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Gou Y, Li J, Jackson-Weaver O, Wu J, Zhang T, Gupta R, Cho I, Ho TV, Chen Y, Li M, Richard S, Wang J, Chai Y, Xu J. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT1 Is Essential for Palatogenesis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1510-1518. [PMID: 29986157 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518785164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is among the most common birth defects. Currently, only 30% of cases have identified genetic causes, whereas the etiology of the majority remains to be discovered. We identified a new regulator of palate development, protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), and demonstrated that disruption of PRMT1 function in neural crest cells caused complete cleft palate and craniofacial malformations. PRMT1 is the most highly expressed of the protein arginine methyltransferases, enzymes responsible for methylation of arginine motifs on histone and nonhistone proteins. PRMT1 regulates signal transduction and transcriptional activity that affect multiple signal pathways crucial in craniofacial development, such as the BMP, TGFβ, and WNT pathways. We demonstrated that Wnt1-Cre;Prmt1 fl/fl mice displayed a decrease in palatal mesenchymal cell proliferation and failure of palatal shelves to reach the midline. Further analysis in signal pathways revealed that loss of Prmt1 in mutant mice decreased BMP signaling activation and reduced the deposition of H4R3me2a mark. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Prmt1 is crucial in palate development. Our study may facilitate the development of a better strategy to interrupt the formation of cleft palate through manipulation of PRMT1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Li
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Jackson-Weaver
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Wu
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Zhang
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R Gupta
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Cho
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T V Ho
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- 3 Bioinfornatics Group, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Li
- 3 Bioinfornatics Group, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Richard
- 4 Segal Cancer Center, Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - J Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Chai
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Xu
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhang T, Wu J, Ungvijanpunya N, Jackson-Weaver O, Gou Y, Feng J, Ho TV, Shen Y, Liu J, Richard S, Jin J, Hajishengallis G, Chai Y, Xu J. Smad6 Methylation Represses NFκB Activation and Periodontal Inflammation. J Dent Res 2018; 97:810-819. [PMID: 29420098 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518755688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signals maintains tissue homeostasis and defines the outcome of chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, a condition that afflicts the tooth-supporting tissues and exerts an impact on systemic health. The induction of tissue inflammation relies heavily on Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which drives a proinflammatory pathway through recruiting myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and activating nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). TLR-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines is reined in by anti-inflammatory cytokines, including the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family of cytokines. Although Smad6 is a key mediator of TGFβ-induced anti-inflammatory signaling, the exact mechanism by which TGFβ regulates TLR proinflammatory signaling in the periodontal tissue has not been addressed to date. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the ability of TGFβ to inhibit TLR-NFκB signaling is mediated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1)-induced Smad6 methylation. Upon methylation, Smad6 recruited MyD88 and promoted MyD88 degradation, thereby inhibiting NFκB activation. Most important, Smad6 is expressed and methylated in the gingival epithelium, and PRMT1-Smad6 signaling promotes tissue homeostasis by limiting inflammation. Consistent with this, disturbance of Smad6 methylation exacerbates inflammation and bone loss in experimental periodontitis. The dissected mechanism is therapeutically important, as it highlights the manipulation of PRMT1-Smad6 signaling as a novel promising strategy to modulate the host immune response in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- 1 Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Wu
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N Ungvijanpunya
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Jackson-Weaver
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Gou
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Feng
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T V Ho
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Shen
- 3 Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Liu
- 3 Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Richard
- 4 Segal Cancer Center, Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J Jin
- 3 Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Hajishengallis
- 5 Department of Microbiology, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Chai
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Xu
- 2 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Colman DR, Garcia JR, Crossey LJ, Karlstrom K, Jackson-Weaver O, Takacs-Vesbach C. An analysis of geothermal and carbonic springs in the western United States sustained by deep fluid inputs. Geobiology 2014; 12:83-98. [PMID: 24286205 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal springs harbor unique microbial communities that have provided insight into the early evolution of life, expanded known microbial diversity, and documented a deep Earth biosphere. Mesothermal (cool but above ambient temperature) continental springs, however, have largely been ignored although they may also harbor unique populations of micro-organisms influenced by deep subsurface fluid mixing with near surface fluids. We investigated the microbial communities of 28 mesothermal springs in diverse geologic provinces of the western United States that demonstrate differential mixing of deeply and shallowly circulated water. Culture-independent analysis of the communities yielded 1966 bacterial and 283 archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences. The springs harbored diverse taxa and shared few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) across sites. The Proteobacteria phylum accounted for most of the dataset (81.2% of all 16S rRNA genes), with 31 other phyla/candidate divisions comprising the remainder. A small percentage (~6%) of bacterial 16S rRNA genes could not be classified at the phylum level, but were mostly distributed in those springs with greatest inputs of deeply sourced fluids. Archaeal diversity was limited to only four springs and was primarily composed of well-characterized Thaumarchaeota. Geochemistry across the dataset was varied, but statistical analyses suggested that greater input of deeply sourced fluids was correlated with community structure. Those with lesser input contained genera typical of surficial waters, while some of the springs with greater input may contain putatively chemolithotrophic communities. The results reported here expand our understanding of microbial diversity of continental geothermal systems and suggest that these communities are influenced by the geochemical and hydrologic characteristics arising from deeply sourced (mantle-derived) fluid mixing. The springs and communities we report here provide evidence for opportunities to understand new dimensions of continental geobiological processes where warm, highly reduced fluids are mixing with more oxidized surficial waters.
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MESH Headings
- Archaea/classification
- Archaea/genetics
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Biota
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genes, rRNA
- Hot Springs/chemistry
- Hot Springs/microbiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- United States
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Colman
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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