1
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Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Babu R, Belmont-Moreno E, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Chaparro-Amaro O, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, Diaz Hernandez R, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Durocher M, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fan KL, Fang K, Fernández Alonso M, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, García-González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Goodman JA, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hinton J, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Lee J, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Malone K, Martinez O, Martínez-Castro J, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto JA, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Olivera-Nieto L, Omodei N, Pérez Araujo Y, Pérez-Pérez EG, Rho CD, Rosa-González D, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salazar-Gallegos D, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Serna-Franco J, Smith AJ, Son Y, Springer RW, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Turner R, Ureña-Mena F, Varela E, Villaseñor L, Wang X, Watson IJ, Willox E, Yun-Cárcamo S, Zhou H, de León C, Beacom JF, Linden T, Ng KCY, Peter AHG, Zhou B. Discovery of Gamma Rays from the Quiescent Sun with HAWC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:051201. [PMID: 37595214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We report the first detection of a TeV γ-ray flux from the solar disk (6.3σ), based on 6.1 years of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory. The 0.5-2.6 TeV spectrum is well fit by a power law, dN/dE=A(E/1 TeV)^{-γ}, with A=(1.6±0.3)×10^{-12} TeV^{-1} cm^{-2} s^{-1} and γ=3.62±0.14. The flux shows a strong indication of anticorrelation with solar activity. These results extend the bright, hard GeV emission from the disk observed with Fermi-LAT, seemingly due to hadronic Galactic cosmic rays showering on nuclei in the solar atmosphere. However, current theoretical models are unable to explain the details of how solar magnetic fields shape these interactions. HAWC's TeV detection thus deepens the mysteries of the solar-disk emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | | | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - R Babu
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - O Chaparro-Amaro
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Computaci'on, Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional, M'exico City, M'exico
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de F'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R Diaz Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Durocher
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de F'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - K Fang
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M Fernández Alonso
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20064
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Avenue Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico, 64849
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Huang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - J Lee
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Malone
- Space Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Computaci'on, Instituto Polit'ecnico Nacional, M'exico City, M'exico
| | - J A Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - J A Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - L Olivera-Nieto
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Omodei
- Department of Physics, Stanford University: Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA
| | - Y Pérez Araujo
- Instituto de Astronom'ia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - D Salazar-Gallegos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Serna-Franco
- Instituto de F'isica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Y Son
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Torres-Escobedo
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - R Turner
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - F Ureña-Mena
- Instituto Nacional de Astrof'isica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - L Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias F'isico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - X Wang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - I J Watson
- University of Seoul, Seoul, Rep. of Korea
| | - E Willox
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - S Yun-Cárcamo
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - C de León
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J F Beacom
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Linden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K C Y Ng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China
| | - A H G Peter
- Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (CCAPP), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - B Zhou
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Angeles Camacho JR, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Arunbabu KP, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Baghmanyan V, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi SY, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, de León C, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Galván-Gámez A, Garcia D, García-González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Goodman JA, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hona B, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Joshi V, Lara A, Lee WH, León Vargas H, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Lundeen J, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto JA, Moreno E, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Omodei N, Peisker A, Pérez-Pérez EG, Rho CD, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Tabachnick E, Tanner M, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Weisgarber T, Yodh G, Zepeda A, Zhou H. Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation from HAWC Observations of Gamma Rays above 100 TeV. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:131101. [PMID: 32302173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.131101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the high energies and long distances to the sources, astrophysical observations provide a unique opportunity to test possible signatures of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). Superluminal LIV enables the decay of photons at high energy. The high altitude water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is among the most sensitive gamma-ray instruments currently operating above 10 TeV. HAWC finds evidence of 100 TeV photon emission from at least four astrophysical sources. These observations exclude, for the strongest of the limits set, the LIV energy scale to 2.2×10^{31} eV, over 1800 times the Planck energy and an improvement of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude over previous limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - J R Angeles Camacho
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | | | - K P Arunbabu
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow 31342, Poland
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - S Y BenZvi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - K S Caballero-Mora
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico
| | - T Capistrán
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow 31342, Poland
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58040, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de Física, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
| | - C de León
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58040, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 46600, Mexico
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - A Galván-Gámez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - D Garcia
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - B Hona
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - D Huang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | | | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Lara
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - W H Lee
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - H León Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo 42083, Mexico
| | - J Lundeen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R López-Coto
- INFN and Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 8, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - K Malone
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S S Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 07738, Mexico
| | - H Martínez-Huerta
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Sao Paolo 13566-590, Brasil
| | - J A Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | - J A Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58040, Mexico
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow 31342, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - M Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - N Omodei
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Peisker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E G Pérez-Pérez
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo 42083, Mexico
| | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Rivière
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - M Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow 31342, Poland
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sinnis
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - P Surajbali
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Tabachnick
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA
| | - M Tanner
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo 42083, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla 72840, Mexico
| | - R Torres-Escobedo
- Departamento de Física, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1051, USA
| | - T Weisgarber
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - A Zepeda
- Physics Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - H Zhou
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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3
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Abeysekara AU, Albert A, Alfaro R, Angeles Camacho JR, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Arunbabu KP, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Baghmanyan V, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi SY, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De la Fuente E, de León C, Dichiara S, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Galván-Gámez A, Garcia D, García-González JA, Garfias F, González MM, Goodman JA, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hinton J, Hona B, Huang D, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Kieda D, Lara A, Lee WH, León Vargas H, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, Lundeen J, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Morales-Soto JA, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Peisker A, Pérez-Pérez EG, Pretz J, Ren Z, Rho CD, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Tabachnick E, Tanner M, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Torres-Escobedo R, Villaseñor L, Weisgarber T, Wood J, Yapici T, Zhang H, Zhou H. Multiple Galactic Sources with Emission Above 56 TeV Detected by HAWC. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:021102. [PMID: 32004015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.021102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the first catalog of gamma-ray sources emitting above 56 and 100 TeV with data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory, a wide field-of-view observatory capable of detecting gamma rays up to a few hundred TeV. Nine sources are observed above 56 TeV, all of which are likely galactic in origin. Three sources continue emitting past 100 TeV, making this the highest-energy gamma-ray source catalog to date. We report the integral flux of each of these objects. We also report spectra for three highest-energy sources and discuss the possibility that they are PeVatrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Abeysekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - A Albert
