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Kubovcikova M, Sobotova R, Zavisova V, Antal I, Khmara I, Lisnichuk M, Bednarikova Z, Jurikova A, Strbak O, Vojtova J, Mikolka P, Gombos J, Lokajova A, Gazova Z, Koneracka M. N-Acetylcysteine-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11414. [PMID: 37511170 PMCID: PMC10380599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by the rapid onset of lung inflammation Therefore, monitoring the spatial distribution of the drug directly administered to heterogeneously damaged lungs is desirable. In this work, we focus on optimizing the drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) adsorption on poly-l-lysine-modified magnetic nanoparticles (PLLMNPs) to monitor the drug spatial distribution in the lungs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The physicochemical characterizations of the samples were conducted in terms of morphology, particle size distributions, surface charge, and magnetic properties followed by the thermogravimetric quantification of NAC coating and cytotoxicity experiments. The sample with the theoretical NAC loading concentration of 0.25 mg/mL was selected as an optimum due to the hydrodynamic nanoparticle size of 154 nm, the surface charge of +32 mV, good stability, and no cytotoxicity. Finally, MRI relaxometry confirmed the suitability of the sample to study the spatial distribution of the drug in vivo using MRI protocols. We showed the prevailing transverse relaxation with high transverse relaxivity values and a high r2(*)/r1 ratio, causing visible hypointensity in the final MRI signal. Furthermore, NAC adsorption significantly affects the relaxation properties of PLLMNPs, which can help monitor drug release in vitro/in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kubovcikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Radka Sobotova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Zavisova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Iryna Antal
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Iryna Khmara
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Maksym Lisnichuk
- Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Park Angelinum 9, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Bednarikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alena Jurikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Oliver Strbak
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Vojtova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Mikolka
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Gombos
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alica Lokajova
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Gazova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Koneracka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
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2
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Antal I, Strbak O, Zavisova V, Vojtova J, Kubovcikova M, Jurikova A, Khmara I, Girman V, Džunda R, Kovaľ K, Koneracka M. Development of Positively Charged Poly-L-Lysine Magnetic Nanoparticles as Potential MRI Contrast Agent. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1831. [PMID: 37368261 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A colloidal solution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with biocompatible positively charged poly-L-lysine (PLL) with an oleate (OL) layer employed as an initial coating was produced as a potential MRI contrast agent. The effect of various PLL/MNPs' mass ratios on the samples' hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and isoelectric point (IEP) was studied by the dynamic light-scattering method. The optimal mass ratio for MNPs' surface coating was 0.5 (sample PLL0.5-OL-MNPs). The average hydrodynamic particle size in the sample of PLL0.5-OL-MNPs was 124.4 ± 1.4 nm, and in the PLL-unmodified nanoparticles, it was 60.9 ± 0.2 nm, indicating that the OL-MNPs' surface became covered by PLL. Next, the typical characteristics of the superparamagnetic behavior were observed in all samples. In addition, the decrease in saturation magnetizations from 66.9 Am2/kg for MNPs to 35.9 and 31.6 Am2/kg for sample OL-MNPs and PLL0.5-OL-MNPs also confirmed successful PLL adsorption. Moreover, we show that both OL-MNPs and PLL0.5-OL-MNPs exhibit excellent MRI relaxivity properties and a very high r2(*)/r1 ratio, which is very desirable in biomedical applications with required MRI contrast enhancement. The PLL coating itself appears to be the crucial factor in enhancing the relaxivity of MNPs in MRI relaxometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Antal
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Oliver Strbak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Zavisova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Vojtova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martina Kubovcikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alena Jurikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Iryna Khmara
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Girman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Park Angelinum 9, 04154 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Džunda
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kovaľ
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Koneracka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia
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3
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Gombos J, Balejcikova L, Kopcansky P, Batkova M, Siposova K, Kovac J, Zolochevska K, Safarik I, Lokajova A, Garamus VM, Dobrota D, Strbak O. Destruction of Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrils Induced by Magnetoferritin and Reconstructed Ferritin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213926. [PMID: 36430405 PMCID: PMC9696235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), or systemic amyloidosis, are characterized by the specific protein transformation from the native state to stable insoluble deposits, e.g., amyloid plaques. The design of potential therapeutic agents and drugs focuses on the destabilization of the bonds in their beta-rich structures. Surprisingly, ferritin derivatives have recently been proposed to destabilize fibril structures. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence spectrophotometry, we confirmed the destructive effect of reconstructed ferritin (RF) and magnetoferritin (MF) on lysosome amyloid fibrils (LAF). The presence of iron was shown to be the main factor responsible for the destruction of LAF. Moreover, we found that the interaction of RF and MF with LAF caused a significant increase in the release of potentially harmful ferrous ions. Zeta potential and UV spectroscopic measurements of LAF and ferritin derivative mixtures revealed a considerable difference in RF compared to MF. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of fibril destabilization by ferritin-like proteins. From this point of view, ferritin derivatives seem to have a dual effect: therapeutic (fibril destruction) and adverse (oxidative stress initiated by increased Fe2+ release). Thus, ferritins may play a significant role in various future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gombos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Lucia Balejcikova
- Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kopcansky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Batkova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Siposova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kovac
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Zolochevska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Safarik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISBB, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alica Lokajova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vasil M. Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Dusan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Oliver Strbak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (O.S.)
