. CONCLUSION Serum-derived exosomal lncRNA LOC107986997 could serve as a potential biomarker for AF diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Head L, Yun N, Basu S, Rynar L, Feldman J, Batus M, Bonomi P, Jelinek M, Fidler M. OA10.02 Psychosocial Distress in Patients with Driver-Mutant Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim H, Mun D, Kang JY, Lee SH, Yun N, Joung B. Improved cardiac-specific delivery of RAGE siRNA within small extracellular vesicles engineered to express intense cardiac targeting peptide attenuates myocarditis. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2021; 24:1024-1032. [PMID: 34141457 PMCID: PMC8167198 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are nanometer-sized membranous vesicles secreted by cells, with important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Recent research has established the application of sEVs as therapeutic vehicles in various conditions, including heart disease. However, the high risk of off-target effects is a major barrier for their introduction into the clinic. This study evaluated the use of modified sEVs expressing high levels of cardiac-targeting peptide (CTP) for therapeutic small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery in myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of heart. sEVs were extracted from the cell culture medium of HEK293 cells stably expressing CTP-LAMP2b (referred to as C-sEVs). The cardiac targeting ability of C-sEVs with the highest CTP-LAMP2b expression was >2-fold greater than that of normal sEVs (N-sEVs). An siRNA targeting the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) (siRAGE) was selected as a therapeutic siRNA and loaded into C-sEVs. The efficiency of cardiac-specific siRNA delivery via C-sEVs was >2-fold higher than that via N-sEVs. Furthermore, siRAGE-loaded C-sEVs attenuated inflammation in both cell culture and an in vivo model of myocarditis. Taken together, C-sEVs may be a useful drug delivery vehicle for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Chung Y, Kim Y, Yun N, Oh YJ. Dysregulated autophagy is linked to BAX oligomerization and subsequent cytochrome c release in 6-hydroxydopmaine-treated neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:20-26. [PMID: 33631669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are essential physiological pathways that are required to maintain cellular homeostasis. Therefore, it is suggested that dysregulation in both pathways is linked to several disease states. Moreover, the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis plays an important role in pathophysiological processes associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously reported that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces dysregulated autophagy, and that a dysregulated autophagic flux contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Based on our previous findings, we specifically aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential role of dysregulated autophagy in apoptotic neurodegeneration. The disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) cross-linking assay and immunological analyses indicated that exposure of several types of cells to 6-OHDA resulted in BAX activation and subsequent oligomerization. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic perturbation of autophagy prevented 6-OHDA-induced BAX oligomerization and subsequent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and caspase activation. These events were independent of expression levels of XIAP. Taken together, our results suggest that BAX oligomerization comprises a critical step by which 6-OHDA-induced dysregulated autophagy mediates neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Wang DY, Wang P, Xie N, Yun N, Liu ZR, Wei ZT. [ In vitro study of non-thermal atmospheric plasma influencing the surface properties of dentin]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 56:182-189. [PMID: 33557503 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20200410-00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the influence of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) on dentine surface temperature, wettability and morphology of collagen fibrils under different treatment condition. Methods: Helium was used as the operating gas at the flow rate of 3, 4, 5 L/min respectively. The plasma jet was operated at various input power of 8, 9, 10, 11 W. Thermal accumulation on human dentine surface (6 specimens per group, acquired from Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University and Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University) of each group was measured continuously at 5 s intervals for 60 s by infrared thermography. Mean values were calculated and temperature curves were drawn. Dentine surface contact angles were measured after NTAPP treatment for 5, 10, 15, 20 s with gas flow rate and input power described above. The micro structure of the collagen fibrils of the negative control group (without NTAPP treatment) and NTAPP treatment