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Theegarten D, Tötsch M, Worm K, Darwiche K, Anhenn O, Wohlschläger J. [Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis using Ziehl-Neelsen stain and polymerase chain reaction]. Pathologe 2014; 34:305-9. [PMID: 23503854 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-013-1759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Definitive diagnosis of unclear pulmonary lesions is mainly based on morphological methods. In addition to a neoplasm, inflammatory reactions, in particular tuberculosis (TB), have to be considered in most cases. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine whether established methods used in general pathology can be efficiently used with cytological material. MATERIALS AND METHODS An established polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mtc) DNA in fixed specimens was conducted on fixed material available as an assay for liquid-based cytology (LBC). CytoLyt®-fixed material of 45 patients with clinically suspected TB or other mycobacteriosis were selected and were initially tested cytologically. In cases of absent tumor cells, PCR for detection of Mtc DNA and Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN) were performed. RESULTS In 9 patients (20 %), Mtc DNA was found by PCR. The following methods were used to obtain material: catheter biopsy (5), needle biopsy (2), transbronchial needle aspiration (1), and bronchoalveolar lavage (1). Cytologically an inflammatory reaction was observed in all cases. In 2 patients, a history of TB, in 2 further cases either silicosis or a posttransplant situation was known. In cases with a positive PCR, 7 patients (78 %) were positive in ZN and 3 patients (33.3 %) in TB culture (15.5 % vs. 6.7 % of the total cohort); however, the material used for investigation was not always from identical sources, respectively. In 36 out of 45 patients, both PCR and ZN were negative for the detection of Mtc DNA. CONCLUSION The material intended for LBC can be used for detection of TB with ZN and Mtc PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Theegarten
- Institut für Pathologie and Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany.
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Anhenn O, Stamatis G, Theegarten D. Experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of human peribronchial gland cells in vitro. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 37:312-7. [PMID: 24047348 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2013.810685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a relevant agent of respiratory tract infections, especially in exacerbations of chronic lung diseases. Peribronchial submucosal glands are the main source of tracheobronchial mucus and therefore of major interest. The authors isolated and cultured human peribronchial gland cells and infected them with RSV. The course of infection was monitored by transmission electron, immuno-, and lectin fluorescence microscopy. Morphology shows virus factories with budding particles within cytoplasmatic vacuoles and virus release after 44 h of infection. Experimental infection of human peribronchial gland cells in primary culture appears to be a suitable model in pulmonary research.
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Sommerwerck U, Weinreich G, Anhenn O, Moraidis I, Kreuseler D, Wende W, Kamler M, Teschler H. Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen und Schlafcharakteristik nach Lungentransplantation. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Anhenn O, Rabis T, Sommerwerck U, Baumbach JI, Theegarten D, Darwiche K, Freitag L, Teschler H, Costabel U. Detektion volatiler organischer Komponenten in der Ausatemluft von Patienten mit Aspergillus-Besiedlung oder -Infektion und Exogen Allergischer Alveolitis. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kleibrink B, Rabis T, Anhenn O, Kamler M, Erbel R, Teschler H, Sommerwerck U. Pulmonale Hypertonie vor Lungentransplantation und mittleres Überleben bei COPD, Alpha-1-Antitrypsin-Mangel und Lungenfibrose. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Besa V, Theegarten D, Anhenn O, Kamler M, Teschler H, Sommerwerck U. Pulmonale kapilläre Hämangiomatose – Case report. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Funke F, Anhenn O, Freitag L, Theegarten D. Idiopathische pulmonale Vaskulitis Syndrome: Die Bedeutung der Frühdiagnose. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Theegarten D, Kikhney J, Petrich A, Anhenn O, Sommerwerck U, Welter S, Moter A. Bakterielle Biofilme in Bronchiektasen bei der primären ziliären Dyskinesie (PCD) im Vergleich zur cystischen Fibrose (CF). Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Infections play a crucial role in organ transplantations as possible complications. Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are potential agents. The relevance of individual diseases depends on the organ transplanted. Morphology of the inflammatory reaction is given by the agent involved, but often several reactions can be caused by the same agent and different agents can also lead to the same reaction. Histology therefore provides concrete identification of the causal agent only in some cases, such that additional microbiological diagnostics are necessary. Results from these investigations should be transferred to the pathologist to distinguish between infection-associated changes and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Theegarten
- Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
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Besa V, Darwiche K, Bödeker B, Sommerwerck U, Anhenn O, Baumbach J, Freitag L. Flüchtige organische Verbindungen in COPD. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sommerwerck U, Anhenn O, Rabis T, Darwiche K, Freitag L, Kamler M, Jakob H, Baumbach J, Bödeker B, Teschler H. Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie - ist eine nichtinvasive Diagnose des Bronchiolitis-obliterans-Syndroms möglich? Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rabis T, Sommerwerck U, Anhenn O, Bödeker B, Baumbach J, Kamler M, Jakob H, Teschler H. Ionenmobilitätsspektrometrie vor und nach Lungentransplantation. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anhenn O, Sommerwerck U, Rabis T, Baumbach J, Bödeker B, Darwiche K, Freitag L, Teschler H. Nicht-invasive Identifikation verschiedener Erreger in der Atemluft durch Ionen-Mobilitäts-Spektrometrie. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Theegarten D, Boukercha S, Philippou S, Anhenn O. Submesothelial deposition of carbon nanoparticles after toner exposition: case report. Diagn Pathol 2010; 5:77. [PMID: 21126365 PMCID: PMC3014887 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-5-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of carbon nanoparticles (CNP) from toner dust has been shown to have impact on the respiratory health of persons exposed. Office printers are known emitters of CNP. We report about a female open office worker who developed weight loss and diarrhoea. Laparoscopy done for suspected endometriosis surprisingly revealed black spots within the peritoneum. Submesothelial aggregates of CNP with a diameter of 31-67 nm were found by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in these tissue specimens. Colon biopsies showed inflammatory bowel disease with typically signs of Crohn disease, but no dust deposits. Transport of CNP via lymphatic and blood vessels after inhalation in the lungs has to be assumed. In this case respiratory symptoms were not reported, therefore no lung function tests were done. We have shown that workers with toner dust exposure from laser printers can develop submesothelial deposition of CNP in the peritoneum. Impact of toner dust exposure on the respiratory health of office workers, as suspected in other studies, has to be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
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Theegarten D, Anhenn O, Tötsch M, Costabel U. IPF oder nicht IPF: Eine kritische Reevaluation klinischer und radiologischer Befunde sowie eine histologische Referenzbegutachtung sind notwendig. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Theegarten D, Rugor K, Anhenn O, Kamler M, Moter A. Pseudomonas Kolonisation in Lungenexplantaten bei der zystischen Fibrose. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Theegarten D, Wohlschläger J, Krbek T, Tintelnot K, Anhenn O. Positiver pulmonaler PET-CT-Herd bei einem Bauingenieur. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cui A, Anhenn O, Theegarten D, Ohshimo S, Bonella F, Sixt SU, Peters J, Sarria R, Guzman J, Costabel U. Angiogenic and angiostatic chemokines in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and granulomatous lung disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 80:372-8. [PMID: 19816001 DOI: 10.1159/000245332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis-angiostasis balance and leukocyte recruitment are influenced by different concentrations of distinct chemokines. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relative contribution of angiogenic and angiostatic CXC chemokines to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and granulomatous lung diseases, we examined the in vitro production of an angiogenic chemokine (IL-8), and 2 angiostatic chemokines (IP-10 and MIG) by alveolar macrophages. METHODS Alveolar macrophages from 16 patients with granulomatous lung diseases [8 with sarcoidosis, 8 with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA)], 16 patients with IPF, and 8 control subjects were cultured for 24 h. IL-8, IL-18, IP-10 and MIG in the culture supernatants were measured by a fluorescent bead-based multiplex technique. RESULTS In IPF patients, IL-8 was increased and correlated with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophils, whereas the levels of IP-10 and MIG were normal. In sarcoidosis and EAA patients, IL-8, IP-10, and MIG were all increased and IP-10 and MIG correlated with IL-18, a Th1 cytokine, and the percentage and number of BAL lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS The difference in the expression of CXC chemokines and a Th1 cytokine may contribute to the different immunopathogenesis, clinical course and responsiveness to treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Cui
- Pneumology and Allergology, Ruhrlandklinik, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Tueschener Weg 40, Essen, Germany
