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Taylor S, Law K, Coomber-Moore J, Davies M, Thistlethwaite F, Calvert M, Aiyegbusi O, Yorke J. Correction: Patient‑reported outcome (PRO) instruments used in patients undergoing adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for the treatment of cancer: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2024; 13:117. [PMID: 38689316 PMCID: PMC11059719 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Taylor
- Christie Patient Centred Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK.
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Kate Law
- Christie Patient Centred Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jake Coomber-Moore
- Christie Patient Centred Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
| | - Michelle Davies
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Fiona Thistlethwaite
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mel Calvert
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research (CPROR), Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Centre (ARC) West Midlands, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
- Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Midlands Health Data Research UK, Birmingham, UK
- DEMAND Hub, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olalekan Aiyegbusi
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research (CPROR), Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Centre (ARC) West Midlands, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janelle Yorke
- Christie Patient Centred Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Taylor S, Law K, Coomber-Moore J, Davies M, Thistlethwaite F, Calvert M, Aiyegbusi O, Yorke J. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments used in patients undergoing adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for the treatment of cancer: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2023; 12:183. [PMID: 37777816 PMCID: PMC10541698 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly evolving field. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) allow patients to report the impact of treatment on their quality of life during and after treatment. The systematic review aims to characterise the breadth of PROs utilised in ACT cancer care and provide guidance for the use of PROs in this patient population in the future. METHODS A systematic search was conducted (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL) in August 2021 by two reviewers. Search terms covered the following: "adoptive cell therapy", "patient-reported outcomes" and "cancer". Studies were included if they used a PRO measure to report the impact of ACT. The methodological quality of PROs was assessed. Forward and backward reference searching was conducted of any relevant papers. A quality grading scale was applied based on Cochrane and Revenson criteria for classification of high-quality studies. Key data from the studies and the included PROs was extracted by two researchers and tabulated. RESULTS One-hundred nine papers were identified; 11 papers were included. The majority of studies were single-arm trials or observational studies. Twenty-two different PROs were identified; none was ACT specific. The PROMIS-29 and EQ-5D were most commonly used. Few studies collected PRO data in the first 1-2 weeks. Four studies followed patients up for over a year, and a further four studies followed patients for approximately 3 months. DISCUSSION None of the PROs identified have been designed specifically for ACT. Appropriateness of existing instruments should be considered. It should be considered whether it is appropriate to collect data more frequently in the acute stage and then less frequently during follow-up. It should be considered if one tool is suitable at all time points or if the tool should be adapted depending on time since treatment. More research is needed to identify the exact timings of PRO assessments, and qualitative work with patients is needed to determine the most important issues for them throughout the treatment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Taylor
- Christie Patient Centred Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK.
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Kate Law
- Christie Patient Centred Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jake Coomber-Moore
- Christie Patient Centred Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
| | - Michelle Davies
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Fiona Thistlethwaite
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mel Calvert
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research (CPROR), Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Centre (ARC) West Midlands, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
- Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Midlands Health Data Research UK, Birmingham, UK
- DEMAND Hub, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olalekan Aiyegbusi
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research (CPROR), Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Centre (ARC) West Midlands, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janelle Yorke
- Christie Patient Centred Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M204BX, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Baddeley E, Retzer A, Sivell S, Seddon K, Bulbeck H, Nelson A, Adams R, Grant R, Watts C, Aiyegbusi O, Rivera S, Kearns P, Dirven L, Calvert M, Byrne A. P09.04.B The importance of treatment tolerability for people with glioma: registry review and qualitative findings from the COBra Study. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Gliomas are the commonest form of primary brain tumour, accounting for 80% of malignant brain tumours. Gliomas represent a heterogeneous group of cancers with variable outcomes, traditionally graded from I to IV (least to most aggressive). The poor prognosis of some glioma patients and high symptom burden has led to a growing emphasis on their quality of survival. Maintaining cognitive function, physical function and other health-related quality of life aspects throughout the disease trajectory are key considerations, particularly for patients with aggressive forms of glioma. It is therefore important that glioma intervention studies collect data aligned with patient priorities that enables assessment of the net clinical benefit of treatments and facilitates informed decision-making. In particular, and of increasing recognition, is the importance of monitoring the incidence of adverse events during and after the course of an intervention, and understanding their impact upon patients, and patients’ own assessment of, tolerability.
