Synthesis and characterization of some new tebufenozide analogues and study their toxicological effect against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)

Many of mimic analogues synthesized before depending on the change in the structure of aromatic rings. In this work, the carbonyl group in the structure of compounds 1-4 converted to thiocarbonyl group, and then studying the toxicological activity due to chemical change in the active center of mimic analogues was performed for compounds N-tert-butyl-2,4-dichloro-N'-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)benzohydrazide (2) and N-tert-butyl-2,4-dichloro-N'-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)carbonothioyl]benzenecarbothiohydrazide (6). The toxicological study was done by using 2nd and 4th instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). Five concentration levels (600, 300, 150, 75 and 37.5 ppm) of compounds (2) and (6) were applied on the fresh plant food to the newly grown (2nd and 4th) instar larvae.

Selective synthesis, characterization, and toxicological activity screening of some furan compounds as pesticidal agents

A series of furan derivatives tebufenozide analogues comprising five compounds (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) have been designed and synthesized via reaction of N'-phenylfuran-2-carbohydrazide (1) with different acid chlorides. The structures of the synthesized compounds were identified by elemental analyses and spectroscopic data. The analogues compounds have the active center of tebufenozide (mimic) with change of tertiary butylhydrazine by phenylhydrazine. Studying the effect of this change on the toxicological activity against Spodoptera littoralis larvae was performed for three compounds of the synthesized ones. Toxicological activity data showed that compound (3) is more active than compounds (2) and (5).

New nicotinic acid-based 3,5-diphenylpyrazoles: design, synthesis and antihyperlipidemic activity with potential NPC1L1 inhibitory activity

Nicotinic acid hydrazide was incorporated into new 4,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl derivatives. Compounds 6a-h were synthesized, and their antihyperlipidemic activity was evaluated in high cholesterol diet-fed rat model. Compounds 6e, 6f were found to decrease the levels of serum total cholesterol by 14-19% compared to control group. Total triglycerides were also reduced by 24-28% and LDL cholesterol by 16%. As expected from parent niacin, compounds 6e and 6f caused an elevation of HDL cholesterol by 33-41%. Docking study supported the ability of designed compounds to block NPC1L1 active site in a manner similar to that observed with ezetimibe.

Unveiling the exceptional synergism-induced design of Co-Mg-Al layered triple hydroxides (LTHs) for boosting catalytic activity toward the green synthesis of indol-3-yl derivatives under mild conditions

The current study provides a novel insight into the role of synergism of the changes in Mg²⁺/ Al³⁺ in the best catalytic activity of indol-3-yl derivatives. A series of Co-Mg-Al layered triple hydroxides (LTHs) catalysts were produced by altering the Al³⁺/Mg²⁺ ratio with respect to Co²⁺. The physicochemical properties of LTHs were well characterized by ICP-AES, XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, BET, Zeta-sizer, and VSM. The results show that the sample CMA4 (Co²⁺:Mg²⁺:Al³⁺ 2:4:4) is an exception to the physicochemical characteristics of the produced Co-Mg-Al LTHs, which is due to the synergism between the changes in Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the synthesis of indol-3-yl derivatives from indole-3-carbaldehyde using Co-Mg-Al LTHs as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts, which is an extremely appealing path. The selectivity of the synthesis was studied by condensing various nucleophiles through the one-pot method that established superior reactivity under mild conditions. Notably, the results show that the Co-Mg-Al LTHs system exhibited an extraordinarily catalytic activity, with the highest yield (98%) being obtained under the following optimal conditions: the concentration of Co-Mg-Al LTHs = 5 mol%, 30 min., water/ethanol as solvent. Furthermore, the reusable studies exhibited that the catalysts were found to be stable and reusable for up to six cycles without substantial loss of catalytic activity. Finally, a plausible reaction mechanism of the Co-Mg-Al LTHs system for indol-3-yl derivatives was put forward according to our comprehensive analysis. Our work illuminates a cheap and flexible strategy for the synthesis of indol-3-yl derivatives using Co-Mg-Al LTHs.

Novel N-cyanoguanidyl derivatives: Synthesis and studying their toxicological activity against Spodoptera littoralis and Schizaphis graminum

Reaction of N-cyanoguanidine with acid chlorides and aroylisothiocyanates gave the respective; N-(N-cyanocarbamimidoyl)aryl-2-carboxamides 1-5 and N-[(N-cyanocarbamimidoyl)carbamothioyl]benzamides 6-10, which have a Neonictinoid insecticide’s active group moiety (=N–CN). They have more toxicological activity against wheat Aphid (Schizaphis graminum) than Spodoptera littoralis.

Green Method for the Synthetic Ugi Reaction by Twin Screw Extrusion without a Solvent and Catalyst

This study describes the solvent and catalyst-free Ugi reaction by way of twin screw extrusion (TSE). Multicomponent chemical synthesis can be converted into a single process without repeated use of solvents through TSE. High synthetic yields are achieved in short reaction times and produced in solvent-free conditions, which lead to a more environmentally friendly process.