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Stip E, Lungu OV, Anselmo K, Letourneau G, Mendrek A, Stip B, Lipp O, Lalonde P, Bentaleb LA. Neural changes associated with appetite information processing in schizophrenic patients after 16 weeks of olanzapine treatment. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e128. [PMID: 22714121 PMCID: PMC3384221 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that some atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine, can produce unwanted metabolic side effects, weight gain and diabetes. However, neuronal correlates of change related to food information processing have not been investigated with these medications. We studied the effect of a pharmacological manipulation with an antipsychotic known to cause weight gain on metabolites, cognitive tasks and neural correlates related to food regulation. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with a task requiring visual processing of appetitive stimuli in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls before and after 16 weeks of antipsychotic medication with olanzapine. In patients, the psychological and neuronal changes associated following the treatment correlated with appetite control measures and metabolite levels in fasting blood samples. After 16 weeks of olanzapine treatment, the patients gained weight, increased their waist circumference, had fewer positive schizophrenia symptoms, a reduced ghrelin plasma concentration and an increased concentration of triglycerides, insulin and leptin. In premotor area, somatosensory cortices as well as bilaterally in the fusiform gyri, the olanzapine treatment increased the neural activity related to appetitive information in schizophrenic patients to similar levels relative to healthy individuals. However, a higher increase in sensitivity to appetitive stimuli after the treatment was observed in insular cortices, amygdala and cerebellum in schizophrenic patients as compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, these changes in neuronal activity correlated with changes in some metabolites and cognitive measurements related to appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stip
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - O V Lungu
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de Recherche de l′Institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Department of Research, Donald Berman Maimonides Geriatric Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - K Anselmo
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,CHUM, Centre de Recherche Fernand Seguin, Université de Montréal, Notre Dame Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - G Letourneau
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,CHUM, Centre de Recherche Fernand Seguin, Université de Montréal, Notre Dame Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Mendrek
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,CHUM, Centre de Recherche Fernand Seguin, Université de Montréal, Notre Dame Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - B Stip
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - O Lipp
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de Recherche de l′Institut Universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - P Lalonde
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,CHUM, Centre de Recherche Fernand Seguin, Université de Montréal, Notre Dame Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - L A Bentaleb
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,CHUM, Centre de Recherche Fernand Seguin, Université de Montréal, Notre Dame Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Goodhew S, Visser T, Lipp O, Dux P. Competing for consciousness: Reduced object substitution masking with prolonged mask exposure. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Potvin S, Pampoulova T, Mancini-Marië A, Lipp O, Bouchard RH, Stip E. Increased extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and a comorbid substance use disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:796-8. [PMID: 16705205 PMCID: PMC2077473 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.079228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Few data have been gathered about the impact of psychoactive substances on extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in schizophrenia, and so far, inconsistent results have been reported. We studied 41 outpatients with schizophrenia (based on DSM-IV criteria), who were divided into two groups: with (n = 17) and without (n = 24) a substance use disorder (alcohol, cannabis, and/or cocaine). Both groups were matched for sociodemographic data and psychiatric symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). EPS were evaluated with the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale and the Barnes Akathisia Scale, and all patients were stable on either quetiapine or clozapine. Patients receiving anticholinergic drugs were excluded. Analyses of variance were conducted on both groups and showed that schizophrenia patients with a comorbid substance use disorder (especially cocaine) displayed more EPS compared with non-abusing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Potvin
- Centre de recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hôpital Louis-H Lafontaine, 7331, rue Hochelaga, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1N 3V2