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Theegarten D, Worm K, Anhenn O, Kamler M, Sommerwerck U, Tötsch M. Primäres pulmonales Adenokarzinom nach bilateraler Lungentransplantation. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Theegarten D, Worm K, Bauer PC, Anhenn O, Tötsch M. Tuberkulosediagnostik mittels Ziehl-Neelsen-Färbung und PCR an fixiertem zytologischem Material. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1213882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Theegarten D, Ladwig G, Philippou S, Anhenn O. Submesotheliale Deposition von Kohlenstoff-Nanopartikeln nach Tonerstaubexposition: Ultrastrukturelle Befunde. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1213852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Theegarten D, Müller H, Tötsch M, Anhenn O, Guzman y Rotaeche J, Costabel U. Interdisziplinäre Fallevaluation als notwendiges Instrument zur Diagnostik idiopathischer interstitieller Pneumonien. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1213807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wagner M, Kaehler D, Anhenn O, Betz T, Awad S, Shamaa A, Theegarten D, Linder R. Nanostructural analysis by atomic force microscopy followed by light microscopy on the same archival slide. Microsc Res Tech 2009; 72:471-81. [PMID: 19208390 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Integrated information on ultrastructural surface texture and chemistry increasingly plays a role in the biomedical sciences. Light microscopy provides access to biochemical data by the application of dyes. Ultrastructural representation of the surface structure of tissues, cells, or macromolecules can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). However, SEM often requires gold or coal coating of biological samples, which makes a combined examination by light microscopy and SEM difficult. Conventional histochemical staining methods are not easily applicable to biological material subsequent to such treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) gives access to surface textures down to ultrastructural dimensions without previous coating of the sample. A combination of AFM with conventional histochemical staining protocols for light microscopy on a single slide is therefore presented. Unstained cores were examined using AFM (tapping mode) and subsequently stained histochemically. The images obtained by AFM were compared with the results of histochemistry. AFM technology did not interfere with any of the histochemical staining protocols. Ultrastructurally analyzed regions could be identified in light microscopy and histochemical properties of ultrastructurally determined regions could be seen. AFM-generated ultrastructural information with subsequent staining gives way to novel findings in the biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Wagner
- Institute of General and Special Pathology, University of Saarland Medical School, Homburg Saar, Germany.
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Anhenn O, Bexten T, Stamatis G, Theegarten D. Korrelationen zwischen immunkompetenten, epithelialen und Chlamydia psittaci-Antigen positiven Zellen beim Emphysem sprechen für eine pathogenetische Relevanz dieses Erregers. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Theegarten D, Sachse K, Mentrup B, Fey K, Hotzel H, Anhenn O. Chlamydophila spp. infection in horses with recurrent airway obstruction: similarities to human chronic obstructive disease. Respir Res 2008; 9:14. [PMID: 18230187 PMCID: PMC2276488 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses is a naturally occurring dust-induced disease mainly characterized by bronchiolitis which shows histological and pathophysiological similarities to human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In human COPD previous investigations indicated an association with Chlamydophila psittaci infection. The present study was designed (1) to clarify a possible role of this infectious agent in RAO and (2) to investigate the suitability of this equine disorder as a model for human COPD. Methods Clinico-pathological parameters of a total of 45 horses (25 horses with clinical signs of RAO and 20 clinically healthy controls) were compared to histological findings in lung tissue samples and infection by Chlamydiaceae using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. Results Horses with clinical signs of RAO vs. controls revealed more inflammatory changes in histology (p = 0.01), and a higher detection rate of Chlamydia psittaci antigens in all cells (p < 0.001) and bronchiolar epithelial cells alone (p < 0.001) by immunohistochemistry. The abundance of chlamydial inclusions increased with the severity of disease. PCR was positive in 60% of horses with RAO vs. 45% of the controls (p = 0.316). OmpA sequencing identified Chlamydophila psittaci (n = 9) and Chlamydophila abortus (n = 13) in both groups with no significant differences. Within the group of clinically healthy horses subgroups with no changes (n = 15) and slight inflammation of the small airways (n = 5) were identified. Also in the group of animals with RAO subgroups with slight (n = 16) and severe (n = 9) bronchiolitis could be formed. These four subgroups can be separated in parts by the number of cells positive for Chlamydia psittaci antigens. Conclusion Chlamydophila psittaci or abortus were present in the lung of both clinically healthy horses and those with RAO. Immunohistochemistry revealed acute chlamydial infections with inflammation in RAO horses, whereas in clinically healthy animals mostly persistent chlamydial infection and no inflammatory reactions were seen. Stable dust as the known fundamental abiotic factor in RAO is comparable to smoking in human disease. These results show that RAO can be used as a model for human COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr, 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