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J R Angeles Camacho
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - K P Arunbabu
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - V Baghmanyan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - S Y BenZvi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - C de León
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - S Dichiara
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - R W Ellsworth
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Galván-Gámez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - D Garcia
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Hona
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Huang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | | | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Joshi
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - D Kieda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - A Lara
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - W H Lee
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - H León Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - J Lundeen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - R López-Coto
- INFN and Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy
| | - K Malone
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S S Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - H Martínez-Huerta
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - J A Matthews
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - J A Morales-Soto
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - A Peisker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - J Pretz
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Z Ren
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - C Rivière
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sinnis
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - P Surajbali
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Tabachnick
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - M Tanner
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Torres-Escobedo
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - L Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T Weisgarber
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J Wood
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Hunstville, Alabama, USA
| | - T Yapici
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
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4
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Abeysekara AU, Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Álvarez JD, Arceo R, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi SY, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Castillo M, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De León C, De la Fuente E, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dichiara S, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Espinoza C, Fang K, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Galván-Gámez A, García-González JA, Garfias F, González-Muñoz A, González MM, Goodman JA, Hampel-Arias Z, Harding JP, Hernandez S, Hinton J, Hona B, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hui CM, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Kar P, Kunde GJ, Lauer RJ, Lee WH, León Vargas H, Li H, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis-Raya G, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nayerhoda A, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Pretz J, Pérez-Pérez EG, Ren Z, Rho CD, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Seglar Arroyo M, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Taboada I, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Vianello G, Villaseñor L, Weisgarber T, Werner F, Westerhoff S, Wood J, Yapici T, Yodh G, Zepeda A, Zhang H, Zhou H. Publisher Correction: Very-high-energy particle acceleration powered by the jets of the microquasar SS 433. Nature 2018; 564:E38. [PMID: 30482938 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this Letter, owing to a production error, the penultimate version of the PDF was published. The HTML version was always correct. The PDF has been corrected online.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Abeysekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Albert
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - J D Álvarez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - R Arceo
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | | | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Y BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland.,Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Castillo
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - C De León
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico.,Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Dichiara
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R W Ellsworth
- School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Espinoza
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Fang
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - H Fleischhack
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Galván-Gámez
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Z Hampel-Arias
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Inter-university Institute for High Energies, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J P Harding
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S Hernandez
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Hona
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - C M Hui
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Office, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Joshi
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - P Kar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - G J Kunde
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - R J Lauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - W H Lee
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H León Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Li
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Luis-Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Mexico
| | | | - K Malone
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S S Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A Matthews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Nayerhoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - J Pretz
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Z Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - C Rivière
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Seglar Arroyo
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - G Sinnis
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Surajbali
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Vianello
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - L Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T Weisgarber
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - F Werner
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Wood
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Yapici
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Zepeda
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico.,Physics Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H Zhou
- Physics and Theoretical Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
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Abeysekara A, Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Álvarez J, Arceo R, Arteaga-Velázquez J, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares H, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi S, Braun J, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora K, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Castillo M, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De León C, De la Fuente E, Diaz Hernandez R, Dichiara S, Dingus B, DuVernois M, Ellsworth R, Engel K, Enríquez-Rivera O, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, Galván-Gámez A, García-González J, González Muñoz A, González M, Hampel-Arias Z, Harding J, Hernandez S, Hona B, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hui C, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Lara A, Lee W, León Vargas H, Linnemann J, Longinotti A, Luis-Raya G, Luna-García R, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli S, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews J, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa M, Noriega-Papaqui R, Pelayo R, Pretz J, Pérez-Pérez E, Ren Z, Rho C, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Seglar Arroyo M, Sinnis G, Smith A, Springer R, Surajbali P, Taboada I, Tibolla O, Torres I, Villaseñor L, Weisgarber T, Westerhoff S, Wood J, Yapici T, Yodh G, Zepeda A, Zhou H. Constraining the
p¯/p
ratio in TeV cosmic rays with observations of the Moon shadow by HAWC. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Abeysekara AU, Albert A, Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Álvarez JD, Arceo R, Arteaga-Velázquez JC, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares HA, Barber AS, Bautista-Elivar N, Becerril A, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi SY, Berley D, Bernal A, Braun J, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora KS, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Castillo M, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De León C, De la Fuente E, Dingus BL, DuVernois MA, Díaz-Vélez JC, Ellsworth RW, Engel K, Enríquez-Rivera O, Fiorino DW, Fraija N, García-González JA, Garfias F, Gerhardt M, González Muñoz A, González MM, Goodman JA, Hampel-Arias Z, Harding JP, Hernández S, Hernández-Almada A, Hinton J, Hona B, Hui CM, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Kieda D, Lara A, Lauer RJ, Lee WH, Lennarz D, Vargas HL, Linnemann JT, Longinotti AL, Luis Raya G, Luna-García R, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli SS, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews JA, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa MU, Noriega-Papaqui R, Pelayo R, Pretz J, Pérez-Pérez EG, Ren Z, Rho CD, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salazar H, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Springer RW, Surajbali P, Taboada I, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Ukwatta TN, Vianello G, Weisgarber T, Westerhoff S, Wisher IG, Wood J, Yapici T, Yodh G, Younk PW, Zepeda A, Zhou H, Guo F, Hahn J, Li H, Zhang H. Extended gamma-ray sources around pulsars constrain the origin of the positron flux at Earth. Science 2018; 358:911-914. [PMID: 29146808 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan4880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The unexpectedly high flux of cosmic-ray positrons detected at Earth may originate from nearby astrophysical sources, dark matter, or unknown processes of cosmic-ray secondary production. We report the detection, using the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC), of extended tera-electron volt gamma-ray emission coincident with the locations of two nearby middle-aged pulsars (Geminga and PSR B0656+14). The HAWC observations demonstrate that these pulsars are indeed local sources of accelerated leptons, but the measured tera-electron volt emission profile constrains the diffusion of particles away from these sources to be much slower than previously assumed. We demonstrate that the leptons emitted by these objects are therefore unlikely to be the origin of the excess positrons, which may have a more exotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Abeysekara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Albert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - R Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Alvarez