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Papadimitriou GN, Souery D, Lipp O, Massat I, Mahieu B, Van Broeckhoven C, Mendlewicz J. In search of anticipation in unipolar affective disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005; 15:511-6. [PMID: 16139168 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Controversial evidence exists regarding the presence of the phenomenon of anticipation in affective disorder. To further evaluate this hypothesis on the unipolar pattern of the disease, we examined 21 two-generation pairs of first and second degree relatives with unipolar recurrent major depression. Biases from index-patient and from unaffected sibs were taken into consideration. A significant difference in the age at onset and episode frequency (as measure of disease severity) between parental and offspring generation was observed. The median age at onset of the parental generation was 37+/-8.2 years compared to 22+/-8.3 years in the offspring generation (p=0.001). The offspring generation also experienced an episode frequency two times greater than the parent generation (p=0.001). Anticipation was demonstrated in 95% of pairs regarding age at onset and in 84% of pairs in episode frequency. However, the observation of a birth cohort effect may possibly explain the differences in age at onset between generations in our sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Papadimitriou
- Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
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Lipp O, Ritzmann M, Kixmöller M, Heinritzi K, Hensel A, Truyen U. Homogeneity of the Prion Protein Gene in Various European and Asian Pig Breeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 51:97-8. [PMID: 15107033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Lipp
- Zentralinstitut des Tiergesundheitsdienstes Bayern e.V., Poing, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric co-morbidity is thought to be an important problem in suicide, but it has been little investigated. This study aims to investigate patterns of co-morbidity in a group of male suicide completers. METHOD One hundred and fifteen male suicide completers from the Greater Montreal Area and 82 matched community controls were assessed using proxy-based diagnostic interviews. Patterns of co-morbidity were investigated using latent class analysis. RESULTS Three subgroups of male suicide completers were identified (L2 = 171.62, df = 2012, P < 0.05). they differed significantly in the amount of co-morbidity (Kruskal-Wallis chi2 = 71.227, df = 2. P < 0.000) and exhibited different diagnostic profiles. Co-morbidity was particularly found in subjects with disorders characterized by impulsive and impulsive-aggressive traits, whereas subjects without those traits had levels of co-morbidity which were not significantly different from those of controls (chi2 = 8.17, df = 4, P = 0.086). CONCLUSIONS Suicide completers can be divided into at least three subgroups according to co-morbidity: a low co-morbidity group, a substance-dependent group and a group exhibiting childhood onset of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kim
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
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Turecki G, Sequeira A, Gingras Y, Séguin M, Lesage A, Tousignant M, Chawky N, Vanier C, Lipp O, Benkelfat C, Rouleau GA. Suicide and serotonin: study of variation at seven serotonin receptor genes in suicide completers. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2003; 118B:36-40. [PMID: 12627464 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.10006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is an important public health problem, accounting for a significant proportion of total mortality among young people, particularly males. There is growing and consistent evidence suggesting that genetic factors play an important role in the predisposition to suicide. Based on several lines of evidence supporting a reduced serotonergic neurotransmission in subjects who committed suicide, we investigated variation at genes that code for serotonin receptor 1B (5-HTR1B), 1Dalpha (5-HTR1Dalpha), 1E (5-HTR1E), 1F (5-HTR1F), 2C (5-HTR2C), 5A (5-HTR5A), and 6 (5-HTR6) in a total sample of 106 suicide completers and 120 normal controls. No differences were observed in allelic or genotypic distributions between groups for any of the loci investigated. Moreover, further analysis according to suicide method or psychopathology also failed to reveal differences between groups. Our results do not support a substantial role of these serotonergic receptors in suicide completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Turecki
- Center for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Verdun, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada.
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Abstract
Latent inhibition (LI) is an important model for understanding cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Disruption of LI is thought to result from an inability to ignore irrelevant stimuli. The study investigated LI in schizophrenic patients by using Pavlovian conditioning of electrodermal responses in a complete within-subject design. Thirty-two schizophrenic patients (16 acute, unmedicated and 16 medicated patients) and 16 healthy control subjects (matched with respect to age and gender) participated in the study. The experiment consisted of two stages: preexposure and conditioning. During preexposure two visual stimuli were presented. one of which served as the to-be-conditioned stimulus (CSp + ) and the other one was the not-to-be-conditioned stimulus (CSp - ) during the following conditioning ( = acquisition). During acquisition, two novel visual stimuli(CSn + and CSn - ) were introduced. A reaction time task was used as the unconditioned stimulus (US). LI was defined as the difference in response differentiation observed between preexposed and non-preexposed sets of CS + and CS - . During preexposure, the schizophrenic patients did not differ in electrodermal responding from the control subjects, neither concerning the extent of orienting nor the course of habituation. The exposure to novel stimuli at the beginning of the acquisition elicited reduced orienting responses in unmedicated patients compared to medicated patients and control subjects. LI was observed in medicated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls, but not in acute unmedicated patients. Furthermore LI was found to be correlated with the duration of illness: it was attenuated in patients who had suffered their first psychotic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vaitl
- Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, University of Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10, D-35394 Giessen, Germany.
