PROFESSIONAL RISKS FOR AGRICULTURAL PERSONNEL TREATING BERRIES AND MELON CROPS WITH PESTICIDES

OBJECTIVE

The aim: Нygienic assessment of labour conditions and risks for the Ukrainian agricultural personnel treating berries and melon crops with fungicides, herbicides and insecticides for justification of their safe use regulations.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: Natural studies of labour conditions and risk correspond to the acting laws of Ukraine. The results were statistically treated using IBM SPSS StatisticsBase v.22.

RESULTS

Results: The natural studies of fungicides, insecticides, used for treatment of berries and melon crops, show that labour air environment corresponds to hygienic standards. The authors have established that the hazard index of complex fungicides effect on spray fueling attendants and tractor drivers is 0.110}0.046 and 0.155}0.071, that of herbicides - 0.34}0.025 and 0.380}0.257, that of insecticides - 0.221}0.111 and 0.222}0.110, respectively; hazard index of combined effect of several acting substances makes up- 0.239}0.088 and 0.336}0.140 for spray fueling attendants and tractor drivers, respectively. The statistical analysis shows that the hazard coefficients of inhalation and percutaneous penetration do not differ statistically between spray fueling attendants and tractor drivers (р>0.05). The percutaneous risk (%) of various pesticide groups for spray fueling attendants ranges 65.74-97.58 %, for tractor drivers - 50.72-95.23 %.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The analysis has shown that the professional risk of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, during agricultural treatment of the berries and melon crops does not exceed standards.

SUBSTANTION OF THE NEED FOR MONITORING IN ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS OF INSECTICIDES FROM THE CLASS OF TETRAMIC AND TETRONIC ACID DERIVATIVES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THEIR SPECIFIC INFLUENCE ON THE HUMAN ORGANISM

OBJECTIVE

The aim: Substantiation of the need for monitoring in environmental objects of spiromesifen, spirodiclofen and spirotetramat, taking into account their specific impact on the human organism to reduce the risk of their negative influence on public health and the environment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: The subject was insecticides, the class of tetramic and tetronic acids derivatives, spiromesifen, spirodiclofen and spirotetramate. Physico-chemical, toxicological and hygienic evaluation of the results was performed according to the literature data. Selection criteria were used to substantiate the needs in monitoring of these insecticides.

RESULTS

Results: Spiromesifen, spirodiclofen and spirotetramate according to the Hygienic classification of pesticides by the limiting criterion of hazard belong to 1 class (strong allergen), 2 (carcinogen) and 3 classes (inhalation toxicity), respectively. The value of ADD (allowable daily dose) for human of spiromesifen, approved in Europe is 0.03 mg•kg-1. According to the assessment of hazards for professional contingents and the coefficient of possible inhalation poisoning (CPIP) and the coefficient of selective action (CSA), spiromesifen may pose a risk. We can conclude about the safety of the compound according to GUS, SCI-GROW, LEACH indices, and hence the absence of risk of potential entry of the substance into the human body with contaminated water or food. According to persistence in the environment, these insecticides are law and moderately persistent. Direct effect on the thyroid gland is absent.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Monitoring of spiromesifen and spirotetramate in water, soil and agricultural raw materials is not obligatory, and for spirodiclofen is desirable.

COMPARATIVE HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS AND OCCUPATIONAL RISK IN THE APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FUNGICIDE AMISTAR EXTRA 280, SC) USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPRAYERS

OBJECTIVE

The aim: Was a comparative hygienic assessment of working conditions and occupational risk in the application of fungicide Amistar Extra 280, SC using slotted and injector sprayers.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: Sprayers Super Poly 110-04 (variant №1) and Guardian Air GA110-04 (variant № 2), and certified equipment were used. The occupational risk was assessed in accordance with the methodological recommendations proposed by the L.I. Medvedia Scientific Center for Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety specialists.

RESULTS

Results: When using the slotted sprayer Super Poly 110-04 in the air of the working zone of the tractor driver the content of azoxystrobin was 0.0015 ± 0.0001 mg/m3, cyproconazole - 0.085 ± 0.002 mg/m3, at a distance of 10 m from the edge of the field on the leeward side - 0.003 ± 0.001 and 0.11 ± 0.02 mg/m3, respectively. Visual analysis of water-sensitive cards after using slotted sprayers showed the presence of single drops of pesticide working solution in the wear zone. When applying the pesticide using a Guardian Air GA110-04 injector sprayer in the air of the working zone of the tractor driver, areas of possible wear (10 and 100 m), theconcentration of the active substances of Amistar Extra 280, SC formulation was below the limit of quantification of the method. When assessing the complex risk for tractor drivers, a statistically significant difference was found for azoxystrobin (p = 0.002) and cyproconazole (p = 0.001) when using a slotted sprayer Super Poly 110-04 and injector Guardian Air GA110-04.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Values of the combined complex risk of application of the Amistar Extra 280, SC formulation for tractor drivers of variant №2 application were significantly lower than those for tractor drivers of variant №1.

Hygienic assessment of the effects of pesticides application on children population morbidity with thyroid gland diseases

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: It is proved that some groups of fungicides and herbicides are capable of affecting the thyroid gland, provoking its growth, leading to a compensatory change in the activity of the hormones synthesis. Therefore, the presence of their residual amounts in plant may affect the level of thyroid gland pathology. The aim of the work was to analyze the influence of pesticide application on the Ukrainian child population morbidity with thyroid diseases in the period from 2001 to 2014.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: The methods of empirical and theoretical research of scientific information, namely analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and systematization, epidemiological, cartographic and statistical methods were used.

