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Molina-Montes E, Uzhova I, Verardo V, Artacho R, García-Villanova B, Jesús Guerra-Hernández E, Kapsokefalou M, Malisova O, Vlassopoulos A, Katidi A, Koroušić Seljak B, Modic R, Eftimov T, Hren I, Valenčič E, Šatalić Z, Panjkota Krbavčić I, Vranešić Bender D, Giacalone D, Bom Frøst M, Konic Ristic A, Milesevic J, Nikolic M, Kolay E, Güney M, Kriaucioniene V, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Bykowska-Derda A, Kujundzic E, Taljić I, Brka M, Spiroski I, Cunha Velho S, Patrícia Sousa Pinto S, Nascimento Monteiro I, Adriana Pereira J, Dolores Ruíz-López M, Rodríguez-Pérez C. Impact of COVID-19 confinement on eating behaviours across 16 European countries: The COVIDiet cross-national study. Food Qual Prefer 2021; 93:104231. [PMID: 36569642 PMCID: PMC9759462 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the changes in eating behaviours of the adult population across 16 European countries due to the COVID-19 confinement and to evaluate whether these changes were somehow related to the severity of the containment measures applied in each country. An anonymous online self-reported questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, validated 14-items Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as a reference of a healthy diet, eating and lifestyle behaviours prior to and during the COVID-19 confinement was used to collect data. The study included an adult population residing in 16 European countries at the time of the survey. Aggregated Stringency Index (SI) score, based on data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, was calculated for each country at the time the questionnaire was distributed (range: 0-100). A total of 36,185 participants completed the questionnaire (77.6% female, 75.2% with high educational level and 42.7% aged between 21 and 35 years). In comparison to pre-confinement, a significantly higher adherence to the MedDiet during the confinement was observed across all countries (overall MEDAS score prior to- and during confinement: 5.23 ± 2.06 vs. 6.15 ± 2.06; p < 0.001), with the largest increase seen in Greece and North Macedonia. The highest adherence to MedDiet during confinement was found in Spain and Portugal (7.18 ± 1.84 and 7.34 ± 1.95, respectively). Stricter contingency restrictions seemed to lead to a significantly higher increase in the adherence to the MedDiet. The findings from this cross-sectional study could be used to inform current diet-related public health guidelines to ensure optimal nutrition is followed among the population, which in turn would help to alleviate the current public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Molina-Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irina Uzhova
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Ln, Bellanode, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Reyes Artacho
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Belén García-Villanova
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Maria Kapsokefalou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Olga Malisova
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Antonis Vlassopoulos
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Alexandra Katidi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | | | - Robert Modic
- Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tome Eftimov
- Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Hren
- General Hospital Novo mesto, Šmihelska cesta 1, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - Eva Valenčič
- Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zvonimir Šatalić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva ul. 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Panjkota Krbavčić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva ul. 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darija Vranešić Bender
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology & Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Kišpatićeva ul. 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davide Giacalone
- Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Bom Frøst
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Konic Ristic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, National Institute of Serbia, Beograd, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, PAK 104 201, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jelena Milesevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, National Institute of Serbia, Beograd, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, PAK 104 201, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Nikolic
- Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, National Institute of Serbia, Beograd, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, PAK 104 201, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ezgi Kolay
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Merve Güney
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty Hospital, Nutrition and Diet Department, Vatan Cad. 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vilma Kriaucioniene
- Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bykowska-Derda
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Enisa Kujundzic
- Center for Health Ecology of Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Dzona Dzeksona bb, 81 000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Irzada Taljić
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Brka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Igor Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health, 50. Divizija 6, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia,Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, 50. Divizija 6, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | | | | | | | | | - María Dolores Ruíz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Melilla, Calle Santander, 1. 52071, Melilla, Spain,Corresponding author at: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Melilla, Calle Santander, 1. 52071, Melilla, Spain
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Malisova O, Poulia KA, Kolyzoi K, Lysandropoulos A, Sfendouraki K, Kapsokefalou M. Evaluation of water balance in a population of older adults. A case control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 24:95-99. [PMID: 29576371 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Older adults are at risk for dehydration and its' potentially life-threatening consequences. Unrecognized dehydration can complicate chronic medical problems and increase morbidity. The objective of the study was to estimate water balance, intake and loss in elderly people living in Greece using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ). WBQ was administered in winter to 108 independents (65-81yrs) (Group A), 94 independents (82-92yrs) (Group B) and 51 hospitalized (65-92yrs) (Group C). A database from previous study of 335 adults (18-65yrs) (Control Group) used for comparison. Mean estimates of water balance, intake and loss were, respectively, for Group A -749 ± 1386 mL/day, 2571 ± 739 mL/day and 3320 ± 1216 mL/day, for Group B -38 ± 933 mL/day, 2571 ± 739 mL/day and 3320 ± 1216 mL/day, for Group C 64 ± 1399 mL/day, 2586 ± 1071 mL/day and 2522 ± 1048 mL/day and for Control Group -253 ± 1495 mL/day, 2912 ± 1025 mL/day and 3492 ± 2099 mL/day. Significant differences were detected in water balance, intake and loss (p < 0.01). Water balance and water intake in Group A was the lowest. For Groups A, B, C and Control, contribution of solid foods to water intake was 36%, 29%, 32%, 25%, of drinking water was 32%, 48%, 45%, 47%, of beverages was 32%, 23%, 23% and 28% respectively. Significant differences observed in the contribution of drinking water and beverages (p < 0.01). Group A had lower water balance and water intake. Groups B and C had lower water intake from beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Malisova