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Turecki G, Zhu Z, Tzenova J, Lesage A, Séguin M, Tousignant M, Chawky N, Vanier C, Lipp O, Alda M, Joober R, Benkelfat C, Rouleau GA. TPH and suicidal behavior: a study in suicide completers. Mol Psychiatry 2001; 6:98-102. [PMID: 11244493 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An association between the gene that codes for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)-the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin-and suicidal behavior has been investigated with some detail in samples of living subjects who attempted suicide. In this study, we investigated TPH and suicide completion, the most severe form of suicidal behavior. A relatively large sample of suicide completers (n = 101) was genotyped at three TPH loci (two polymorphisms in the promoter region, A-6526G and G-5806T, and one in intron 7, A218C) and compared to psychiatrically normal living controls (n = 129). Although no significant differences were found between groups for genetic variation at single loci, haplotype analysis revealed that one haplotype (-6526G -5806T 218C) was significantly more frequent among suicide cases than in normal controls (chi(2) = 11.30, df = 2, P = 0.0008; OR = 2.0 CI: 1.30-3.6). Further analyses suggested that this haplotype is particularly more frequent among subjects who committed suicide using violent methods. Similar results were observed in recent haplotype analyses in suicide attempters, which found that the equivalent of haplotype -6526G -5806T 218C was more frequent in impulsive attempters (Rotondo et al, Mol Psychiatry 1999; 4: 360-368). Our results replicate in suicide completers previous data observed in suicide attempters. These and other results continue to point to the substantial role that the gene that codes for TPH may play in the neurobiology of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Turecki
- Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.
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Massat I, Souery D, Lipp O, Blairy S, Papadimitriou G, Dikeos D, Ackenheil M, Fuchshuber S, Hilger C, Kaneva R, Milanova V, Verheyen G, Raeymaekers P, Staner L, Oruc L, Jakovljevic M, Serretti A, Macciardi F, Van Broeckhoven C, Mendlewicz J. A European multicenter association study of HTR2A receptor polymorphism in bipolar affective disorder. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96:136-40. [PMID: 10893484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The available data on the role of 5-HT in a variety of behaviors support the hypothesis that a dysfunction in brain serotoninergic system activity contributes to vulnerability to major depression. The diversity in the electrophysiological actions of 5-HT in the central nervous system can now be categorized according to receptor subtypes and their respective effector mechanisms. In particular, the implication of central postsynaptic 5-HT2A receptor in affective disorders has been supported by findings consistent with the hypothesis of 5-HT2A receptor up-regulation in depression. For these reasons, the 5-HT2A receptor (HTR2A) gene can be considered as a candidate gene in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). We tested the possible genetic contribution of the polymorphic DNA variation T102C in exon 1 of HTR2A (chromosome 13q14-21) gene in a large European multicentric case-control sample. Allele and genotype frequencies, as well as homo-heterozygote distributions were compared between the two groups of 309 bipolar affective disorder patients and 309 matched controls. No significant differences were observed in the allelic and genotypic (also for homo-heterozygote) distribution between BPAD and controls. These results indicate that, in our sample, the 5-HT2A receptor polymorphism studied is unlikely to play a major role in the genetic susceptibility to BPAD. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:136-140, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Massat
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Serretti A, Macciardi F, Cusin C, Lattuada E, Souery D, Lipp O, Mahieu B, Van Broeckhoven C, Blackwood D, Muir W, Aschauer HN, Heiden AM, Ackenheil M, Fuchshuber S, Raeymaekers P, Verheyen G, Kaneva R, Jablensky A, Papadimitriou GN, Dikeos DG, Stefanis CN, Smeraldi E, Mendlewicz J. Linkage of mood disorders with D2, D3 and TH genes: a multicenter study. J Affect Disord 2000; 58:51-61. [PMID: 10760558 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the dopaminergic system is involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. We conducted a multicenter study of families with mood disorders, to investigate a possible linkage with genes coding for dopamine receptor D2, dopamine receptor D3 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). METHODS Twenty three mood disorder pedigrees collected within the framework of the European Collaborative Project on Affective Disorders were analyzed with parametric and non-parametric linkage methods. Various potential phenotypes were considered, from a narrow (only bipolar as affected) to a broad (bipolar+major depressive+schizoaffective disorders) definition of affection status. RESULTS Parametric analyses excluded linkage for all the candidate genes, even though small positive LOD (Limit of Detection) scores were observed for TH in three families. Non-parametric analyses yielded negative results for all markers. CONCLUSION The D2 and D3 dopamine receptors were, therefore, not a major liability factor for mood disorders in our sample, whereas TH may play a role in a subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serretti