groups (5 L/min gas flow rate, input power of 8, 9, 10, 11 W and treating time for 5, 10, 15, 20 s) was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). All data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. Results: Input power, gas flow and treatment time all showed significant influences on dentine surface temperature and wettability (P<0.01). Dentine temperature rose along with time. The greater input power was, the higher dentine temperature was. The greater gas flow rate was, the faster the temperature rose. Dentine surface temperature reached the highest point of (35.10±0.24) ℃ with NTAPP treatment for 60 s, at input power of 11 W and flow rate of 5 L/min. The contact angles of each experimental group decreased with time, and significant differences were found in the contact angles between the experimental groups and the negative control group (75.57°±1.45°). The contact angles showed a decreasing trend as the input power and the gas flow rate increased. The contact angles reached the lowest point of 13.19°±2.01° with NTAPP treatment for 20 s, at input power of 10 W and flow rate of 5 L/min. The FE-SEM results showed that, along with the increase of input power and extension of time, the demineralized collagen fibrils were destroyed in varying degrees. The collagen fibrils were curled, fractured, fused, and even disappeared. Conclusions: NTAPP could significantly increase the surface temperature, modify dentine wettability and alter the micro structure, which was significantly influenced by input power, gas flow rate and treating time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - P Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - N Xie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - N Yun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Z R Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Z T Wei
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
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Kang JY, Kim H, Mun D, Yun N, Joung B. Co-delivery of curcumin and miRNA-144-3p using heart-targeted extracellular vesicles enhances the therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2021; 331:62-73. [PMID: 33460670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin exerts therapeutic effects in heart disease, but has limited bioavailability. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention as nanovehicles; however, the poor targeting ability of systemically administered EVs still remains a crucial issue. Herein, we generated heart-targeted EVs (CTP-EVs) by functionalizing EVs surface with cardiac targeting peptide (CTP) using genetic modification of EVs-secreting cells, and further loaded curcumin into CTP-EVs (CTP-EVs-Cur). Consequently, CTP-EVs were able to specifically deliver curcumin to the heart. In addition, curcumin-loaded CTP-EVs possess improved bioavailability, and are fully functional with a high cardioprotective efficiency. Moreover, we loaded miR-144-3p in CTP-EVs-Cur following validation of miR-144-3p as a major contributor in curcumin-mediated therapeutic effects. The simultaneous packing of curcumin and miR-144-3p in CTP-EVs not only retains the active heart-targeting ability but also achieves enhanced cardioprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo, indicating the possibility of combining and sustaining their therapeutic potential by simultaneously loading in CTP-EVs. Therefore, CTP-EVs could be a potential and effective strategy for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, thereby providing a promising nanomedicine for MI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Kim H, Mun D, Kang J, Yun N, Joung B. Intense cardiac-targeted small extracellular vesicles-mediated delivery of RAGE siRNA attenuates inflammation in rat myocarditis model. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite advances in the field and new therapeutics being developed, heart disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are 30–150 nm in diameter and ferry RNA and proteins to cells. sEV are a natural carrier of many signaling molecules and play an important role in heart disease. However, the high probability of off-target effects associated with these carriers is a major barrier to translation into clinical application.
Purpose
Our aim was to evaluate whether sEVs engineered to express potent cardiac targeting peptides (CTPs) could deliver siRNA to the heart and exert a therapeutic effect.
Methods
We use vectors encoding LAMP2B (sEV) or CTP-LAMP2B (PsEV) into HEK 293 cells expressing. sEVs were purified from culture media of HEK 293 cells by serial centrifugation followed by tangential flow filtration (TFF) system. sEV and PsEV were loaded with siRNAs by Exo-Fect™ exosome transfection reagent, and were treated into H9C2 rat cardiomyocyte. TNF-alpha were then added to the cells to induce inflammation. And sEVs were intravenously injected into myocarditis rat. Inflammation factors of in vitro and in vivo inflammation model were identified by western blot. Echocardiographic examination was also performed in rat.