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Grayston A, Zhang Y, Garcia-Gabilondo M, Arrúe M, Martin A, Kopcansky P, Timko M, Kovac J, Strbak O, Castellote L, Belloli S, Moresco RM, Picchio M, Roig A, Rosell A. Endovascular administration of magnetized nanocarriers targeting brain delivery after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:237-252. [PMID: 34229512 PMCID: PMC9122522 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211028816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke management has opened the window to local intraarterial brain delivery of therapeutic agents. In this context, the use of nanomedicine could further improve the delivery of new treatments for specific brain targeting, tracking and guidance. In this study we take advantage of this new endovascular approach to deliver biocompatible poly(D-L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocapsules functionalized with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and Cy7.5 for magnetic targeting, magnetic resonance and fluorescent molecular imaging. A complete biodistribution study in naïve (n = 59) and ischemic (n = 51) mice receiving intravenous or intraarterial nanocapsules, with two different magnet devices and imaged from 30 min to 48 h, showed an extraordinary advantage of the intraarterial route for brain delivery with a specific improvement in cortical targeting when using a magnetic device in both control and ischemic conditions. Safety was evaluated in ischemic mice (n = 69) showing no signs of systemic toxicity nor increasing mortality, infarct lesions or hemorrhages. In conclusion, the challenging brain delivery of therapeutic nanomaterials could be efficiently and safely overcome with a controlled endovascular administration and magnetic targeting, which could be considered in the context of endovascular interventions for the delivery of multiple treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Grayston
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites Group, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miguel Garcia-Gabilondo
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Arrúe
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abraham Martin
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Biomarkers of Inflammation, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Peter Kopcansky
- Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Milan Timko
- Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kovac
- Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Oliver Strbak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Laura Castellote
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Laboratories, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Belloli
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa M Moresco
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Maria Picchio
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Roig
- Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites Group, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Rosell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (VHIR-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Petras M, Kalenska D, Samos M, Bolek T, Sarlinova M, Racay P, Halasova E, Strbak O, Stasko J, Musak L, Skorvanova M, Baranovicova E. NMR plasma metabolomics study of patients overcoming acute myocardial infarction: in the first 12 h after onset of chest pain with statistical discrimination towards metabolomic biomarkers. Physiol Res 2020; 69:823-834. [PMID: 32901496 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death among adults in older age. Understanding mechanisms how organism responds to ischemia is essential for the ischemic patient's prevention and treatment. Despite the great prevalence and incidence only a small number of studies utilize a metabolomic approach to describe AMI condition. Recent studies have shown the impact of metabolites on epigenetic changes, in these studies plasma metabolites were related to neurological outcome of the patients making metabolomic studies increasingly interesting. The aim of this study was to describe metabolomic response of an organism to ischemic stress through the changes in energetic metabolites and aminoacids in blood plasma in patients overcoming acute myocardial infarction. Blood plasma from patients in the first 12 h after onset of chest pain was collected and compared with volunteers without any history of ischemic diseases via NMR spectroscopy. Lowered plasma levels of pyruvate, alanine, glutamine and neurotransmitter precursors tyrosine and tryptophan were found. Further, we observed increased plasma levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in balance with decreased level of lipoproteins fraction, suggesting the ongoing ketonic state of an organism. Discriminatory analysis showed very promising performance where compounds: lipoproteins, alanine, pyruvate, glutamine, tryptophan and 3-hydroxybutyrate were of the highest discriminatory power with feasibility of successful statistical discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petras
- Biomedical Center Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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6
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Strbak O, Balejcikova L, Kmetova M, Gombos J, Trancikova A, Pokusa M, Kopcansky P. Quantification of Iron Release from Native Ferritin and Magnetoferritin Induced by Vitamins B 2 and C. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6332. [PMID: 32878313 PMCID: PMC7504058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathological processes in humans are associated with biogenic iron accumulation and the mineralization of iron oxide nanoparticles, especially magnetite. Ferritin has been proposed as a precursor to pathological magnetite mineralization. This study quantifies spectroscopically the release of ferrous ions from native ferritin and magnetoferritin as a model system for pathological ferritin in the presence of potent natural reducing agents (vitamins C and B2) over time. Ferrous cations are required for the transformation of ferrihydrite (physiological) into a magnetite (pathological) mineral core and are considered toxic at elevated levels. The study shows a significant difference in the reduction and iron release from native ferritin compared to magnetoferritin for both vitamins. The amount of reduced iron formed from a magnetoferritin mineral core is two to five times higher than from native ferritin. Surprisingly, increasing the concentration of the reducing agent affects only iron release from native ferritin. Magnetoferritin cores with different loading factors seem to be insensitive to different concentrations of vitamins. An alternative hypothesis of human tissue magnetite mineralization and the process of iron-induced pathology is proposed. The results could contribute to evidence of the molecular mechanisms of various iron-related pathologies, including neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Strbak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Lucia Balejcikova