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Luigi Prinetti 29, 20127, Milan, Italy.
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Souery D, Lipp O, Rivelli SK, Massat I, Serretti A, Cavallini C, Ackenheil M, Adolfsson R, Aschauer H, Blackwood D, Dam H, Dikeos D, Fuchshuber S, Heiden M, Jakovljevic M, Kaneva R, Kessing L, Lerer B, Lönnqvist J, Mellerup T, Milanova V, Muir W, Nylander PO, Oruc L, Mendlewicz J. Tyrosine hydroxylase polymorphism and phenotypic heterogeneity in bipolar affective disorder: a multicenter association study. Am J Med Genet 1999; 88:527-32. [PMID: 10490711 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19991015)88:5<527::aid-ajmg17>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of catecholamines, is considered a candidate gene in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and has been the subject of numerous linkage and association studies. Taken together, most results do not support a major gene effect for the TH gene in BPAD. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity may partially explain the difficulty of confirming the exact role of this gene using both association and linkage methods. Four hundred one BPAD patients and 401 unrelated matched controls were recruited within a European collaborative project (BIOMED1 project in the area of brain research, European Community grant number CT 92-1217, project leader: J. Mendlewicz) involving 14 centers for a case-control association study with a tetranucleotide polymorphism in the TH gene. Patients and controls were carefully matched for geographical origin. Phenotypic heterogeneity was considered and subgroup analyses were performed with relevant variables: age at onset, family history, and diagnostic stability. No association was observed in the total sample or for subgroups according to age at onset (n = 172), family history alone (n = 159), or high degree of diagnostic stability and a positive family history (n = 131). The results of this association study do not confirm the possible implication of TH polymorphism in the susceptibility to BPAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Souery
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Serretti A, Cavallini MC, Macciardi F, Namia C, Franchini L, Souery D, Lipp O, Bauwens F, Smeraldi E, Mendlewicz J. Social adjustment and self-esteem in remitted patients with mood disorders. Eur Psychiatry 1999; 14:137-42. [PMID: 10572338 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders are characterized by manic and depressive episodes alternating with normal mood. While social function is heavily impaired during episodes of illness, there are conflicting opinions about inter-episode function. The present paper focuses on self-esteem and social adjustment in remitted mood disorders patients. Patients with mood disorders (99 bipolar and 86 major depressive subjects, in remission) were compared with a group of 100 control subjects. The self-esteem scale (SES) and the social adjustment scale (SAS) were used to measure self-esteem and social adjustment, respectively, in both groups of subjects. Patients with mood disorder exhibited worse social adjustment and lower self-esteem than control subjects. These results strongly confirm previous observations of poor inter-episode function in patients with mooddisorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serretti
- Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Luigi Prinetti 29, 20127 Milan, Italy
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Souery D, Amsterdam J, de Montigny C, Lecrubier Y, Montgomery S, Lipp O, Racagni G, Zohar J, Mendlewicz J. Treatment resistant depression: methodological overview and operational criteria. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1999; 9:83-91. [PMID: 10082232 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-977x(98)00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of definitions are used for Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD), considering various criteria and different concepts. Some of the key issues are: the diagnosis, the treatment adequacy in terms of dose and duration, the treatment response assessment and the number of failed therapeutic trials required. Systematic research has been characterizing the concept and criteria to define the different variables involved. Lack of consensus on these issues limits comparison across clinical trials and interpretation of treatment efficacy in the management of treatment resistant patients. Through reanalyzes of available data, we point out the limits of TRD definitions and propose conceptual and operational criteria for a collaborative research project on TRD. It appears that a number of variables commonly associated to treatment resistance are independent of patients characteristics and mainly refer to misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. The proposed criteria are intended for therapeutic trials in TRD, combining the evaluation of treatment efficiency and the validation of the concept of TRD itself. Major depression with poor response to two adequate trials of different classes of antidepressants is proposed for an operational definition of TRD. Rationale for this definition is discussed in contrast to alternative definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Souery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
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Souery D, Lipp O, Serretti A, Mahieu B, Rivelli SK, Cavallini C, Ackenheil M, Adolfsson R, Aschauer H, Blackwood D, Dam H, Delcoigne B, Demartelaer V, Dikeos D, Fuchshuber S, Heiden M, Jablensky A, Jakovljevic M, Kessing L, Lerer B, Macedo A, Mellerup T, Milanova V, Muir W, Mendlewicz J. European Collaborative Project on Affective Disorders: interactions between genetic and psychosocial vulnerability factors. Psychiatr Genet 1998; 8:197-205. [PMID: 9861637 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-199808040-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite strong evidence provided by genetic epidemiology of genetic involvement in the aetiology of bipolar and unipolar affective disorders, the exact nature of the predisposing gene(s) is still being investigated through linkage and association studies. The interaction of susceptibility genes and environmental factors in these diseases is also of fundamental importance and requires proper investigation. Interesting theories have recently been proposed examining the possible role of various chromosomal regions, candidate genes and mutations in affective disorders. Reliable multicentre-based methodology is currently being employed to examine these theories, with attention given to statistical analysis and the statistical power of the sample. The present article describes the European Collaborative Project on Affective Disorders (ECPAD) 'Interactions between genetic and psychosocial vulnerability factors', involving 15 European centres. A description is given of the association and family samples collected for the project and also the methodology used to analyse interactions in the gene-psychosocial environment. This material provides a powerful tool in the search for susceptibility genes in affective disorders and takes into account non-genetic aetiological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Souery
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Mendlewicz J, Lindbald K, Souery D, Mahieu B, Nylander PO, De Bruyn A, Zander C, Engström C, Adolfsson R, Van Broeckhoven C, Schalling M, Lipp O. Expanded trinucleotide CAG repeats in families with bipolar affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 42:1115-22. [PMID: 9426881 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical anticipation has been reported in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). The hypothesis that expanded trinucleotide repeats are related to anticipation and transmission pattern in families with bipolar affective disorder is tested in this study. Eighty-seven two-generation pairs of patients recruited from 29 bipolar families were analyzed. The repeat expansion detection method was used to detect CAG repeat expansions between successive generations. Significant changes in age at onset and episode frequency in successive generations were observed. Mean trinucleotide CAG repeat length between parental and offspring generation significantly increased when the phenotype increased in severity, i.e., changed from major depression, single episode or unipolar recurrent depression to BPAD. A parent-of-origin effect was also observed with a significant increase in median length CAG between G1 and G2 with maternal inheritance. This increase was observed notably in female offspring. Our findings indicate for the first time that expansion of CAG repeat length could explain the clinical observation of anticipation in families with BPAD. These results provide further support for expanded trinucleotide repeat sequences as risk factors in major affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mendlewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Mahieu B, Souery D, Lipp O, Mendelbaum K, Verheyen G, De Maertelaer V, Van Broeckhoven C, Mendlewicz