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J D Álvarez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - R Arceo
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - D Avila Rojas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H A Ayala Solares
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A S Barber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - A Becerril
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Belmont-Moreno
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Y BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - A Bernal
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C Brisbois
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - T Capistrán
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Carramiñana
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Casanova
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.,Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Castillo
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - U Cotti
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - J Cotzomi
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Coutiño de León
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - C De León
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E De la Fuente
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - B L Dingus
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - R W Ellsworth
- School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - K Engel
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - O Enríquez-Rivera
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D W Fiorino
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - N Fraija
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A García-González
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Garfias
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A González Muñoz
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M M González
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A Goodman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Z Hampel-Arias
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J P Harding
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - S Hernández
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Hernández-Almada
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Hinton
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Hona
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - C M Hui
- Astrophysics Office, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - P Hüntemeyer
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - A Iriarte
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Jardin-Blicq
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Joshi
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kaufmann
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - D Kieda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Lara
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R J Lauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - W H Lee
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D Lennarz
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H León Vargas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J T Linnemann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - A L Longinotti
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Luis Raya
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - R Luna-García
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R López-Coto
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - K Malone
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S S Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - O Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - J Martínez-Castro
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Martínez-Huerta
- Physics Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J A Matthews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - E Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Mostafá
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Newbold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - R Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Pretz
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E G Pérez-Pérez
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Z Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - C D Rho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - C Rivière
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - D Rosa-González
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Rosenberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E Ruiz-Velasco
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
| | - A Sandoval
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Schneider
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - H Schoorlemmer
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sinnis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - A J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - R W Springer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - P Surajbali
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O Tibolla
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T N Ukwatta
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - G Vianello
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T Weisgarber
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - I G Wisher
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T Yapici
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P W Younk
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - A Zepeda
- Physics Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - H Zhou
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - F Guo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - J Hahn
- Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Li
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - H Zhang
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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7
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Alfaro R, Alvarez C, Álvarez J, Arceo R, Arteaga-Velázquez J, Avila Rojas D, Ayala Solares H, Barber A, Becerril A, Belmont-Moreno E, BenZvi S, Brisbois C, Caballero-Mora K, Capistrán T, Carramiñana A, Casanova S, Castillo M, Cotti U, Cotzomi J, Coutiño de León S, De León C, De la Fuente E, Diaz Hernandez R, Dichiara S, Dingus B, DuVernois M, Díaz-Vélez J, Ellsworth R, Enriquez-Rivera O, Fiorino D, Fleischhack H, Fraija N, García-González J, González Muñoz A, González M, Goodman J, Hampel-Arias Z, Harding J, Hernandez-Almada A, Hinton J, Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F, Hui C, Hüntemeyer P, Iriarte A, Jardin-Blicq A, Joshi V, Kaufmann S, Lara A, Lauer R, Lennarz D, León Vargas H, Linnemann J, Longinotti A, Luis Raya G, Luna-García R, López-Cámara D, López-Coto R, Malone K, Marinelli S, Martinez O, Martinez-Castellanos I, Martínez-Castro J, Martínez-Huerta H, Matthews J, Miranda-Romagnoli P, Moreno E, Mostafá M, Nellen L, Newbold M, Nisa M, Noriega-Papaqui R, Pelayo R, Pretz J, Pérez-Pérez E, Ren Z, Rho C, Rivière C, Rosa-González D, Rosenberg M, Ruiz-Velasco E, Salesa Greus F, Sandoval A, Schneider M, Schoorlemmer H, Sinnis G, Smith A, Springer R, Surajbali P, Taboada I, Tibolla O, Tollefson K, Torres I, Ukwatta T, Villaseñor L, Weisgarber T, Westerhoff S, Wood J, Yapici T, Zepeda A, Zhou H. All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured by the HAWC experiment from 10 to 500 TeV. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Acero F, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Albert A, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Belfiore A, Bellazzini R, Bissaldi E, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogart JR, Bonino R, Bottacini E, Bregeon J, Britto RJ, Bruel P, Buehler R, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caputo R, Caragiulo M, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cavazzuti E, Charles E, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Ciprini S, Claus R, Tanugi JC, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, D’Ammando F, Angelis AD, DeKlotz M, Palma FD, Desiante R, Digel SW, Venere LD, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Ferrara EC, Finke J, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Harding AK, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Horan D, Iafrate G, Jogler T, Jóhannesson G, Johnson RP, Johnson AS, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Kataoka J, Katsuta J, Kuss M, Mura GL, Landriu D, Larsson S, Latronico L, Goumard ML, Li J, Li L, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Massaro F, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Michelson PF, Mirabal N, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Mongelli M, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Perkins JS, Rollins MP, Piron F, Pivato G, Porter TA, Racusin JL, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Rochester LS, Romani RW, Salvetti D, Conde MS, Parkinson PMS, Schulz A, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spada F, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stephens TE, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka Y, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Torresi E, Tosti G, Troja E, Klaveren BV, Vianello G, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Zimmer S. FERMI
