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Bernal PN, Bouwmeester M, Madrid-Wolff J, Falandt M, Florczak S, Rodriguez NG, Li Y, Größbacher G, Samsom RA, van Wolferen M, van der Laan LJW, Delrot P, Loterie D, Malda J, Moser C, Spee B, Levato R. Volumetric Bioprinting of Organoids and Optically Tuned Hydrogels to Build Liver-Like Metabolic Biofactories. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2110054. [PMID: 35166410 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organ- and tissue-level biological functions are intimately linked to microscale cell-cell interactions and to the overarching tissue architecture. Together, biofabrication and organoid technologies offer the unique potential to engineer multi-scale living constructs, with cellular microenvironments formed by stem cell self-assembled structures embedded in customizable bioprinted geometries. This study introduces the volumetric bioprinting of complex organoid-laden constructs, which capture key functions of the human liver. Volumetric bioprinting via optical tomography shapes organoid-laden gelatin hydrogels into complex centimeter-scale 3D structures in under 20 s. Optically tuned bioresins enable refractive index matching of specific intracellular structures, countering the disruptive impact of cell-mediated light scattering on printing resolution. This layerless, nozzle-free technique poses no harmful mechanical stresses on organoids, resulting in superior viability and morphology preservation post-printing. Bioprinted organoids undergo hepatocytic differentiation showing albumin synthesis, liver-specific enzyme activity, and remarkably acquired native-like polarization. Organoids embedded within low stiffness gelatins (<2 kPa) are bioprinted into mathematically defined lattices with varying degrees of pore network tortuosity, and cultured under perfusion. These structures act as metabolic biofactories in which liver-specific ammonia detoxification can be enhanced by the architectural profile of the constructs. This technology opens up new possibilities for regenerative medicine and personalized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nuñez Bernal
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Bouwmeester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Madrid-Wolff
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédéral Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Marc Falandt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Sammy Florczak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Ginés Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Größbacher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Roos-Anne Samsom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Delrot
- Readily3D SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building A, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Damien Loterie
- Readily3D SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building A, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédéral Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
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