Results
The successful development of PsEVs was analyzed by Western blot and TEM. We observed a 4 fold increase from that of the previously developed sEVs in H9C2 cells and a 200% increase in cardiac-specific delivery without toxicity in rat model. AGE is involved in proinflammatory/pro-apoptotic processes. To block RAGE, we loaded RAGE siRNA (siRAGE) in sEV that had high expression of PsEV. Characteristics of sEVs were maintained despite siRNA load.In inflammatory cell models and rat disease models, PsEV-treated groups significantly reduced molecular levels associated with inflammatory responses such as RAGE, IL-6, TNF-alpha, COX2, HMGB1, and p-p65 / p65.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that PsEV can potentially serve as a treatment delivery vehicle for heart disease.
Scheme
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - D Mun
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Kang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - N Yun
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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15
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Ko YU, Song HY, Kim WK, Yune TY, Yun N, Oh YJ. Calpain-mediated cleavage of Fbxw7 during excitotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135265. [PMID: 32707070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death induced by ischemic injury has been attributed to glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, which is known to be accompanied by Ca2+ overload in the cytoplasm with concomitant activation of calcium-dependent mechanisms. More specifically, the overactivation of calpains, calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, have been associated with neuronal cell death following glutamate treatment. Previously, we observed decreased expression levels of F-box/WD repeat domain-containing protein 7 (Fbxw7) after the hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in cortical neurons challenged with glutamate. As determined using in vitro calpain cleavage assays, we demonstrated that the cleavage of Fbxw7 was mediated by activated calpain and attenuated in the presence of the calpain inhibitor, calpeptin. Using the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we confirmed that Fbxw7 was indeed cleaved by activated calpain in the ipsilateral cortex. Based on our data, we hypothesize that the negative regulation of Fbxw7 by calpain may contribute to neuronal cell death and that the preservation of Fbxw7 by the inhibition of calpain, Cdk5, or both composes a novel protective mechanism following excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Uk Ko
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hwa Young Song
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Yune
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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16
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Park KA, Yun N, Oh YJ. Anamorsin attenuates cupric chloride-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:99-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Kim D, Oh YJ, Yun N. The strategy of screening novel substrates for hyper-activated Cdk5 by LC-MS/MS. IBRO Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Exosomes might have an unimproved potential to serve as effective delivery vehicles. However, when exosomes are developed for therapeutic applications, a method to enhance their delivery is important. This study aimed to evaluate wheather calcium chloride (CaCl2) or other chloride compounds could enhance exosome delivery to various cells without causing toxicity. Exosomes were purified from human serum by using the ExoQuick exosome precipitation kit. Isolated exosomes were mixed with CaCl2 at concentrations ranging from 100 μM to 1 mM, and then washed using Amicon filter for treating the cells. The delivery efficiency of exosomes and the viability of the cells [HEK 293 (human kidney cells) and H9C2 (rat cardiomyocytes)] were evaluated. Cellular uptake of exosomes was observed using a confocal microscope based on PKH26 labeling of exosomes. CaCl2 increased the delivery of exosomes in a dose- and treatment time-dependent manner. In HEK 293 cells, a CaCl2 concentration of 400 μM and exposure time of 12 h increased the delivery of exosomes by >20 times compared with controls. In H9C2 cells, a CaCl2 concentration of 400 μM and exposure time of >24 h increased the delivery of exosomes by >400 times compared with controls. The viability of both cell lines was maintained up to a CaCl2 concentration of 1 mM. However, cobalt chloride, cupric chloride, and magnesium chloride did not change the delivery of exosomes in both cell lines. These results suggest that the use of CaCl2 treatment might be a useful method for enhancing the delivery of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (BYJ); (NRY)
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (BYJ); (NRY)