LARGE AREA TELESCOPE THIRD SOURCE CATALOG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/218/2/23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1146] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Aleksić J, Ansoldi S, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Babic A, Bangale P, Barrio JA, González JB, Bednarek W, Bernardini E, Biasuzzi B, Biland A, Blanch O, Bonnefoy S, Bonnoli G, Borracci F, Bretz T, Carmona E, Carosi A, Colin P, Colombo E, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Covino S, Da Vela P, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Caneva G, De Lotto B, Wilhelmi EDO, Mendez CD, Prester DD, Dorner D, Doro M, Einecke S, Eisenacher D, Elsaesser D, Fonseca MV, Font L, Frantzen K, Fruck C, Galindo D, López RJG, Garczarczyk M, Terrats DG, Gaug M, Godinović N, Muñoz AG, Gozzini SR, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Hayashida M, Herrera J, Hildebrand D, Hose J, Hrupec D, Idec W, Kadenius V, Kellermann H, Kodani K, Konno Y, Krause J, Kubo H, Kushida J, La Barbera A, Lelas D, Lewandowska N, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, López-Coto R, López-Oramas A, Lorenz E, Lozano I, Makariev M, Mallot K, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Marcote B, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Menzel U, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Moralejo A, Munar-Adrover P, Nakajima D, Niedzwiecki A, Nilsson K, Nishijima K, Noda K, Orito R, Overkemping A, Paiano S, Palatiello M, Paneque D, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Paredes-Fortuny X, Persic M, Poutanen J, Moroni PGP, Prandini E, Puljak I, Reinthal R, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Garcia JR, Rügamer S, Saito T, Saito K, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schultz C, Schweizer T, Shore SN, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Snidaric I, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamatescu V, Stamerra A, Steinbring T, Storz J, Strzys M, Takalo L, Takami H, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Terzić T, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Thaele J, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Toyama T, Treves A, Uellenbeck M, Vogler P, Zanin R, Kadler M, Schulz R, Ros E, Bach U, Krauß F, Wilms J. Black hole lightning due to particle acceleration at subhorizon scales. Science 2014; 346:1080-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1256183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Aleksić
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Ansoldi
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L. A. Antonelli
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Antoranz
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A. Babic
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P. Bangale
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | | | - J. Becerra González
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Present address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, and Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - E. Bernardini
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - B. Biasuzzi
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Biland
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O. Blanch
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Bonnefoy
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G. Bonnoli
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Borracci
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - T. Bretz
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Present address: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E. Carmona
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Carosi
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Colin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - E. Colombo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - J. Cortina
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. Covino
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Da Vela
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F. Dazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - A. De Angelis
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. De Caneva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - B. De Lotto
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - C. Delgado Mendez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Dominis Prester
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D. Dorner
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Doro
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S. Einecke
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | - L. Font
- Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and Centro de Estudios e Investigación Espaciales-Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - K. Frantzen
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C. Fruck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - D. Galindo
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. J. García López
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. Garczarczyk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D. Garrido Terrats
- Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and Centro de Estudios e Investigación Espaciales-Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Gaug
- Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Departament de Física, and Centro de Estudios e Investigación Espaciales-Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - N. Godinović
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A. González Muñoz
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S. R. Gozzini
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D. Hadasch
- Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Present address: Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Y. Hanabata
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - M. Hayashida
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J. Herrera
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - J. Hose
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - D. Hrupec
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - W. Idec
- University of Łódz', PL-90236 Lodz, Poland
| | - V. Kadenius
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - H. Kellermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - K. Kodani
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Y. Konno
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J. Krause
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - H. Kubo
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J. Kushida
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - A. La Barbera
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - D. Lelas
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - E. Lindfors
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
- Present address: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), Turku, Finland
| | - S. Lombardi
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Longo
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. López
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R. López-Coto
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - A. López-Oramas
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - I. Lozano
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Makariev
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K. Mallot
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - G. Maneva
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N. Mankuzhiyil
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- Present address: Astrophysics Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - K. Mannheim
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - L. Maraschi
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - B. Marcote
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Mariotti
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Martínez
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D. Mazin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - U. Menzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - J. M. Miranda
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - R. Mirzoyan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - A. Moralejo
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P. Munar-Adrover
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D. Nakajima
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - K. Nilsson
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
- Present address: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), Turku, Finland
| | - K. Nishijima
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - K. Noda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - R. Orito
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - A. Overkemping
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S. Paiano
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Palatiello
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Paneque
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - R. Paoletti
- Università di Siena and INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - J. M. Paredes
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Paredes-Fortuny
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Persic
- Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy, and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)-Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J. Poutanen
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - I. Puljak
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R. Reinthal
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - W. Rhode
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Ribó
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Rico
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - S. Rügamer
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - T. Saito
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - K. Saito
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - V. Scalzotto
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - V. Scapin
- Universidad Complutense, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Schultz
- Università di Padova and INFN, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T. Schweizer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - S. N. Shore
- Università di Pisa and INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Sillanpää
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - J. Sitarek
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - I. Snidaric
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - F. Spanier
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - V. Stamatescu
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Present address: School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - A. Stamerra
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | | | - J. Storz
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Strzys
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - L. Takalo
- Finnish MAGIC Consortium, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku and Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - H. Takami
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - F. Tavecchio
- INAF National Institute for Astrophysics, I-00136 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Temnikov
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T. Terzić
- Croatian MAGIC Consortium, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka and University of Split, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D. Tescaro
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. Teshima
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
- Japanese MAGIC Consortium, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - J. Thaele
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - O. Tibolla
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. F. Torres
- ICREA and Institute of Space Sciences, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Toyama
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, D-80805 München, Germany
| | - A. Treves
- Università dell’Insubria and INFN Milano Bicocca, Como, I-22100 Como, Italy
| | - M. Uellenbeck
- Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - P. Vogler
- ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R. Zanin
- Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya-Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Kadler
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R. Schulz
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - E. Ros
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