RESULTS

Review: The maximum level of thyroid pathology was found in the northern, western and northwestern regions, where the diffuse goiter dominates in the morbidity and prevalence of thyroid diseases; minimal - in the southern, eastern and south-eastern regions. It was established that the highest volumes of application of chemical plant protection products in the period 2001-2013 took place in the southern and central regions of Ukraine, namely in Poltava, Vinnitsa, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Khmelnytsky regions. Sufficiently high levels of pesticide application were in the Kyiv, Kherson regions, Zaporizhia, Kirovograd and Cherkasy regions.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The probability of the active chemical plant protection products application effect on the level of thyroid cancer, various types of goiter, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis and thyroiditis in the central and southern regions was determined. These are regions with well-developed agricultural production.

Hygienic assessment of the effects of pesticides application on adult population morbidity with thyroid gland diseases

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: It is proved that some groups of fungicides and herbicides are capable of affecting the thyroid gland, provoking its growth, leading to a compensatory change in the activity of the hormones synthesis. Therefore, the presence of their residual amounts in plant may affect the level of thyroid gland pathology. The aim of the work was to analyze the influence of pesticide application on the Ukrainian adult population morbidity with thyroid diseases in the period from 2001 to 2014.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: The methods of empirical and theoretical research of scientific information, namely analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and systematization, epidemiological, cartographic and statistical methods were used.

RESULTS

Results: The maximum level of thyroid pathology was found in the northern, western and northwestern regions, where the diffuse goiter dominates in the morbidity and prevalence of thyroid diseases; minimal - in the southern, eastern and south-eastern regions. It was established that the highest volumes of application of chemical plant protection products in the period 2001-2013 took place in the southern and central regions of Ukraine, namely in Poltava, Vinnitsa, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Khmelnytsky, Odesa and Mykolaiv regions. Sufficiently high levels of pesticide application were in the Kyiv, Kherson regions, Crimea, Zaporizhia, Kirovograd and Cherkasy regions.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The probability of the active chemical plant protection products usage effect on the level of prevalence and incidence of thyroid cancer, various types of goiter, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis and thyroiditis in the central and southern regions was determined. Are regions with well-developed agricultural production.

[EXPERIMENTAL GROUNDS ON POSSIBILITY TO MAKE AND TO USE PREDICTION MODELS OF PESTICIDES DESIGN STANDARD IN THE WATER OF PONDS USED FOR HOUSEHOLD AND DRINKING WATER SUPPLY]

Taking into account the fact that current calculation methods for substantiation of standards in the water of water reservoirs valid in Ukraine are outdated the aim of our research was to scientifically substantiate the possibility to make and to use prediction models of pesticides design standard in the water of ponds used for household and drinking water supply. Array of experimentally substantiated and approved to use in Ukraine maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) of organic pesticides active ingredients in the water was analyzed (n = 201). Analysis of dependence between MAC value of pesticides in the water and its physical and chemical properties, indices of ecotoxicological hazard and persistency in the water was carried out using correlation and regression analysis methods. Twelve regression equations to establish design value of pesticides MAC in the water were proposed on the grounds of performed analysis. The results of reliability testing of proposed procedure on pesticides design tentatively allowable levels (TAL) in the water indicate on needs to apply the least value of TAL obtained in the process of calculations using proposed equations. It was proved that mathematical models proposed for prediction of pesticide design standard in the water are adequate and significant by Fisher's test (P < 0.05). Proposed algorithm allows considerably simplify procedure of obtaining temporary hygienic standard in the water for new pesticides.

[Comparative hygienic assessment of potential risk to workers under application of fungicides of different classes]

The comparative hygienic evaluation of working conditions in various application technologies of triazole fungicides (tebuconazole, dyfenoconazole, penconazole) strobilurine fungicides (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin), ethylene-bis-dytiocarbamate fungicides (metiram, mancozeb), cianopyrrole fungicide (fludioxonil), anilide fungicides (benalaxyl-M, boscalid), anilinopirymidyne fungicides (cyprodynil, valifenal, pirymetanil). Potential complex risk of possible harmful effects of the investigated compounds on workers by inhalation and percutaneous admission, as well as a comparative analysis of received values was assessed. Determination of active substances in the samples was carried out by gas-liquid and high performance liquid chromatography. In the air of the working area were found triazoles 0.005-0.01 mg/m3, ethylene-bis-dytiokarbamates--0.01-0.02 mg/m3 at fan plants processing, anilinopirymidynes--0.19 mg/m3 at backpack plants processing. Listed values do not exceed the established hygienic standards in the air of the working area. Steam plants processing had not accompanied by the arrival of investigated compounds in the air of the working area. For all the studied crops processing technologies magnitude of the potential risk of possible harmful effects of study classes fungicides influence at the complex admission does not exceed the permissible level (was less than 1). Comparative analysis of complex risks for workers allowed to distribute fungicides according this criterion in the following order: cianopyrrole < strobilurynes < triazoles < anilides < anilinopirymidynes < ethylene-bis-dytiokarbamates.