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Walder G, Gritsch W, Wiedermann CJ, Pölzl G, Laufer G, Hotzel H, Berndt A, Pankuweit S, Theegarten D, Anhenn O, Oehme A, Dierich MP, Würzner R. Co-infection with two Chlamydophila species in a case of fulminant myocarditis*. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:623-6. [PMID: 17204998 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000254726.57339.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to describe a case of fulminant myocarditis caused by co-infection with Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila psittaci in order to facilitate diagnosis and clinical management of patients suffering from this rare but life-threatening condition. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Intensive care unit of Innsbruck Medical University. PATIENT A 24-yr-old patient admitted with septicemia and cardiac failure. INTERVENTIONS Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, extracorporal membrane oxygenation, implantation of an extracorporal cardiac assist device, and antibiotic treatment with erythromycin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Cp. pneumoniae and Cp. psittaci were identified by means of polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy in the patient's myocytes. Successful weaning off the ventricular assist device was performed within 2 wks after commencement of antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS This case report demonstrates co-infection with Cp. pneumoniae and Cp. psittaci to be a hitherto unknown cause of fulminant myocarditis. There is a particular risk of misdiagnosis of viral myocarditis, which must be avoided. Patients should be transferred to a center where extracorporal membrane oxygenation therapy and molecular diagnosis of all members of the family Chlamydiaceae are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Walder
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kauth M, Grage-Griebenow E, Rohde G, Anhenn O, Wiethege A, Schultze-Werninghaus G, Bufe A. Synergistically Upregulated Interleukin-10 Production in Cocultures of Monocytes and T Cells after Stimulation with Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 142:116-26. [PMID: 17057409 DOI: 10.1159/000096381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is known as a causal factor of severe bronchiolitis in young children. It has also been detected in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease that is associated with an increased number of T cells in the bronchial mucosa. Here, we investigated the potential direct interaction between RSV and T cells and its impact on cytokine response. METHODS Purified human peripheral blood T cells were stimulated with RSV in vitro and analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Cytokine expression and release were measured in T cell cultures and in cocultures with peripheral blood monocytes as well as with alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. RESULTS It was shown that RSV adhered to the surface of T cells. Stimulation of purified T cells with RSV led to a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA expression after 24 h. Moreover, in cocultures of T cells with monocytes or alveolar macrophages, IL-10 production was synergistically upregulated 24 h after stimulation with RSV. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RSV can cause an excessive IL-10 response leading to downregulation of antiviral defense mechanisms and reduced elimination of respiratory pathogens when antigen-presenting cells and T cells are simultaneously present on the site of infection. This effect may possibly contribute to high frequencies of respiratory pathogens found in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases associated with increased local T cell influx such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Kauth
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Theegarten D, Anhenn O, Rohde G. Die chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung ist eine multikausale Infektionskrankheit. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-934025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kasper-Sonnenberg M, Theegarten D, Anhenn O. Die Fluoreszenz-in situ-Hybridisierung (FisH) als Nachweismethode für Chlamydiaceae. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-922245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Theegarten D, Anhenn O, Sachse K, Reinhold P. Nachweis von Chlamydiaceae in den Lungen von Pferden und Schweinen. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-922244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Theegarten D, Linder R, Mayer S, Anhenn O, Ebsen M, Pöppl SJ, Schwarze J, Neesen J, Wagner M. Die MDHC7-/- Maus als Modell für eine defiziente Zilienfunktion im Rahmen der chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bexten T, Stamatis G, Anhenn O, Theegarten D. Quantitative Evaluation der Chlamydophila psittaci-Infektion bei drei verschiedenen Formen des Lungenemphysems. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Anhenn O, Bexten T, Stamatis G, Theegarten D. Quantitative evaluation of chlamydia psittaci infection in three different forms of pulmonary emphysema. Pneumologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-835938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ebsen M, Anhenn O. Ablauf der Infektion mit dem Respiratory Synzytial Virus (RSV) in der menschlichen Lunge. Pneumologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-835945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Theegarten D, Anhenn O, Hotzel H, Rohde G, Bexten T, Mertens JM, Stamatis G, Mogilevski G, Sachse K. Über die Rolle der Chlamydophila psittaci-Infektion bei der chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung. Pneumologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-835944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Theegarten D, Anhenn O, Hotzel H, Wagner M, Marra A, Stamatis G, Mogilevski G, Sachse K. A comparative ultrastructural and molecular biological study on Chlamydia psittaci infection in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and non-alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency emphysema versus lung tissue of patients with hamartochondroma. BMC Infect Dis 2004; 4:38. [PMID: 15383149 PMCID: PMC521078 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-4-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 09/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydiales are familiar causes of acute and chronic infections in humans and animals. Human pulmonary emphysema is a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a condition in which chronic inflammation manifested as bronchiolitis and intra-alveolar accumulation of macrophages is common. It is generally presumed to be of infectious origin. Previous investigations based on serology and immunohistochemistry indicated Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in cases of COPD. Furthermore, immunofluorescence with genus-specific antibodies and electron microscopy suggested involvement of chlamydial infection in most cases of pulmonary emphysema, but these findings could not be verified by PCR. Therefore, we examined the possibility of other chlamydial species being present in these patients. METHODS Tissue samples from patients having undergone lung volume reduction surgery for advanced alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD, n = 6) or non-alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency emphysema (n = 34) or wedge resection for hamartochondroma (n = 14) were examined by transmission electron microscopy and PCR. RESULTS In all cases of AATD and 79.4% of non-AATD, persistent chlamydial infection was detected by ultrastructural examination. Intra-alveolar accumulation of macrophages and acute as well as chronic bronchiolitis were seen in all positive cases. The presence of Chlamydia psittaci was demonstrated by PCR in lung tissue of 66.7% AATD vs. 29.0% non-AATD emphysema patients. Partial DNA sequencing of four positive samples confirmed the identity of the agent as Chlamydophila psittaci. In contrast, Chlamydophila pneumoniae was detected only in one AATD patient. Lung tissue of the control group of non-smokers with hamartochondroma was completely negative for chlamydial bodies by TEM or chlamydial DNA by PCR. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a role of Chlamydophila psittaci in pulmonary emphysema by linking this chronic inflammatory process to a chronic infectious condition. This raises interesting questions on pathogenesis and source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Olaf Anhenn
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Strasse 96 a, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias Wagner
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, D-45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Georgios Stamatis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, D-45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Grigori Mogilevski
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Konrad Sachse
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Strasse 96 a, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Sachse K, Grossmann E, Berndt A, Schütt C, Henning K, Theegarten D, Anhenn O, Reinhold P. Respiratory chlamydial infection based on experimental aerosol challenge of pigs with Chlamydia suis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 27:7-23. [PMID: 14656538 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-9571(02)00079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An experimental study of aerogeneous challenge in pigs was conducted in order to reveal characteristic features of porcine respiratory chlamydiosis. Eight conventionally raised pigs were exposed to a pathogenic strain of Chlamydia (C.) suis, four controls were mock infected. Besides pathological changes, the acute-phase and humoral immune responses, as well as the dissemination and transmission of the challenge strain was monitored in the course of infection. The data from clinical investigations, LPS-binding protein assay, antibody ELISAs, confocal laser scanning and light microscopy, immunohistochemical staining and PCR provided extensive evidence of the pathogenic potential of C. suis for the porcine respiratory system. This model appears suitable for further pathophysiological and immunological investigations of chlamydial respiratory infections and can also be recommended for studies of Chlamydia-associated infections of the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Sachse
- Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals (BFAU), Jena Institutes, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Rothoeft T, Gonschorek A, Bartz H, Anhenn O, Schauer U. Antigen dose, type of antigen-presenting cell and time of differentiation contribute to the T helper 1/T helper 2 polarization of naive T cells. Immunology 2004; 110:430-9. [PMID: 14632640 PMCID: PMC1783073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2003.01758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigenic encounter by T cells induces immunological synapse formation and T-cell activation. Using different concentrations of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) as stimulus, we examined the capacities of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (Mphi) to prime syngeneic naive T cells. DCs were, under all experimental settings, more efficient than Mphi at clustering T cells. Translocation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) to the contact area was found to be induced by DCs, as well as by Mphi, in an antigen-dependent manner, although Mphi were less efficient at inducing TCR translocation. Capping of protein kinase C theta (PKCtheta) was also antigen dependent but induced exclusively by DCs. Likewise, DCs were found to be more potent inducers of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and proliferation of naive T cells than Mphi. After 3 days of culture, DCs presenting 100 ng/ml TSST-1 induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-secreting cells, whereas Mphi did not. After 7 days of culture, DCs presenting 0.1 ng/ml TSST-1, and Mphi presenting high (as well as low) doses of TSST-1, induced IL-4-producing cells. We therefore provide evidence to show that antigen dose, type of antigen-presenting cell and time of differentiation can contribute to T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rothoeft
- Children's Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Ebsen M, Mogilevski G, Anhenn O, Maiworm V, Theegarten D, Schwarze J, Morgenroth K. Infection of murine precision cut lung slices (PCLS) with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and chlamydophila pneumoniae using the Krumdieck technique. Pathol Res Pract 2003; 198:747-53. [PMID: 12530578 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Krumdieck technique allows the investigation of the so-called precision cut lung slices (PCLS) with a special microtome. It is thus possible to evaluate morphologic changes over a longer period of time using only a small group of animals. Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cp) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) proved to be important causes of pneumonia, rhinitis and exacerbations of asthma bronchiale, as well as of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. PCLS should be tested for their suitability as an in vitro model for these infections. The PCLS were infected with Cp and RSV over different periods of time. Investigations were carried out by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, immunofluorescence (IF) studies with antibodies against bacterial or viral proteins and cell-specific markers were done using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Non-infected and infected PCLS showed a well-preserved morphology up to 72 hours. After short infection intervals, typical inclusions of Cp or RSV were detected in vacuoles of different cell types. Infection and cell types could be verified using IF. Cytopathic effects were not prominent. Ciliary beat was detectable up to 96 hours after infection. This in vitro technique offers the possibility of studying mechanisms and effects of bacterial and viral infections on viable tissue complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ebsen
- Department of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Bartz H, Rothoeft T, Anhenn O, Bunse D, Schauer U. Large-scale isolation of immature dendritic cells with features of Langerhans cells by sorting CD34+ cord blood stem cells cultured in the presence of TGF-beta1 for cutaneous leukocyte antigen (CLA). J Immunol Methods 2003; 275:137-48. [PMID: 12667678 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(03)00018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are a subset of immature dendritic cells (DCs) and play a key role in the initiation and regulation of T cell responses. Upon antigenic stimulation, LCs differentiate into mature DCs undergoing profound morphologic and functional changes. Studies of the biological details of this conversion process have been hampered by difficulties in generating immature dendritic cells of a defined lineage. We propose a new method of purifying homogenous immature DCs in large numbers by sorting for CLA (Langerhans-like cells) from cord-blood-derived haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Established protocols describe the generation of LCs from CD34(+) HPCs by sorting for CD1a after 5 days of culture in the presence of GM-CSF and TNF-alpha. However, the numbers of LCs obtained by this method remain within the low range. Furthermore, CD1a is also expressed on interstitial DCs. LCs but not interstitial DCs express the cutaneous leukocyte antigen (CLA). The expression of CLA by cells stimulated with TNF-alpha and GM-CSF peaks on day 10. This expression can be raised further by stimulating the cells with TGF-beta1 and omitting TNF-alpha from day 6 onwards. CLA(+) cells were isolated on day 10 by AutoMACS. Their LC phenotype was established by the presence CD207. The immaturity of Langerhans-like cells was shown by the lack of CD83 and CD208 expression as well as their lower ability to activate allogeneic naive T cells as compared to maturing dendritic cells. However, CLA(+) cells cannot be termed Langerhans cells as they