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Kirsch J, Schneider H, Pagel JI, Rehberg M, Singer M, Hellfritsch J, Chillo O, Schubert KM, Qiu J, Pogoda K, Kameritsch P, Uhl B, Pircher J, Deindl E, Müller S, Kirchner T, Pohl U, Conrad M, Beck H. Endothelial Dysfunction, and A Prothrombotic, Proinflammatory Phenotype Is Caused by Loss of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Reductase in Endothelium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1891-9. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Although the investigation on the importance of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial function has been gaining momentum, little is known on the precise role of the individual components involved in the maintenance of a delicate ROS balance. Here we studied the impact of an ongoing dysregulated redox homeostasis by examining the effects of endothelial cell–specific deletion of murine thioredoxin reductase 2 (Txnrd2), a key enzyme of mitochondrial redox control.
Approach and Results—
We analyzed the impact of an inducible, endothelial cell–specific deletion of Txnrd2 on vascular remodeling in the adult mouse after femoral artery ligation. Laser Doppler analysis and histology revealed impaired angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. In addition, endothelial loss of Txnrd2 resulted in a prothrombotic, proinflammatory vascular phenotype, manifested as intravascular cellular deposits, as well as microthrombi. This phenotype was confirmed by an increased leukocyte response toward interleukin-1 in the mouse cremaster model. In vitro, we could confirm the attenuated angiogenesis measured in vivo, which was accompanied by increased ROS and an impaired mitochondrial membrane potential. Ex vivo analysis of femoral arteries revealed reduced flow-dependent vasodilation in endothelial cell Txnrd2-deficient mice. This endothelial dysfunction could be, at least partly, ascribed to inadequate nitric oxide signaling.
Conclusions—
We conclude that the maintenance of mitochondrial ROS via Txnrd2 in endothelial cells is necessary for an intact vascular homeostasis and remodeling and that Txnrd2 plays a vitally important role in balancing mitochondrial ROS production in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kirsch
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Holger Schneider
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Judith-Irina Pagel
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Markus Rehberg
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Miriam Singer
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Juliane Hellfritsch
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Omary Chillo
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Kai Michael Schubert
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Kristin Pogoda
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Petra Kameritsch
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Bernd Uhl
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Joachim Pircher
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Susanna Müller
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Marcus Conrad
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
| | - Heike Beck
- From the Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany (J.K., H.S., J.-I.P., M.R., M.S., J.H., O.C., K.M.S., J.Q., K.P., P.K., B.U., J.P., E.D., U.P., H.B.); Stress and Immunity Lab, Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany (J.-I.P.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (U.P.); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (U.P.); Institute of Pathology, Ludwig
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Chillo O, Kleinert EC, Lautz T, Lasch M, Pagel JI, Heun Y, Troidl K, Fischer S, Caballero-Martinez A, Mauer A, Kurz ARM, Assmann G, Rehberg M, Kanse SM, Nieswandt B, Walzog B, Reichel CA, Mannell H, Preissner KT, Deindl E. Perivascular Mast Cells Govern Shear Stress-Induced Arteriogenesis by Orchestrating Leukocyte Function. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2197-2207. [PMID: 27524614 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The body has the capacity to compensate for an occluded artery by creating a natural bypass upon increased fluid shear stress. How this mechanical force is translated into collateral artery growth (arteriogenesis) is unresolved. We show that extravasation of neutrophils mediated by the platelet receptor GPIbα and uPA results in Nox2-derived reactive oxygen radicals, which activate perivascular mast cells. These c-kit(+)/CXCR-4(+) cells stimulate arteriogenesis by recruiting additional neutrophils as well as growth-promoting monocytes and T cells. Additionally, mast cells may directly contribute to vascular remodeling and vascular cell proliferation through increased MMP activity and by supplying growth-promoting factors. Boosting mast cell recruitment and activation effectively promotes arteriogenesis, thereby protecting tissue from severe ischemic damage. We thus find that perivascular mast cells are central regulators of shear stress-induced arteriogenesis by orchestrating leukocyte function and growth factor/cytokine release, thus providing a therapeutic target for treatment of vascular occlusive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omary Chillo
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Christian Kleinert
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Lautz
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Judith-Irina Pagel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Hospital of the University of Munich, Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonn Heun
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Troidl
- Division of Arteriogenesis Research, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Amelia Caballero-Martinez
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Mauer
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Angela R M Kurz
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Assmann
- Institute of Pathology, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sandip M Kanse
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Hospital of the University of Munich, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-Universität, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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