- Departament d’Astronomia i Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - U. Bach
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Krauß
- Universität Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Astronomisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany
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Ackermann M, Ajello M, Allafort A, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bottacini E, Brandt TJ, Bregeon J, Brigida M, Bruel P, Buehler R, Busetto G, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Celik O, Charles E, Chaty S, Chaves RCG, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Chiaro G, Cillis AN, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Corbel S, Cutini S, D'Ammando F, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Dermer CD, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Drlica-Wagner A, Falletti L, Favuzzi C, Ferrara EC, Franckowiak A, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Germani S, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Giroletti M, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guiriec S, Hadasch D, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hayashi K, Hays E, Hewitt JW, Hill AB, Hughes RE, Jackson MS, Jogler T, Johannesson G, Johnson AS, Kamae T, Kataoka J, Katsuta J, Knodlseder J, Kuss M, Lande J, Larsson S, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Massaro F, Mayer M, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Mehault J, Michelson PF, Mignani RP, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nemmen R, Nuss E, Ohno M, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orienti M, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Perkins JS, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pivato G, Raino S, Rando R, Razzano M, Razzaque S, Reimer A, Reimer O, Ritz S, Romoli C, Sanchez-Conde M, Schulz A, Sgro C, Simeon PE, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stecker FW, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thayer JB, Thompson DJ, Thorsett SE, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Tinivella M, Troja E, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vandenbroucke J, Vasileiou V, Vianello G, Vitale V, Waite AP, Werner M, Winer BL, Wood KS, Wood M, Yamazaki R, Yang Z, Zimmer S. Detection of the Characteristic Pion-Decay Signature in Supernova Remnants. Science 2013; 339:807-11. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1231160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kaufmann S, Wagner S, Tibolla O. Broadband variability of TeV BL Lac objects. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abramowski A, Acero F, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barnacka A, de Almeida UB, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Becker J, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Bordas P, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bulik T, Büsching I, Carrigan S, Casanova S, Cerruti M, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Conrad J, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Eger P, Espigat P, Fallon L, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fernandes MV, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Förster A, Füssling M, Gallant YA, Gast H, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göring D, Hague JD, Hampf D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jamrozy M, Jung I, Kastendieck MA, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Keogh D, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Kossakowski R, Laffon H, Lamanna G, Lennarz D, Lohse T, Lopatin A, Lu CC, Marandon V, Marcowith A, Masbou J, Maurin D, Maxted N, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Méhault J, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann CL, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nguyen N, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, Wilhelmi EDO, Opitz B, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Arribas MP, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer A, Reimer O, Renaud M, de los Reyes R, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Ryde F, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schönwald A, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spengler G, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Sushch I, Szostek A, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, Valerius K, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Viana A, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Vorobiov S, Vorster M, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Wierzcholska A, Zajczyk A, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Zechlin HS. Search for a dark matter annihilation signal from the galactic center halo with H.E.S.S. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:161301. [PMID: 21599352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.161301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A search for a very-high-energy (VHE; ≥100 GeV) γ-ray signal from self-annihilating particle dark matter (DM) is performed towards a region of projected distance r∼45-150 pc from the Galactic center. The background-subtracted γ-ray spectrum measured with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) γ-ray instrument in the energy range between 300 GeV and 30 TeV shows no hint of a residual γ-ray flux. Assuming conventional Navarro-Frenk-White and Einasto density profiles, limits are derived on the velocity-weighted annihilation cross section (σv) as a function of the DM particle mass. These are among the best reported so far for this energy range and in particular differ only little between the chosen density profile parametrizations. In particular, for the DM particle mass of ∼1 TeV, values for (σv) above 3×10(-25) cm(3) s(-1) are excluded for the Einasto density profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramowski
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Buson S, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Çelik Ö, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cognard I, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Espinoza C, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Focke WB, Fortin P, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giavitto G, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jackson MS, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Katsuta J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Kramer M, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Lyne AG, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Mazziotta MN, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nakamori T, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Noutsos A, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Porter TA, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Parkinson PMS, Scargle JD, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Stappers BW, Stecker FW, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Theureau G, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Vasileiou V, Venter C, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Yamazaki R, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Gamma-Ray Emission from the Shell of Supernova Remnant W44 Revealed by the Fermi LAT. Science 2010; 327:1103-6. [PMID: 20056857 DOI: 10.1126/science.1182787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Abdo
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - M. Ackermann
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Ajello
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L. Baldini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Ballet
- Laboratoire Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)–Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers (IRFU)/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - G. Barbiellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I–34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I–34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. G. Baring
- Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS–108, Post Office Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - D. Bastieri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy
| | - B. M. Baughman
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K. Bechtol
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Bellazzini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B. Berenji
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. D. Blandford
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. D. Bloom
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. Bonamente
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A. W. Borgland
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. Bregeon
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Brez
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Brigida
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - P. Bruel
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Palaiseau, France
| | - T. H. Burnett
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1560, USA
| | - S. Buson
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G. A. Caliandro
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R. A. Cameron
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. A. Caraveo
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), I–20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J. M. Casandjian
- Laboratoire Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)–Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers (IRFU)/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - C. Cecchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ö. Çelik
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - A. Chekhtman
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - C. C. Cheung
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - J. Chiang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Ciprini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - R. Claus
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - I. Cognard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chemie de l'Environnement (LPCE), LPCE UMR 6115 CNRS, F–45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France, and Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU), F–18330 Nançay, France
| | - J. Cohen-Tanugi
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - L. R. Cominsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928–3609, USA
| | - J. Conrad
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Cutini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I–00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - C. D. Dermer
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - A. de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I–33100 Udine, Italy
| | - F. de Palma
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. W. Digel
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. do Couto e Silva
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. S. Drell
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - R. Dubois
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. Dumora
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - C. Espinoza
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - C. Farnier
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - C. Favuzzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - S. J. Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Palaiseau, France
| | - W. B. Focke
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. Fortin
