Use of tissue samples in diagnosing diploid triploid mosaicism

Diploid triploid mosaicism (DTM) is a rare genetic condition where there is an extra haploid set of chromosomes in mosaic form. We describe an infant for whom DTM was detected antenatally through amniocentesis. Prenatal counselling suggested a guarded prognosis. The infant's phenotypic presentation and postnatal course reflect the varied presentation and prognosis associated with DTM. We highlight potential challenges in diagnosing DTM postnatally, with many having normal blood karyotype with 46 chromosomes.

In-hospital stroke: characteristics and outcomes

In-hospital stroke (IS) made up 6.5% of strokes recorded in the Irish National Stroke Register in 2012. International research has demonstrated poorer outcomes post IS compared to out of hospital stroke (OS). We aimed to profile all IS and OS over a 22 month period and compare the two groups by gathering data from the HIPE portal stroke register. The study site is a primary stroke centre. IS represented 11% (50/458) of total strokes with over half (27/50, 54%) admitted initially with medical complaints. IS patients had a significantly longer length of stay (79.2 +/- 87.4 days vs. 21.9 +/- 45.9 days, p < 0.01) and higher mortality (13/50 vs. 39/408, p < 0.01). Patients in the IS group were also less likely to receive stroke unit care (1/50 vs. 136/408, p < 0.01). This study demonstrates the significant morbidity and mortality associated with IS and highlights the need for efforts to be made to optimize identification and management of acute stroke in this cohort.