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Krylov V, Bourkaltseva M, Pleteneva E, Shaburova O, Krylov S, Karaulov A, Zhavoronok S, Svitich O, Zverev V. Phage phiKZ-The First of Giants. Viruses 2021; 13:149. [PMID: 33498475 PMCID: PMC7909554 DOI: 10.3390/v13020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper covers the history of the discovery and description of phiKZ, the first known giant bacteriophage active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also describes its unique features, especially the characteristic manner of DNA packing in the head around a cylinder-shaped structure ("inner body"), which probably governs an ordered and tight packaging of the phage genome. Important properties of phiKZ-like phages include a wide range of lytic activity and the blue opalescence of their negative colonies, and provide a background for the search and discovery of new P. aeruginosa giant phages. The importance of the phiKZ species and of other giant phage species in practical phage therapy is noted given their broad use in commercial phage preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krylov
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines & Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (E.P.); (O.S.); (S.K.); (O.S.); (V.Z.)
| | - Maria Bourkaltseva
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines & Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (E.P.); (O.S.); (S.K.); (O.S.); (V.Z.)
| | - Elena Pleteneva
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines & Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (E.P.); (O.S.); (S.K.); (O.S.); (V.Z.)
| | - Olga Shaburova
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines & Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (E.P.); (O.S.); (S.K.); (O.S.); (V.Z.)
| | - Sergey Krylov
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines & Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (E.P.); (O.S.); (S.K.); (O.S.); (V.Z.)
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119146 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Zhavoronok
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Oxana Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines & Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (E.P.); (O.S.); (S.K.); (O.S.); (V.Z.)
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Zverev
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines & Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia; (M.B.); (E.P.); (O.S.); (S.K.); (O.S.); (V.Z.)
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119146 Moscow, Russia
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Krylov V, Shaburova O, Pleteneva E, Bourkaltseva M, Krylov S, Kaplan A, Chesnokova E, Kulakov L, Magill D, Polygach O. Modular Approach to Select Bacteriophages Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Their Application to Children Suffering With Cystic Fibrosis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1631. [PMID: 27790211 PMCID: PMC5062033 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the potential application of bacterial viruses (phage therapy) toward the eradication of antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this regard, several potential relationships between bacteria and their bacteriophages are considered. The most important aspect that must be addressed with respect to phage therapy of bacterial infections in the lungs of CF patients is in ensuring the continuity of treatment in light of the continual occurrence of resistant bacteria. This depends on the ability to rapidly select phages exhibiting an enhanced spectrum of lytic activity among several well-studied phage groups of proven safety. We propose a modular based approach, utilizing both mono-species and hetero-species phage mixtures. With an approach involving the visual recognition of characteristics exhibited by phages of well-studied phage groups on lawns of the standard P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain, the simple and rapid enhancement of the lytic spectrum of cocktails is permitted, allowing the development of tailored preparations for patients capable of circumventing problems associated with phage resistant bacterial mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krylov
- Laboratory for Genetics of Bacteriophages, Department of Microbiology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Shaburova
- Laboratory for Genetics of Bacteriophages, Department of Microbiology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Pleteneva
- Laboratory for Genetics of Bacteriophages, Department of Microbiology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Bourkaltseva
- Laboratory for Genetics of Bacteriophages, Department of Microbiology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Krylov
- Laboratory for Genetics of Bacteriophages, Department of Microbiology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Kaplan
- Laboratory for Genetics of Bacteriophages, Department of Microbiology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Chesnokova
- Laboratory for Genetics of Bacteriophages, Department of Microbiology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Kulakov
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, UK
| | - Damian Magill
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, UK
| | - Olga Polygach
- Laboratory for Genetics of Bacteriophages, Department of Microbiology, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera Moscow, Russia
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Krylov V, Shaburova O, Pleteneva E, Krylov S, Kaplan A, Burkaltseva M, Polygach O, Chesnokova E. Selection of phages and conditions for the safe phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Virol Sin 2015; 30:33-44. [PMID: 25680443 PMCID: PMC8200895 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens forced us to consider the phage therapy as one of the possible alternative approaches to treatment. The purpose of this paper is to consider the conditions for the safe, long-term use of phage therapy against various infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We describe the selection of the most suitable phages, their most effective combinations and some approaches for the rapid recognition of phages unsuitable for use in therapy. The benefits and disadvantages of the various different approaches to the preparation of phage mixtures are considered, together with the specific conditions that are required for the safe application of phage therapy in general hospitals and the possibilities for the development of personalized phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krylov
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines & Sera, RAMS, Moscow, 105064, Russian,
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Krylov V, Shaburova O, Krylov S, Pleteneva E. A genetic approach to the development of new therapeutic phages to fight pseudomonas aeruginosa in wound infections. Viruses 2012; 5:15-53. [PMID: 23344559 PMCID: PMC3564109 DOI: 10.3390/v5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent participant in wound infections. Emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant strains has created significant problems in the treatment of infected wounds. Phage therapy (PT) has been proposed as a possible alternative approach. Infected wounds are the perfect place for PT applications, since the basic condition for PT is ensured; namely, the direct contact of bacteria and their viruses. Plenty of virulent ("lytic") and temperate ("lysogenic") bacteriophages are known in P. aeruginosa. However, the number of virulent phage species acceptable for PT and their mutability are limited. Besides, there are different deviations in the behavior of virulent (and temperate) phages from their expected canonical models of development. We consider some examples of non-canonical phage-bacterium interactions and the possibility of their use in PT. In addition, some optimal approaches to the development of phage therapy will be discussed from the point of view of a biologist, considering the danger of phage-assisted horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and from the point of view of a surgeon who has accepted the Hippocrates Oath to cure patients by all possible means. It is also time now to discuss the possible approaches in international cooperation for the development of PT. We think it would be advantageous to make phage therapy a kind of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krylov
- Laboratory for Bacteriophages Genetics. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, 5a Maliy Kazenniy per., Moscow, Russia.