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kleoniki Kolyzoi
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Lysandropoulos
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Sfendouraki
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kapsokefalou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Athanasatou A, Kandyliari A, Malisova O, Pepa A, Kapsokefalou M. Sodium and Potassium Intake from Food Diaries and 24-h Urine Collections from 7 Days in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults. Front Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29527529 PMCID: PMC5829621 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The main objective of the present study was to evaluate sodium and potassium intake, employing 24 h and spot urine samples and food diaries for seven consecutive days. Methods For seven consecutive days subjects recorded their food and drink intakes, and recorded and collected all urinations. Food sodium and potassium intake were analyzed in 24- and 6-h intervals from wake-up time. Urine indices were analyzed in first morning, 24- and 6-h intervals samples over the day from wake-up time. The study took place in Agricultural University of Athens, Greece. In total, 163 healthy subjects (age 39 ± 12 years; 74 females) were enrolled in the study. Results Mean urine sodium excretion was 2,803.3 ± 1,249.0 mg/day (121.9 ± 54.3 mmol/day) and mean urine potassium excretion was 2,152.2 ± 913.3 mg/day (55.2 ± 23.4 mmol/day). The highest potassium concentration was measured in the afternoon, while the lowest sodium concentration was measured in the overnight 6-h interval. Food sodium intake was 1,983.2 ± 814.1 mg/day and food potassium was 2,264.5 ± 653.3 mg/day. The sources that contribute most in food sodium intake are dairy products 24%, breads 22%, and savory snacks 17%. Conclusion Strategies should encourage the Greek population to moderate sodium intake and promote potassium intake, thus adopting a healthier dietary and lifestyle pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelais Athanasatou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kandyliari
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Malisova
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alex Pepa
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kapsokefalou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Malisova O, Athanasatou A, Pepa A, Husemann M, Domnik K, Braun H, Mora-Rodriguez R, Ortega JF, Fernandez-Elias VE, Kapsokefalou M. Water Intake and Hydration Indices in Healthy European Adults: The European Hydration Research Study (EHRS). Nutrients 2016; 8:204. [PMID: 27058557 PMCID: PMC4848673 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydration status is linked with health, wellness, and performance. We evaluated hydration status, water intake, and urine output for seven consecutive days in healthy adults. Volunteers living in Spain, Germany, or Greece (n = 573, 39 ± 12 years (51.1% males), 25.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2 BMI) participated in an eight-day study protocol. Total water intake was estimated from seven-day food and drink diaries. Hydration status was measured in urine samples collected over 24 h for seven days and in blood samples collected in fasting state on the mornings of days 1 and 8. Total daily water intake was 2.75 ± 1.01 L, water from beverages 2.10 ± 0.91 L, water from foods 0.66 ± 0.29 L. Urine parameters were: 24 h volume 1.65 ± 0.70 L, 24 h osmolality 631 ± 221 mOsmol/kg Η2Ο, 24 h specific gravity 1.017 ± 0.005, 24 h excretion of sodium 166.9 ± 54.7 mEq, 24 h excretion of potassium 72.4 ± 24.6 mEq, color chart 4.2 ± 1.4. Predictors for urine osmolality were age, country, gender, and BMI. Blood indices were: haemoglobin concentration 14.7 ± 1.7 g/dL, hematocrit 43% ± 4% and serum osmolality 294 ± 9 mOsmol/kg Η2Ο. Daily water intake was higher in summer (2.8 ± 1.02 L) than in winter (2.6 ± 0.98 L) (p = 0.019). Water intake was associated negatively with urine specific gravity, urine color, and urine sodium and potassium concentrations (p < 0.01). Applying urine osmolality cut-offs, approximately 60% of participants were euhydrated and 20% hyperhydrated or dehydrated. Most participants were euhydrated, but a substantial number of people (40%) deviated from a normal hydration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Malisova
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Adelais Athanasatou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Alex Pepa
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Marlien Husemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University, Cologne 50993, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Domnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University, Cologne 50993, Germany.
| | - Hans Braun
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University, Cologne 50993, Germany.
| | - Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-la Mancha, Toledo 13071, Spain.
| | - Juan F Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo, University of Castilla-la Mancha, Toledo 13071, Spain.
| | | | - Maria Kapsokefalou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., Athens 11855, Greece.
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Malisova O, Bountziouka V, Zampelas A, Kapsokefalou M. Evaluation of drinks contribution to energy intake in summer and winter. Nutrients 2015; 7:3724-38. [PMID: 25988765 PMCID: PMC4446775 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001) and in men higher than in women in both seasons (p < 0.001 in summer, p = 0.02 in winter). Coffee, coffee drinks, milk, chocolate milk and alcoholic drinks contributed approximately 75% of energy from drinks. Fruit juice and sugar-sweetened drinks, including soft drinks and fruit juice based drinks, were consumed less frequently contributing up to 25% of drink energy intake. Drinks contribute approximately 1/4 of total energy intake depending on the energy content of the drink and frequency of consumption. Coffee, dairy and alcoholic drinks were the main energy contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Malisova
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Vassiliki Bountziouka
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Maria Kapsokefalou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece.
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