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Palaiseau, France
| | - M. Frailis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I–33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Y. Fukazawa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan
| | - S. Funk
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. Fusco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Gargano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D. Gasparrini
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I–00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy
| | - N. Gehrels
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S. Germani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G. Giavitto
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, and Università di Trieste, I–34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - B. Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Palaiseau, France
| | - N. Giglietto
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F. Giordano
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - T. Glanzman
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G. Godfrey
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - I. A. Grenier
- Laboratoire Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)–Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers (IRFU)/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M.-H. Grondin
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - J. E. Grove
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - L. Guillemot
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - S. Guiriec
- University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Y. Hanabata
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan
| | - A. K. Harding
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - M. Hayashida
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E. Hays
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - R. E. Hughes
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M. S. Jackson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G. Jóhannesson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. S. Johnson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. J. Johnson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - W. N. Johnson
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - T. Kamae
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H. Katagiri
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan
| | - J. Kataoka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152–8551, Japan
- Waseda University, 1-104 Totsukamachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169–8050, Japan
| | - J. Katsuta
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229–8510, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
| | - N. Kawai
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152–8551, Japan
- Cosmic Radiation Laboratory, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama 351–0198, Japan
| | - M. Kerr
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1560, USA
| | - J. Knödlseder
- Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), BP 44346, F–30128 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - M. L. Kocian
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Kramer
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Kuss
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J. Lande
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - L. Latronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M. Lemoine-Goumard
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - F. Longo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I–34127 Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I–34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Loparco
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B. Lott
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - M. N. Lovellette
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - P. Lubrano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A. G. Lyne
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - G. M. Madejski
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Makeev
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - M. N. Mazziotta
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - J. E. McEnery
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - C. Meurer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928–3609, USA
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. F. Michelson
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - W. Mitthumsiri
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Mizuno
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan
| | - C. Monte
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. E. Monzani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Morselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I–00133 Roma, Italy
| | - I. V. Moskalenko
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - S. Murgia
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. Nakamori
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152–8551, Japan
| | - P. L. Nolan
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. P. Norris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - A. Noutsos
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - E. Nuss
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - T. Ohsugi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan
| | - N. Omodei
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. Orlando
- Max-Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J. F. Ormes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - D. Paneque
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. Parent
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - V. Pelassa
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - M. Pepe
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M. Pesce-Rollins
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Piron
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, Montpellier, France
| | - T. A. Porter
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - S. Rainò
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Rando
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M. Razzano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A–6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O. Reimer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A–6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Reposeur
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - L. S. Rochester
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - A. Y. Rodriguez
- Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R. W. Romani
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Roth
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195–1560, USA
| | - F. Ryde
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H. F.-W. Sadrozinski
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - D. Sanchez
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École Polytechnique, CNRS/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3), Palaiseau, France
| | - A. Sander
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - P. M. Saz Parkinson
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - J. D. Scargle
- Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035–1000, USA
| | - C. Sgrò
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E. J. Siskind
- NYCB Real-Time Computing Incorporated, Lattingtown, NY 11560–1025, USA
| | - D. A. Smith
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan, France
- Centre d'Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS/IN2P3, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, France
| | - P. D. Smith
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - G. Spandre
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Pisa, I–56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell'Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I–70126 Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - B. W. Stappers
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - F. W. Stecker
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - M. S. Strickman
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - D. J. Suson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323–2094, USA
| | - H. Tajima
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - H. Takahashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan
| | - T. Takahashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229–8510, Japan
| | - T. Tanaka
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. B. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J. G. Thayer
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - G. Theureau
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chemie de l'Environnement (LPCE), LPCE UMR 6115 CNRS, F–45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France, and Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU), F–18330 Nançay, France
| | - D. J. Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - L. Tibaldo
- Laboratoire Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA)–Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers (IRFU)/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I–35131 Padova, Italy
| | - O. Tibolla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D–69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. F. Torres
- Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Tosti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I–06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A. Tramacere
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), I–10133 Torino, Italy
| | - Y. Uchiyama
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - T. L. Usher
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - V. Vasileiou
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - C. Venter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - N. Vilchez
- Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), BP 44346, F–30128 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - V. Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I–00133 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I–00133 Roma, Italy
| | - A. P. Waite
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - P. Wang
- W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - B. L. Winer
- Department of Physics, Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K. S. Wood
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - R. Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739–8526, Japan
| | - T. Ylinen
- The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, SE–391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - M. Ziegler
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Acero F, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Fegan S, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füßling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Hofverberg P, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Klochkov D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Kossakowski R, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Masbou J, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Méhault J, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, Wilhelmi EDO, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Arribas MP, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Reimer O, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Detection of Gamma Rays from a Starburst Galaxy. Science 2009; 326:1080-2. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1178826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Acero