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Adriaenssens EM, Mattheus W, Cornelissen A, Shaburova O, Krylov VN, Kropinski AM, Lavigne R. Complete genome sequence of the giant Pseudomonas phage Lu11. J Virol 2012; 86:6369-70. [PMID: 22570243 PMCID: PMC3372202 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00641-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of the giant Pseudomonas phage Lu11 was determined, comparing 454 and Sanger sequencing. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome is 280,538 bp long and encodes 391 open reading frames (ORFs) and no tRNAs. The closest relative is Ralstonia phage ϕRSL1, encoding 40 similar proteins. As such, Lu11 can be considered phylogenetically unique within the Myoviridae and indicates the diversity of the giant phages within this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Adriaenssens
- Division of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Unit Plant—Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Division of Plant Biotechnics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W. Mattheus
- Division of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. Cornelissen
- Division of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - O. Shaburova
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines & Sera, RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. N. Krylov
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines & Sera, RAMS, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. M. Kropinski
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, and Canada & University of Guelph, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Lavigne
- Division of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sillankorva S, Pleteneva E, Shaburova O, Santos S, Carvalho C, Azeredo J, Krylov V. Salmonella Enteritidis bacteriophage candidates for phage therapy of poultry. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1175-86. [PMID: 19796092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salmonella is a worldwide foodborne pathogen causing acute enteric infections in humans. In the recent years, the use of bacteriophages has been suggested as a possible tool to combat this zoonotic pathogen in poultry farms. This work aims to isolate and perform comparative studies of a group of phages active against a collection of specific Salmonella Enteritidis strains from Portugal and England. Also, suitable phage candidates for therapy of poultry will be selected. METHODS AND RESULTS The Salm. Enteritidis strains studied were shown to have a significantly high occurrence of defective (cryptic) prophages; however, no live phages were found in the strains. Bacteriophages isolated from different environments lysed all except one of the tested Salm. Enteritidis strains. The bacteriophages studied were divided into different groups according to their genetic homology, RFLP profiles and phenotypic features, and most of them showed no DNA homology with the bacterial hosts. The bacteriophage lytic efficacy proved to be highly dependent on the propagation host strain. CONCLUSIONS Despite the evidences shown in this work that the Salm. Enteritidis strains used did not produce viable phages, we have confirmed that some phages, when grown on particular hosts, behaved as complexes of phages. This is most likely because of the presence of inactive phage-related genomes (or their parts) in the bacterial strains which are capable of being reactivated or which can recombine with lytic phages. Furthermore, changes of the bacterial hosts used for maintenance of phages must be avoided as these can drastically modify the parameters of the phage preparations, including host range and lytic activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work shows that the optimal host and growth conditions must be carefully studied and selected for the production of each bacteriophage candidate for animal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sillankorva
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Krylov V, Pleteneva E, Bourkaltseva M, Shaburova O, Volckaert G, Sykilinda N, Kurochkina L, Mesyanzhinov V. Myoviridae bacteriophages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a long and complex evolutionary pathway. Res Microbiol 2003; 154:269-75. [PMID: 12798231 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(03)00070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently we have accomplished the entire DNA sequence of bacteriophage phiKZ, a giant virus infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The 280334-bp of phiKZ genome is a linear, circularly permutated and terminally redundant, AT-rich dsDNA molecule that contains no sites for NotI, PstI, SacI, SmaI, XhoI and XmaIII endonucleases. Limited homology to other bacteriophages on the DNA and protein levels indicated that phiKZ represents a distinct branch of the Myoviridae family. In this work, we analyzed a group of six P. aeruginosa phages (Lin68, Lin21, PTB80, NN, EL, and RU), which are morphologically similar to phiKZ, have similar genome size and low G+C content. All phages have a broad host range among P. aeruginosa strains, and they are resistant to the inhibitory action of many P. aeruginosa plasmids. The analysis of the genomic DNA by restriction enzymes and DNA-DNA hybridization shows that phages are representative of three phiKZ-like species: phiKZ-type (phiKZ, Lin21, NN and PTB80), EL-type (EL and RU) and Lin68 which has a shorter tail than other phages. Except for related phages EL and RU, all phiKZ-like phages have identical N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major capsid protein. Random genome sequencing shows that the EL and RU phages have no homology to the phiKZ-like phages on DNA level. We propose that the phiKZ, Lin21, NN, PTB80 and Lin68 phages can be included in a new phiKZ genus, and that the EL and RU phages belong to a separate genus within the Myoviridae family. Based on the resistance to many restriction enzymes and the transduction ability, there are indications that over the long pathway of evolution, the phiKZ-like phages probably inherited the capacity to infect different bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Krylov
- State Institute for Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms, 1st Dorozhnii proezd 1, 113545 Moscow, Russia.
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