Material and Methods
A trial registry review, a systematic review of the qualitative literature and semi-structured interviews with patients and caregivers were undertaken. Outcomes were extracted from these sources to formulate a longlist during the development of a core outcome set for glioma interventional trials (the COBra study).
Results
The registry review (n=91), systematic review (n=21) and semi-structured interviews (n=19) identified many important outcomes and concepts, one of which was tolerability. Tolerability, adverse events, toxicity or safety was reported to be collected as an outcome in 46 trials. Outcomes related to tolerability were identified from 7 articles included in the systematic review. Themes related to tolerability emerged from the qualitative interviews. These included tolerability of side effects of treatment; trade-offs of side effects versus potential benefits in deciding on, and willingness to, undertake further treatment; and self-directed strategies for coping.
Conclusion
There is a growing acknowledgement of the importance of treatment tolerability in the wider field of cancer research. In glioma research specifically, its significance is yet to be reflected in outcomes collected in trials. Our qualitative findings indicate tolerability is of high significance to patients and those close to them. Participants reported how their preconceptions and experience of tolerability influenced treatment decisions and treatment uptake. However, outcomes related to tolerability were collected in just over half of trials in our sample. Tolerability and items relating to the patients’ experience of adverse events should be collected and reported in trial findings to reflect patients’ priorities and enable informed treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Baddeley
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - A Retzer
- University of Birmingham - Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - S Sivell
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - K Seddon
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - H Bulbeck
- Brainstrust , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Nelson
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - R Adams
- Cardiff University - Centre for Trials Research , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - R Grant
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - C Watts
- University of Birmingham - Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - O Aiyegbusi
- University of Birmingham - Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - S Rivera
- University of Birmingham - Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - P Kearns
- University of Birmingham - Cancer and Genomic Sciences , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - L Dirven
- Leiden University , Leiden , Netherlands
| | - M Calvert
- University of Birmingham - Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research , Birmingham , United Kingdom
| | - A Byrne
- Cardiff University - Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre , Cardiff , United Kingdom
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Bhachu HK, Fenton A, Cockwell P, Aiyegbusi O, Kyte D, Calvert M. Use of the kidney failure risk equation to inform clinical care of patients with chronic kidney disease: a mixed-methods systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055572. [PMID: 35042708 PMCID: PMC8768913 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE The Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) predicts the risk of end-stage kidney disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the utility of KFRE in clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. SETTING AND STUDY POPULATIONS Adult patients with CKD but not receiving renal replacement therapy enrolled in studies where KFRE was used in clinical care pathways. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES All studies published from April 2011 to October 2021 identified from Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase and reference and citation searches of included studies. DATA EXTRACTION Relevant data were extracted, and two reviewers independently assessed study quality using appropriate appraisal tools. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Findings reported as a narrative synthesis due to heterogeneity of the included studies. RESULTS Of 1635 studies identified, 440 duplicates were removed. The remaining 1195 titles and abstracts were screened. All five studies for full-text review were included in the analysis. Three uses of KFRE were assessed: (1) primary to specialty care interface; (2) general nephrology to multidisciplinary care transition; and (3) treatment planning. Evidence of impact on number of patient referrals into nephrology care was conflicting. However, wait times improved in one study. Although KFRE identified high-risk patients for increased multidisciplinary support, there was concern patients stepped down, no longer meeting eligibility criteria, may lack access to services. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review of studies that have assessed the actual impact of KFRE in clinical practice with five studies of varying quality reported to date. Trials are in progress assessing the impact on clinical outcomes of using KFRE in clinical practice, and KFRE is being incorporated into guidelines for CKD management. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of KFRE on clinical care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Protocol registered on PROSPERO before initiation of the study (Ref: CRD42020219926).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Kaur Bhachu
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Patient-Reported Outcomes Research (CPROR), Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Anthony Fenton
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Cockwell
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olalekan Aiyegbusi