do not express Birbeck granules. Compared to sorting for CD1a (on day 6), sorting for CLA (on day 10) results in isolates of higher purity (80% vs. 50%) and a yield eight times higher (4.9x10(6) vs. 6.5x10(5) cells) when using identical numbers of input cells (5x10(5) cells). This novel method guarantees large numbers of pure and functionally active immature dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bartz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Ebsen M, Anhenn O, Roder C, Morgenroth K. Morphology of adenovirus type-3 infection of human respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. Virchows Arch 2002; 440:512-8. [PMID: 12021926 DOI: 10.1007/s004280100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The adenovirus is a non-enveloped DNA virus which may lead to severe diseases of the respiratory tract. In order to study the influence of virus infection on primary cultured peribronchial submucosal gland cells, we performed in vitro infection with human adenovirus type 3. Peribronchial submucosal glands are the main source of tracheobronchial mucus and, therefore, play a major pathophysiological role in common pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. The success of infection was verified by means of immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. Infection follows a certain timetable with a climax of paracristalline intranuclear virus inclusions after 48 h of infection. Virus particles could be detected in the nucleus as well as in peripheral and perinuclear cytoplasmatic vacuoles. The release of virus capsids from the nucleus could be visualized using transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence with antibodies against hexon proteins. Two different kinds of mechanisms of transition of newly synthesized virus capsids from the nucleus into the cytoplasm could be identified. Due to an increasing cytopathic effect, viruses spread from cytoplasm after longer terms of infection. Cytopathic effects and cytoskeleton aspects under this virus infection could be characterized using immunofluorescence with several monoclonal antibodies against different cytokeratins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ebsen
- Department of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of primary pulmonary hypertension is still unclear. The case of a 68-yr-old female patient who complained of recurrent dizzy spells and collapses over a period of 6 weeks and died of global cardiac failure is presented. Autopsy revealed severe pulmonary hypertension, slight chronic bronchitis, and bronchiolitis as well as intra-alveolar accumulation of macrophages. Chlamydiae were detected within the pulmonary arteries and in intramural and intra-alveolar macrophages by immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nonradioactive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization of PCR products from pulmonary arteries revealed Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA. Chlamydia pneumoniae has already been detected in atherosclerosis and in pulmonary emphysema. It can induce proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Chlamydia pneumoniae might be relevant in aggravation of primary pulmonary hypertension and might perhaps be a trigger factor in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Theegarten
- Dept of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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Theegarten D, Mogilevski G, Anhenn O, Stamatis G, Jaeschock R, Morgenroth K. The role of chlamydia in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence reveal corresponding findings as in atherosclerosis. Virchows Arch 2000; 437:190-3. [PMID: 10993281 DOI: 10.1007/s004280000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae has been detected in atherosclerotic plaques by various means. Chlamydiae are able to cause persistent infections. Serologically elevated antibody titers are found in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In atherosclerosis and pulmonary emphysema, inflammatory reactions can be seen by means of light microscopy. Specimens from patients with obliterative arteriosclerosis undergoing thrombendarteriectomy and with advanced emphysema undergoing lung volume reduction surgery were examined using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, and using immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies and antiserum against chlamydiae. SEM shows spherical bodies (SBs) with a diameter from 0.3 microm to 0.6 microm on the surface of the alveoli and bronchioles, as well as in atherosclerotic plaques. In atherosclerosis and emphysema, SBs reveal a double membrane, adherence to collagen fibers, tissue destruction, as well as intracellular and interstitial localization in TEM. They show in parts a densely packed central structure. SBs are seen both in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency emphysema and smoker's emphysema. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, spots are seen in corresponding distributions to the SBs. Morphological findings are typical for aberrant chlamydiae seen in persistent infections. Chronic infection and bacterial colonization associated with progressive disease seems to be relevant not only in atherosclerosis but also in pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Theegarten
- Department of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
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