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Kang JY, Park H, Kim H, Mun D, Park H, Yun N, Joung B. [Corrigendum] Human peripheral blood‑derived exosomes for microRNA delivery. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:358. [PMID: 31115503 PMCID: PMC6559309 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes serve important functions in cell‑to‑cell communication and biological functions by serving as a delivery cargo shuttle for various molecules. The application of an improved delivery method for microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may enhance their potential as a therapeutic tool in cardiac diseases. Thus, the present study investigated whether human peripheral blood‑derived exosomes may be used as a delivery cargo system for miRNAs, and whether the delivery of miR‑21 using a human peripheral blood derived‑exosome may influence the degree of remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). In H9C2 and HL‑1 cells, miR‑21 expression was successfully regulated by treatment with human peripheral blood derived‑exosomes loaded with an miR‑21 mimic or inhibitor compared with untreated cells. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of SMAD family member 7 (Smad7), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), which are involved in cardiac fibrosis, were associated with the uptake of miR‑21 mimic‑ or inhibitor‑loaded exosomes. Similarly, the in vivo mRNA and protein expression of Smad7, PTEN and MMP2 were altered following treatment with miR‑21 mimic‑ or inhibitor‑loaded exosomes. Furthermore, miR‑21 mimic‑loaded exosomes enhanced fibrosis, whereas miR‑21 inhibitor‑loaded exosomes reduced fibrosis in a mouse MI model. These results suggested that miRNA‑loaded human peripheral blood derived‑exosomes may be used as a therapeutic tool for cardiac diseases. [the original article was published in International Journal of Molecular Medicine 43: 2319‑2328, 2019; DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2019.4150].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelim Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kang JY, Park H, Kim H, Mun D, Park H, Yun N, Joung B. Human peripheral blood‑derived exosomes for microRNA delivery. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2319-2328. [PMID: 30942393 PMCID: PMC6488179 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes serve important functions in cell-to-cell communication and biological functions by serving as a delivery cargo shuttle for various molecules. The application of an improved delivery method for microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may enhance their potential as a therapeutic tool in cardiac diseases. Thus, the present study investigated whether human peripheral blood-derived exosomes may be used as a delivery cargo system for miRNAs, and whether the delivery of miR-21 using a human peripheral blood derived-exosome may influence the degree of remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). In H9C2 and HL-1 cells, miR-21 expression was successfully regulated by treatment with human peripheral blood derived-exosomes loaded with an miR-21 mimic or inhibitor compared with untreated cells. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression levels of SMAD family member 7 (Smad7), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), which are involved in cardiac fibrosis, were associated with the uptake of miR-21 mimic- or inhibitor-loaded exosomes. Similarly, the in vivo mRNA and protein expression of Smad7, PTEN and MMP2 were altered following treatment with miR-21 mimic- or inhibitor-loaded exosomes. Furthermore, miR-21 mimic-loaded exosomes enhanced fibrosis, whereas miR-21 inhibitor-loaded exosomes reduced fibrosis in a mouse MI model. These results suggested that miRNA-loaded human peripheral blood derived-exosomes may be used as a therapeutic tool for cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelim Park
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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21
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Mun D, Kim H, Kang J, Park H, Park H, Lee S, Yun N, Joung B. Expression of miRNAs in circulating exosomes derived from patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. FASEB J 2019; 33:5979-5989. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801758r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Mun
- Division of CardiologyYonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Division of CardiologyYonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Kang
- Division of CardiologyYonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyelim Park
- Division of CardiologyYonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Division of CardiologyYonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Seung‐Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyYonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Institute of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of CardiologyYonsei University College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
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22
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Cui S, Park H, Park H, Mun D, Lee SH, Kim H, Yun N, Kim H, Kim M, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B. The Role of Serotonin in Ventricular Repolarization in Pregnant Mice. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:279-286. [PMID: 29436197 PMCID: PMC5823831 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.2.