- Institute of Hydrology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martina Kmetova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Jan Gombos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Alzbeta Trancikova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Michal Pokusa
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Peter Kopcansky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia;
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7
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Antal I, Strbak O, Khmara I, Koneracka M, Kubovcikova M, Zavisova V, Kmetova M, Baranovicova E, Dobrota D. MRI Relaxivity Changes of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Induced by Different Amino Acid Coatings. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10020394. [PMID: 32102280 PMCID: PMC7075310 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analysed the physico-chemical properties of positively charged magnetic fluids consisting of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalised by different amino acids (AAs): glycine (Gly), lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp), and the influence of AA-MNP complexes on the MRI relaxivity. We found that the AA coating affects the size of dispersed particles and isoelectric point, as well as the zeta potential of AA-MNPs differently, depending on the AA selected. Moreover, we showed that a change in hydrodynamic diameter results in a change to the relaxivity of AA-MNP complexes. On the one hand, we observed a decrease in the relaxivity values, r1 and r2, with an increase in hydrodynamic diameter (the relaxivity of r1 and r2 were comparable with commercially available contrast agents); on the other hand, we observed an increase in r2* value with an increase in hydrodynamic size. These findings provide an interesting preliminary look at the impact of AA coating on the relaxivity properties of AA-MNP complexes, with a specific application in molecular contrast imaging originating from magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic resonance techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Antal
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.A.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Oliver Strbak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-43-2633448
| | - Iryna Khmara
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.A.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Martina Koneracka
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.A.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Martina Kubovcikova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.A.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vlasta Zavisova
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (I.A.); (I.K.); (M.K.); (M.K.); (V.Z.)
| | - Martina Kmetova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (D.D.)
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dusan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.K.); (D.D.)
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8
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Kölbl D, Pignitter M, Somoza V, Schimak MP, Strbak O, Blazevic A, Milojevic T. Exploring Fingerprints of the Extreme Thermoacidophile Metallosphaera sedula Grown on Synthetic Martian Regolith Materials as the Sole Energy Sources. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1918. [PMID: 29062303 PMCID: PMC5640722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of metal transforming microorganisms is of a fundamental and applied importance for our understanding of past and present biogeochemical processes on Earth and in the Universe. The extreme thermoacidophile Metallosphaera sedula is a metal mobilizing archaeon, which thrives in hot acid environments (optimal growth at 74°C and pH 2.0) and utilizes energy from the oxidation of reduced metal inorganic sources. These characteristics of M. sedula make it an ideal organism to further our knowledge of the biogeochemical processes of possible life on extraterrestrial planetary bodies. Exploring the viability and metal extraction capacity of M. sedula living on and interacting with synthetic extraterrestrial minerals, we show that M. sedula utilizes metals trapped in the Martian regolith simulants (JSC Mars 1A; P-MRS; S-MRS; MRS07/52) as the sole energy sources. The obtained set of microbiological and mineralogical data suggests that M. sedula actively colonizes synthetic Martian regolith materials and releases free soluble metals. The surface of bioprocessed Martian regolith simulants is analyzed for specific mineralogical fingerprints left upon M. sedula growth. The obtained results provide insights of biomining of extraterrestrial material as well as of the detection of biosignatures implementing in life search missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Kölbl
- Extremophiles Group, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario P Schimak
- Department of Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Strbak
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Amir Blazevic
- Extremophiles Group, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tetyana Milojevic
- Extremophiles Group, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Strbak O, Kanuchova Z, Krafcik A. Proton Gradients as a Key Physical Factor in the Evolution of the Forced Transport Mechanism Across the Lipid Membrane. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2016; 46:523-531. [PMID: 27038470 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-016-9496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical phase in the transition from prebiotic chemistry to biological evolution was apparently an asymmetric ion flow across the lipid membrane. Due to imbalance in the ion flow, the early lipid vesicles could selectively take the necessary molecules from the environment, and release the side-products from the vesicle. Natural proton gradients played a definitively crucial role in this process, since they remain the basis of energy transfer in the present-day cells. On the basis of this supposition, and the premise of the early vesicle membrane's impermeability to protons, we have shown that the emergence of the proton gradient in the lipid vesicle could be a key physical factor in the evolution of the forced transport mechanism (pore formation and active transport) across the lipid bilayer. This driven flow of protons across the membrane is the result of the electrochemical proton gradient and osmotic pressures on the integrity of the lipid vesicle. At a critical number of new lipid molecules incorporated into the vesicle, the energies associated with the creation of the proton gradient exceed the bending stiffness of the lipid membrane, and overlap the free energy of the lipid bilayer pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Strbak
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Kanuchova
- Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 059 60, Tatranska Lomnica, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Krafcik
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
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