Zona fasciculata 21-hydroxysteroids and precursor-to-product ratios in 21-hydroxylase deficiency: further characterization of classic and non-classic patients and heterozygote carriers

INTRODUCTION

Although much is known about the increased levels of the 21-hydroxylase substrates 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and 21-deoxycortisol (21DF) - the biochemical markers of all forms of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), only limited information is available on the zona fasciculata (ZF) products distal to the enzymatic block: 11-deoxycortisol (S), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), and corticosterone (B).

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether basal and post-ACTH levels of S, DOC, and B and the 21-hydroxylase precursor-to-product ratios determined by tandem mass spectrometry preceded by high-performance liquid chromatography separation (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) could disclose distinct profiles in genotypically confirmed classic (no.=14) and non-classic (NC) (no.=18) patients, heterozygote carriers (no.=61) and wildtypes (WT) (no.=27) for 21OHD.

RESULTS

Salt wasting (SW) and simple virilizing (SV) had higher basal levels of DOC with no further increase in response to ACTH. Stimulated DOC was similar in 21OHD patients and carriers but was reduced as compared to WT. ACTH-stimulated B increased gradually from SW and SV through WT. The post-ACTH 21DF/B ratio was able to detect 92% of the carriers among WT. All NC patients could be detected by post-ACTH 17OHP/DOC and 21DF/B, with no overlap with 21OHD carriers.

CONCLUSION

Although 21-hydroxylase is a key enzymatic step in both 17-hydroxy and 17-deoxy pathways of ZF, the reaction is mostly affected in the latter pathway, leading to a significant impairment of B production, which may further characterize the 21OHD subtypes. Also, the precursor-to-product ratios, particularly 21DF/B, can demonstrate the distinctive outline of 21OHD subtypes, including carriers and normal subjects.