J. No association between bipolar affective disorder and a serotonin receptor (5-HT2A) polymorphism. Psychiatry Res 1997; 70:65-9. [PMID: 9194200 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-1781(97)03028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The serotonergic system is implicated in the pathogenesis of affective disorders. In particular, the role of the postsynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) type 2 receptor (5-HT2) has been documented by several studies. The 5-HT2A receptor gene located on chromosome 13 (13q14-21) can be considered a candidate gene for bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). We tested association between a 5-HT2A receptor DNA variant and BPAD using a case-control design. Eighty-three BPAD patients and 129 unrelated normal controls, carefully matched for sex and geographical origin, were studied. Allele and genotype frequencies as well as homo-heterozygote distribution at the 5-HT2A receptor polymorphism were compared between the two groups. No significant allelic or genotypic associations were observed. There was no significant difference for homo-heterozygote distribution between the two groups. These preliminary results may indicate that in our sample the 5-HT2 receptor polymorphism studied is unlikely to play a role in the genetic susceptibility to BPAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mahieu
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Stravynski A, Gaudette G, Lesage A, Arbel N, Petit P, Clerc D, Fabian J, Lamontagne Y, Langlois R, Lipp O, Sidoun P. The treatment of sexually dysfunctional men without partners: a controlled study of three behavioural group approaches. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 170:338-44. [PMID: 9246252 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.170.4.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Models of sex therapy for sexual dysfunction in single men are available, but their value is not well established. This controlled study compared three approaches to the treatment of sexually dysfunctional single men. METHOD Sixty-nine single men diagnosed as sexually dysfunctional were randomly assigned to treatments focusing on either their sexual dysfunction, their interpersonal problems, a combination of both or a waiting list; 51 completed treatment and 50 the one-year follow-up. Treatment was administered in small groups in 15 weekly sessions and four six-weekly sessions during the first six months of a year-long follow-up. RESULTS No clinically meaningful change was observed during the waiting period. In contrast, a significant and equivalent improvement was observed in all treatment groups by the end of treatment. However, differences between them were in evidence at 6 and 12 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Both treatments paying attention to the patients' interpersonal difficulties resulted in significantly better outcomes overall than the approach that concentrated on problems in sexual functioning alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stravynski
- Fernand Seguin Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Souery D, Lipp O, Mahieu B, Mendelbaum K, De Martelaer V, Van Broeckhoven C, Mendlewicz J. Association study of bipolar disorder with candidate genes involved in catecholamine neurotransmission: DRD2, DRD3, DAT1, and TH genes. Am J Med Genet 1996; 67:551-5. [PMID: 8950413 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19961122)67:6<551::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite strong evidence for genetic involvement in the etiology of affective disorders (from twin adoption and family studies), linkage and association methodologies are still exploring the nature of genetic factors in these diseases. Interesting testable hypotheses have been described, including candidate genes involved in catecholamine neurotransmission. We studied 69 bipolar patients and 69 matched controls (for age, sex, and geographical origin) for association and linkage disequilibrium with DNA markers at the following genes: the tyrosine hydroxylase gene, dopamine transporter gene, and dopamine D2 and D3 receptor genes. Association and linkage disequilibrium were excluded between bipolar affective disorder and these four candidate genes in our sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Souery
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Souery D, Lipp O, Mahieu B, Mendelbaum K, De Bruyn A, De Maertelaer V, Van Broeckhoven C, Mendlewicz J. Excess tyrosine hydroxylase restriction fragment length polymorphism homozygosity in unipolar but not bipolar patients: a preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 40:305-8. [PMID: 8871780 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(96)00038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Souery
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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