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Patient-Reported Outcomes Research (CPROR), Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre and NIHR ARC, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Derek Kyte
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Patient-Reported Outcomes Research (CPROR), Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- School of Allied Health and Community, University of Worcester, Worcester, Worcestershire, UK
| | - Melanie Calvert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Patient-Reported Outcomes Research (CPROR), Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre and NIHR ARC, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Sherwood K, Tran J, Günther O, Lan J, Aiyegbusi O, Liwski R, Sapir-Pichhadze R, Bryan S, Caulfield T, Keown P. Genome Canada precision medicine strategy for structured national implementation of epitope matching in renal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:264-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Calvert M, King M, Mercieca-Bebber R, Aiyegbusi O, Kyte D, Slade A, Chan AW, Basch E, Bell J, Bennett A, Bhatnagar V, Blazeby J, Bottomley A, Brown J, Brundage M, Campbell L, Cappelleri JC, Draper H, Dueck AC, Ells C, Frank L, Golub RM, Griebsch I, Haywood K, Hunn A, King-Kallimanis B, Martin L, Mitchell S, Morel T, Nelson L, Norquist J, O'Connor D, Palmer M, Patrick D, Price G, Regnault A, Retzer A, Revicki D, Scott J, Stephens R, Turner G, Valakas A, Velikova G, von Hildebrand M, Walker A, Wenzel L. SPIRIT-PRO Extension explanation and elaboration: guidelines for inclusion of patient-reported outcomes in protocols of clinical trials. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045105. [PMID: 34193486 PMCID: PMC8246371 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are used in clinical trials to provide valuable evidence on the impact of disease and treatment on patients' symptoms, function and quality of life. High-quality PRO data from trials can inform shared decision-making, regulatory and economic analyses and health policy. Recent evidence suggests the PRO content of past trial protocols was often incomplete or unclear, leading to research waste. To address this issue, international, consensus-based, PRO-specific guidelines were developed: the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT)-PRO Extension. The SPIRIT-PRO Extension is a 16-item checklist which aims to improve the content and quality of aspects of clinical trial protocols relating to PRO data collection to minimise research waste, and ultimately better inform patient-centred care. This SPIRIT-PRO explanation and elaboration (E&E) paper provides information to promote understanding and facilitate uptake of the recommended checklist items, including a comprehensive protocol template. For each SPIRIT-PRO item, we provide a detailed description, one or more examples from existing trial protocols and supporting empirical evidence of the item's importance. We recommend this paper and protocol template be used alongside the SPIRIT 2013 and SPIRIT-PRO Extension paper to optimise the transparent development and review of trial protocols with PROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Calvert
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Madeleine King
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Mercieca-Bebber
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Olalekan Aiyegbusi
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Derek Kyte
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anita Slade
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - An-Wen Chan
- Women's College Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Basch
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jill Bell
- Oncology Digital Health, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Antonia Bennett
- Cancer Outcomes Research Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jane Blazeby
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Bottomley
- Department of Quality of Life, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Brown
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Michael Brundage
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Campbell
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Joseph C Cappelleri
- Global Biometrics & Data Management-Statistics, Pfizer Inc, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Amylou C Dueck
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Carolyn Ells
- School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lori Frank
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Kirstie Haywood
- Warwick Research in Nursing, University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Morel
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, UCB Pharma, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Linda Nelson
- Value Evidence and Outcomes-Patient Centered Outcomes, GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josephine Norquist
- Center for Observational Real-world Evidence (CORE), Patient-Centered Endpoints & Strategy, Merck & Co Inc, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Michael Palmer
- Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald Patrick
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gary Price
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Ameeta Retzer
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jane Scott
- Johnson and Johnson, Janssen Global Services LLC, High Wycombe, UK
| | | | - Grace Turner
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Antonia Valakas
- EMD Serono Inc, Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Galina Velikova
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Maria von Hildebrand
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anita Walker
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcome Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lari Wenzel
- University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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