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanisms underlying repolarization abnormalities during pregnancy are not fully understood. Although maternal serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) production is an important determinant for normal fetal development in mice, its role in mothers remains unclear. We evaluated the role of serotonin in ventricular repolarization in mice hearts via 5Htr3 receptor (Htr3a) and investigated the mechanism of QT-prolongation during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured current amplitudes and the expression levels of voltage-gated K⁺ (Kv) channels in freshly-isolated left ventricular myocytes from wild-type non-pregnant (WT-NP), late-pregnant (WT-LP), and non-pregnant Htr3a homozygous knockout mice (Htr3a(-/-)-NP). RESULTS During pregnancy, serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase 1, a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of serotonin, were markedly increased in hearts and serum. Serotonin increased Kv current densities concomitant with the shortening of the QT interval in WT-NP mice, but not in WT-LP and Htr3a(-/-)-NP mice. Ondansetron, an Htr3 antagonist, decreased Kv currents in WT-LP mice, but not in WT-NP mice. Kv4.3 directly interacted with Htr3a, and this binding was facilitated by serotonin. Serotonin increased the trafficking of Kv4.3 channels to the cellular membrane in WT-NP. CONCLUSION Serotonin increases repolarizing currents by augmenting Kv currents. Elevated serotonin levels during pregnancy counterbalance pregnancy-related QT prolongation by facilitating Htr3-mediated Kv currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyelim Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dasom Mun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoeun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hui Nam Pak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Hyoung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Cui S, Park H, Park H, Mun D, Kim HE, Yun N, Joung B. Ondansetron Inhibits Voltage-Gated K+ Current of Ventricular Myocytes from Pregnant Mouse. Int J Arrhythm 2017. [DOI: 10.18501/arrhythmia.2017.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Kim C, Yun N, Lee J, Youdim MBH, Ju C, Kim WK, Han PL, Oh YJ. Phosphorylation of CHIP at Ser20 by Cdk5 promotes tAIF-mediated neuronal death. Cell Death Differ 2015. [PMID: 26206088 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase and its dysregulation is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Likewise, C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) is linked to neurological disorders, serving as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for targeting damaged or toxic proteins for proteasomal degradation. Here, we demonstrate that CHIP is a novel substrate for Cdk5. Cdk5 phosphorylates CHIP at Ser20 via direct binding to a highly charged domain of CHIP. Co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays reveal that Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation disrupts the interaction between CHIP and truncated apoptosis-inducing factor (tAIF) without affecting CHIP's E3 ligase activity, resulting in the inhibition of CHIP-mediated degradation of tAIF. Lentiviral transduction assay shows that knockdown of Cdk5 or overexpression of CHIP(S20A), but not CHIP(WT), attenuates tAIF-mediated neuronal cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Thus, we conclude that Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of CHIP negatively regulates its neuroprotective function, thereby contributing to neuronal cell death progression following neurotoxic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - N Yun
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - M B H Youdim
- Technion Rapport Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf and NPF Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Haifa, Haifa 30196, Israel
| | - C Ju
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - W-K Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - P-L Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Y J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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25
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Yun N, Lee YM, Kim C, Shibayama H, Tanimura A, Hamanaka Y, Kanakura Y, Park IS, Jo A, Shin JH, Ju C, Kim WK, Oh YJ. Anamorsin, a novel caspase-3 substrate in neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22183-95. [PMID: 24973211 PMCID: PMC4139231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.552679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated caspases play a central role in the execution of apoptosis by cleaving endogenous substrates. Here, we developed a high throughput screening method to identify novel substrates for caspase-3 in a neuronal cell line. Critical steps in our strategy consist of two-dimensional electrophoresis-based protein separation and in vitro caspase-3 incubation of immobilized proteins to sort out direct substrates. Among 46 putative substrates identified in MN9D neuronal cells, we further evaluated whether caspase-3-mediated cleavage of anamorsin, a recently recognized cell death-defying factor in hematopoiesis, is a general feature of apoptosis. In vitro and cell-based cleavage assays indicated that anamorsin was specifically cleaved by caspase-3 but not by other caspases, generating 25- and 10-kDa fragments. Thus, in apoptosis of neuronal and non-neuronal cells induced by various stimuli including staurosporine, etoposide, or 6-hydroxydopamine, the cleavage of anamorsin was found to be blocked in the presence of caspase inhibitor. Among four tetrapeptide consensus DXXD motifs existing in anamorsin, we mapped a specific cleavage site for caspase-3 at DSVD(209)↓L. Intriguingly, the 25-kDa cleaved fragment of anamorsin was also detected in post-mortem brains of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease patients. Although the RNA interference-mediated knockdown of anamorsin rendered neuronal cells more vulnerable to staurosporine treatment, reintroduction of full-length anamorsin into an anamorsin knock-out stromal cell line made cells resistant to staurosporine-induced caspase activation, indicating the antiapoptotic function of anamorsin. Taken together, our approach seems to be effective to identify novel substrates for caspases and has the potential to provide meaningful insights into newly identified substrates involved in neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Yun
