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De Luca CMG, Elia AE, Portaleone SM, Cazzaniga FA, Rossi M, Bistaffa E, De Cecco E, Narkiewicz J, Salzano G, Carletta O, Romito L, Devigili G, Soliveri P, Tiraboschi P, Legname G, Tagliavini F, Eleopra R, Giaccone G, Moda F. Efficient RT-QuIC seeding activity for α-synuclein in olfactory mucosa samples of patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:24. [PMID: 31406572 PMCID: PMC6686411 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose diagnosis is often challenging because symptoms may overlap with neurodegenerative parkinsonisms. PD is characterized by intraneuronal accumulation of abnormal α-synuclein in brainstem while neurodegenerative parkinsonisms might be associated with accumulation of either α-synuclein, as in the case of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) or tau, as in the case of Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), in other disease-specific brain regions. Definite diagnosis of all these diseases can be formulated only neuropathologically by detection and localization of α-synuclein or tau aggregates in the brain. Compelling evidence suggests that trace-amount of these proteins can appear in peripheral tissues, including receptor neurons of the olfactory mucosa (OM). Methods We have set and standardized the experimental conditions to extend the ultrasensitive Real Time Quaking Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC) assay for OM analysis. In particular, by using human recombinant α-synuclein as substrate of reaction, we have assessed the ability of OM collected from patients with clinical diagnoses of PD and MSA to induce α-synuclein aggregation, and compared their seeding ability to that of OM samples collected from patients with clinical diagnoses of CBD and PSP. Results Our results showed that a significant percentage of MSA and PD samples induced α-synuclein aggregation with high efficiency, but also few samples of patients with the clinical diagnosis of CBD and PSP caused the same effect. Notably, the final RT-QuIC aggregates obtained from MSA and PD samples owned peculiar biochemical and morphological features potentially enabling their discrimination. Conclusions Our study provide the proof-of-concept that olfactory mucosa samples collected from patients with PD and MSA possess important seeding activities for α-synuclein. Additional studies are required for (i) estimating sensitivity and specificity of the technique and for (ii) evaluating its application for the diagnosis of PD and neurodegenerative parkinsonisms. RT-QuIC analyses of OM and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be combined with the aim of increasing the overall diagnostic accuracy of these diseases, especially in the early stages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-019-0164-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Emanuele Elia
- 2Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology I - Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Maria Portaleone
- 3Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Otolaryngology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Angelo Cazzaniga
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- 4Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Laboratory of Prion Biology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bistaffa
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena De Cecco
- 4Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Laboratory of Prion Biology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Joanna Narkiewicz
- 4Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Laboratory of Prion Biology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Salzano
- 4Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Laboratory of Prion Biology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Olga Carletta
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Romito
- 2Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology I - Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Devigili
- 2Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology I - Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Soliveri
- 2Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology I - Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Tiraboschi
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- 4Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Laboratory of Prion Biology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- 5Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Scientific Directorate, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Eleopra
- 2Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology I - Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- 1Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, Milan, Italy
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Bistaffa E, Rossi M, De Luca CMG, Cazzaniga F, Carletta O, Campagnani I, Tagliavini F, Legname G, Giaccone G, Moda F. Prion Efficiently Replicates in α-Synuclein Knockout Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7448-7457. [PMID: 31041657 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders associated with the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into an abnormal misfolded form named PrPSc. Other than accumulating in the brain, PrPSc can bind PrPC and force it to change conformation to PrPSc. The exact mechanism which underlies the process of PrPC/PrPSc conversion still needs to be defined and many molecules or cofactors might be involved. Several studies have documented an important role of PrPC to act as receptor for abnormally folded forms of α-synuclein which are responsible of a group of diseases known as synucleinopathies. The presence of PrPC was required to promote efficient internalization and spreading of abnormal α-synuclein between cells. In this work, we have assessed whether α-synuclein exerts any role in PrPSc conversion and propagation either in vitro or in vivo. Indeed, understanding the mechanism of PrPC/PrPSc conversion and the identification of cofactors involved in this process is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies. Our results showed that PrPSc was able to efficiently propagate in the brain of animals even in the absence of α-synuclein thus suggesting that this protein did not act as key modulator of prion propagation. Thus, α-synuclein might take part in this process but is not specifically required for sustaining prion conversion and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bistaffa
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Prion Biology, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Giulia De Luca
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Prion Biology, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Cazzaniga
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Carletta
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campagnani
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Legname
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Prion Biology, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Unit of Neuropathology and Neurology 5, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
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