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - F. Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A. G. Akhperjanian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G. Anton
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - A. R. Bazer-Bachi
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Y. Becherini
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - B. Behera
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Bernlöhr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Bochow
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Boisson
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. Bolmont
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - V. Borrel
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - J. Brucker
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F. Brun
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - P. Brun
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - R. Bühler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Bulik
- Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I. Büsching
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - T. Boutelier
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P. M. Chadwick
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. Charbonnier
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R. C. G. Chaves
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Cheesebrough
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - L.-M. Chounet
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A. C. Clapson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Coignet
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M. Dalton
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. K. Daniel
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - I. D. Davids
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - B. Degrange
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C. Deil
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. J. Dickinson
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. Djannati-Ataï
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - W. Domainko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L. O’C. Drury
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - F. Dubois
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Dubus
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Dyks
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Dyrda
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - K. Egberts
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Emmanoulopoulos
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Espigat
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - C. Farnier
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S. Fegan
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F. Feinstein
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - A. Fiasson
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A. Förster
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Fontaine
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M. Füßling
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Gabici
- Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Y. A. Gallant
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - L. Gérard
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - D. Gerbig
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - B. Giebels
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J. F. Glicenstein
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - B. Glück
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P. Goret
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - D. Göring
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Hauser
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Hauser
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Heinz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Heinzelmann
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G. Henri
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - G. Hermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. A. Hinton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A. Hoffmann
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W. Hofmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Hofverberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Hoppe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Horns
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Jacholkowska
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - O. C. de Jager
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - C. Jahn
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - I. Jung
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K. Katarzyński
- Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - U. Katz
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Kaufmann
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Kerschhaggl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Khangulyan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Khélifi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D. Keogh
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - D. Klochkov
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - W. Kluźniak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Kneiske
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nu. Komin
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - K. Kosack
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Kossakowski
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Lamanna
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - J.-P. Lenain
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - T. Lohse
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - V. Marandon
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - O. Martineau-Huynh
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - A. Marcowith
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - J. Masbou
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - D. Maurin
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - T. J. L. McComb
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M. C. Medina
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. Méhault
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - R. Moderski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Moulin
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - M. Naumann-Godo
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M. de Naurois
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - D. Nedbal
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holesovickách 2, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Nekrassov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Nicholas
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J. Niemiec
- Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - S. J. Nolan
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - S. Ohm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-F. Olive
- Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - E. de Oña Wilhelmi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. J. Orford
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - M. Ostrowski
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Panter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Paz Arribas
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G. Pedaletti
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Pelletier
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P.-O. Petrucci
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - S. Pita
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - G. Pühlhofer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Punch
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - A. Quirrenbach
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. C. Raubenheimer
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - M. Raue
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S. M. Rayner
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - O. Reimer
- Institut für Astro und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, A6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- KIPAC Kavli Institute for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M. Renaud
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - F. Rieger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Associated Laboratory for Gamma-Ray Astronomy, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - J. Ripken
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - L. Rob
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holesovickách 2, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S. Rosier-Lees
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - G. Rowell
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - B. Rudak
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C. B. Rulten
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - J. Ruppel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - V. Sahakian
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers Street, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A. Santangelo
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - R. Schlickeiser
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - F. M. Schöck
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - U. Schwanke
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schwarzburg
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S. Schwemmer
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Shalchi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M. Sikora
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. L. Skilton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H. Sol
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - Ł. Stawarz
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - R. Steenkamp
- University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - C. Stegmann
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F. Stinzing
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Physikalisches Institut, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, D 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Superina
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A. Szostek
- Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers/CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Orla 171, 30-244 Kraków, Poland
| | - P. H. Tam
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J.-P. Tavernet
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - R. Terrier
- Astroparticule et Cosmologie (APC), CNRS, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. UMR 7164 (CNRS, Université Paris VII, CEA, Observatoire de Paris)
| | - O. Tibolla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Tluczykont
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, D 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. van Eldik
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Vasileiadis
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS/IN2P3, CC 70, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - C. Venter
- Unit for Space Physics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - L. Venter
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
| | - J. P. Vialle
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - P. Vincent
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - M. Vivier
- Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers/La Direction des Sciences de la Matière/Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique, CE Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - H. J. Völk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F. Volpe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. J. Wagner
- Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, D 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Ward
- University of Durham, Department of Physics, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A. A. Zdziarski
- Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Zech
- Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Anderson B, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Baring MG, Bastieri D, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Bignami GF, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Celik O, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Conrad J, Cutini S, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Luca A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Dormody M, do Couto e Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Fegan SJ, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giommi P, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Gwon C, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson RP, Johnson TJ, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocian ML, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Marelli M, Mazziotta MN, McConville W, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Monte C, Monzani ME, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Paneque D, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Pierbattista M, Piron F, Porter TA, Primack JR, Rainò S, Rando R, Ray PS, Razzano M, Rea N, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Sgrò C, Siskind EJ, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Strickman MS, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Van Etten A, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wang P, Watters K, Winer BL, Wolff MT, Wood KS, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Detection of 16 gamma-ray pulsars through blind frequency searches using the Fermi LAT. Science 2009; 325:840-4. [PMID: 19574346 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pulsars are rapidly rotating, highly magnetized neutron stars emitting radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum. Although there are more than 1800 known radio pulsars, until recently only seven were observed to pulse in gamma rays, and these were all discovered at other wavelengths. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) makes it possible to pinpoint neutron stars through their gamma-ray pulsations. We report the detection of 16 gamma-ray pulsars in blind frequency searches using the LAT. Most of these pulsars are coincident with previously unidentified gamma-ray sources, and many are associated with supernova remnants. Direct detection of gamma-ray pulsars enables studies of emission mechanisms, population statistics, and the energetics of pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Abdo
- Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Acciari VA, Aliu E, Arlen T, Bautista M, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bradbury SM, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Butt Y, Byrum K, Cannon A, Celik O, Cesarini A, Chow YC, Ciupik L, Cogan P, Cui W, Dickherber R, Fegan SJ, Finley JP, Fortin P, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gall D, Gillanders GH, Grube J, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Horan D, Hui CM, Humensky TB, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kieda D, Kildea J, Konopelko A, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, LeBohec S, Maier G, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Millis J, Moriarty P, Ong RA, Otte AN, Pandel D, Perkins JS, Petry D, Pohl M, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Roache E, Roache E, Rose HJ, Schroedter M, Sembroski GH, Smith AW, Swordy SP, Theiling M, Toner JA, Varlotta A, Vincent S, Wakely SP, Ward JE, Weekes TC, Weinstein A, Williams DA, Wissel S, Wood M, Walker RC, Davies F, Hardee PE, Junor W, Ly C, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göhring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Paz Arribas M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Anderhub H, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Balestra S, Barrio JA, Bastieri D, Becerra González J, Becker JK, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Biland A, Bock RK, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Borla Tridon D, Bosch-Ramon V, Bose D, Braun I, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Costado MT, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Cea del Pozo E, Delgado Mendez C, De los Reyes R, De Lotto B, De Maria M, De Sabata F, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsaesser D, Errando M, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Firpo R, Fonseca MV, Font L, Galante N, García López RJ, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Hildebrand D, Höhne-Mönch D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Miyamoto H, Moldón J, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna RG, Perez-Torres MA, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Reichardt I, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito TY, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shore SN, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Wagner RM, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J. Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy. Science 2009; 325:444-8. [PMID: 19574351 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abdo AA, Ackermann M, Ajello M, Atwood WB, Axelsson M, Baldini L, Ballet J, Barbiellini G, Bastieri D, Battelino M, Baughman BM, Bechtol K, Bellazzini R, Berenji B, Blandford RD, Bloom ED, Bogaert G, Bonamente E, Borgland AW, Bregeon J, Brez A, Brigida M, Bruel P, Burnett TH, Caliandro GA, Cameron RA, Caraveo PA, Carlson P, Casandjian JM, Cecchi C, Charles E, Chekhtman A, Cheung CC, Chiang J, Ciprini S, Claus R, Cohen-Tanugi J, Cominsky LR, Conrad J, Cutini S, Dermer CD, de Angelis A, de Palma F, Digel SW, Di Bernardo G, do Couto E Silva E, Drell PS, Dubois R, Dumora D, Edmonds Y, Farnier C, Favuzzi C, Focke WB, Frailis M, Fukazawa Y, Funk S, Fusco P, Gaggero D, Gargano F, Gasparrini D, Gehrels N, Germani S, Giebels B, Giglietto N, Giordano F, Glanzman T, Godfrey G, Grasso D, Grenier IA, Grondin MH, Grove JE, Guillemot L, Guiriec S, Hanabata Y, Harding AK, Hartman RC, Hayashida M, Hays E, Hughes RE, Jóhannesson G, Johnson AS, Johnson RP, Johnson WN, Kamae T, Katagiri H, Kataoka J, Kawai N, Kerr M, Knödlseder J, Kocevski D, Kuehn F, Kuss M, Lande J, Latronico L, Lemoine-Goumard M, Longo F, Loparco F, Lott B, Lovellette MN, Lubrano P, Madejski GM, Makeev A, Massai MM, Mazziotta MN, McConville W, McEnery JE, Meurer C, Michelson PF, Mitthumsiri W, Mizuno T, Moiseev AA, Monte C, Monzani ME, Moretti E, Morselli A, Moskalenko IV, Murgia S, Nolan PL, Norris JP, Nuss E, Ohsugi T, Omodei N, Orlando E, Ormes JF, Ozaki M, Paneque D, Panetta JH, Parent D, Pelassa V, Pepe M, Pesce-Rollins M, Piron F, Pohl M, Porter TA, Profumo S, Rainò S, Rando R, Razzano M, Reimer A, Reimer O, Reposeur T, Ritz S, Rochester LS, Rodriguez AY, Romani RW, Roth M, Ryde F, Sadrozinski HFW, Sanchez D, Sander A, Saz Parkinson PM, Scargle JD, Schalk TL, Sellerholm A, Sgrò C, Smith DA, Smith PD, Spandre G, Spinelli P, Starck JL, Stephens TE, Strickman MS, Strong AW, Suson DJ, Tajima H, Takahashi H, Takahashi T, Tanaka T, Thayer JB, Thayer JG, Thompson DJ, Tibaldo L, Tibolla O, Torres DF, Tosti G, Tramacere A, Uchiyama Y, Usher TL, Van Etten A, Vasileiou V, Vilchez N, Vitale V, Waite AP, Wallace E, Wang P, Winer BL, Wood KS, Ylinen T, Ziegler M. Measurement of the cosmic ray e+ +e- spectrum from 20 GeV to 1 TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:181101. [PMID: 19518855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.181101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Designed as a high-sensitivity gamma-ray observatory, the Fermi Large Area Telescope is also an electron detector with a large acceptance exceeding 2 m;{2} sr at 300 GeV. Building on the gamma-ray analysis, we have developed an efficient electron detection strategy which provides sufficient background rejection for measurement of the steeply falling electron spectrum up to 1 TeV. Our high precision data show that the electron spectrum falls with energy as E-3.0 and does not exhibit prominent spectral features. Interpretations in terms of a conventional diffusive model as well as a potential local extra component are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Abdo
- National Research Council Research Associate and Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Benbow W, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bochow A, Borrel V, Braun I, Brion E, Brucker J, Brun P, Brucker R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Costamante L, Dalton M, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Fontaine G, Füsling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina C, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons at TeV energies. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:261104. [PMID: 19437632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.261104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The very large collection area of ground-based gamma-ray telescopes gives them a substantial advantage over balloon or satellite based instruments in the detection of very-high-energy (>600 GeV) cosmic-ray electrons. Here we present the electron spectrum derived from data taken with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. In this measurement, the first of this type, we are able to extend the measurement of the electron spectrum beyond the range accessible to direct measurements. We find evidence for a substantial steepening in the energy spectrum above 600 GeV compared to lower energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, P.O. Box 103980, D 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bernlöhr K, Boisson C, Bochow A, Borrel V, Braun I, Brion E, Brucker J, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Carrigan S, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Costamante L, Dalton M, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Hadjichristidis C, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina C, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Osborne JL, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Superina G, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A. Limits on an energy dependence of the speed of light from a flare of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:170402. [PMID: 18999724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.170402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, several models have predicted an energy dependence of the speed of light in the context of quantum gravity. For cosmological sources such as active galaxies, this minuscule effect can add up to measurable photon-energy dependent time lags. In this Letter a search for such time lags during the High Energy Stereoscopic System observations of the exceptional very high energy flare of the active galaxy PKS 2155-304 on 28 July 2006 is presented. Since no significant time lag is found, lower limits on the energy scale of speed of light modifications are derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aharonian
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
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