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Mook Lee
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Chiho Kim
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Tanimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuri Hamanaka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Il-Seon Park
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Areum Jo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and
| | - Joo-Ho Shin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and
| | - Chung Ju
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea,
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Lee J, Yun N, Kim C, Song MY, Park KS, Oh YJ. Acetylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is mediated by GCN5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:121-7. [PMID: 24704205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a member of atypical serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinase family, plays a crucial role in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Its kinase activity and substrate specificity are regulated by several independent pathways including binding with its activator, phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation. In the present study, we report that acetylation of CDK5 comprises an additional posttranslational modification within the cells. Among many candidates, we confirmed that its acetylation is enhanced by GCN5, a member of the GCN5-related N-acetyl-transferase family of histone acetyltransferase. Co-immunoprecipitation assay and fluorescent localization study indicated that GCN5 physically interacts with CDK5 and they are co-localized at the specific nuclear foci. Furthermore, liquid chromatography in conjunction with a mass spectrometry indicated that CDK5 is acetylated at Lys33 residue of ATP binding domain. Considering this lysine site is conserved among a wide range of species and other related cyclin-dependent kinases, therefore, we speculate that acetylation may alter the kinase activity of CDK5 via affecting efficacy of ATP coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyung Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiho Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Young Song
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Sik Park
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Kim C, Yun N, Lee YM, Jeong JY, Baek JY, Song HY, Ju C, Youdim MBH, Jin BK, Kim WK, Oh YJ. Gel-based protease proteomics for identifying the novel calpain substrates in dopaminergic neuronal cell. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36717-32. [PMID: 24235151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.492876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that are ubiquitously expressed in mammals and play critical roles in neuronal death by catalyzing substrate proteolysis. Here, we developed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based protease proteomics to identify putative calpain substrates. To accomplish this, cellular lysates from neuronal cells were first separated by pI, and the immobilized sample on a gel strip was incubated with a recombinant calpain and separated by molecular weight. Among 25 altered protein spots that were differentially expressed by at least 2-fold, we confirmed that arsenical pump-driving ATPase, optineurin, and peripherin were cleaved by calpain using in vitro and in vivo cleavage assays. Furthermore, we found that all of these substrates were cleaved in MN9D cells treated with either ionomycin or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, both of which cause a calcium-mediated calpain activation. Their cleavage was blocked by calcium chelator or calpain inhibitors. In addition, calpain-mediated cleavage of these substrates and its inhibition by calpeptin were confirmed in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of cerebral ischemia, as well as a stereotaxic brain injection model of Parkinson disease. Transient overexpression of each protein was shown to attenuate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced cell death, indicating that these substrates may confer protection of varying magnitudes against dopaminergic injury. Taken together, the data indicate that our protease proteomic method has the potential to be applicable for identifying proteolytic substrates affected by diverse proteases. Moreover, the results described here will help us decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of neurodegenerative disorders where protease activation is critically involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kim
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Park KA, Yun N, Shin DI, Choi SY, Kim H, Kim WK, Kanakura Y, Shibayama H, Oh YJ. Nuclear translocation of anamorsin during drug-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in culture and in rat brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:433-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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